Skip to main content
PMC home page
The Journal of Experimental Medicine logoLink to The Journal of Experimental Medicine
. 1968 Jul 1;128(1):153–169. doi: 10.1084/jem.128.1.153

RELATIONSHIP OF GERMINAL CENTERS IN LYMPHOID TISSUE TO IMMUNOLOGICAL MEMORY

I. EVIDENCE FOR THE FORMATION OF SMALL LYMPHOCYTES UPON TRANSFER OF PRIMED SPLENIC WHITE PULP TO SYNGENEIC MICE

J D Wakefield 1, G J Thorbecke 1
PMCID: PMC2138515  PMID: 5662013

Abstract

The fate, proliferation, and developmental potentialities of cell suspensions made from white pulp containing large germinal centers have been studied in the mouse by transfer of cells labeled with thymidine-3H to lethally irradiated, syngeneic recipients. Radioautographic analyses were made using both smears and sections of a variety of tissues. Thymidine-3H-labeling patterns of white pulp showed that, initially, labeling occurred in a majority of blast and "intermediate cells" but in very few or no small lymphocytes. After intravenous transfer, most of the labeled cells localized in the lymphoid tissues of spleen, lymph nodes, and Peyer's patches. Few cells migrated to the thymus, lung, liver, and intestinal mucosa. Both after intravenous and after intraperitoneal transfer there was a rapid increase in the incidence of labeled small lymphocytes and a decrease of labeled blasts and intermediate cells. This was accompanied by an increase in the grain count of the small lymphocytes and a progressive decrease in the grain counts of the blast cells. Exposure of nonlabeled donor cells to thymidine-3H at various time intervals after transfer indicated that dividing cells were present early after transfer but that their incidence progressively decreased. Between 24 and 48 hr, very little cell division was detectable.

Full Text

The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (1,009.4 KB).

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Bryant B. J. The incorporation of tritium from thymidine into proteins of the mouse. J Cell Biol. 1966 Apr;29(1):29–36. doi: 10.1083/jcb.29.1.29. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. COTTIER H., CRONKITE E. P., JANSEN C. R., RAI K. R., SINGER S., SIPE C. R. STUDIES ON LYMPHOCYTES. 3. EFFECTS OF EXTRACORPOREAL IRRADIATION OF THE CIRCULATING BLOOD UPON THE LYMPHORETICULAR ORGANS IN THE CALF. Blood. 1964 Sep;24:241–253. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. CRADDOCK C. G., NAKAI G. S., FUKUTA H., VANSLAGER L. M. PROLIFERATIVE ACTIVITY OF THE LYMPHATIC TISSUES OF RATS AS STUDIED WITH TRITIUM-LABELED THYMIDINE. J Exp Med. 1964 Sep 1;120:389–412. doi: 10.1084/jem.120.3.389. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Cohen M. W., Jacobson E. B., Thorbecke G. J. Gamma-globulin and antibody formation in vitro. V. The secondary response made by splenic white and red pulp with reference to the role of secondary nodules. J Immunol. 1966 Jun;96(6):944–952. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. EVERETT N. B., CAFFREY R. W., RIEKE W. O. RECIRCULATION OF LYMPHOCYTES. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1964 Feb 28;113:887–897. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1964.tb40710.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. FLIEDNER T., KESSE M., CRONKITE E. P., ROBERTSON J. S. CELL PROLIFERATION IN GERMINAL CENTERS OF THE RAT SPLEEN. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1964 Feb 28;113:578–594. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1964.tb40692.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. GOWANS J. L., McGREGOR D. D., COWEN D. M. Initiation of immune responses by small lymphocytes. Nature. 1962 Nov 17;196:651–655. doi: 10.1038/196651a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. GOWANS J. L. The fate of parental strain small lymphocytes in F1 hybrid rats. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1962 Oct 24;99:432–455. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1962.tb45326.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. GYLLENSTEN L. The postnatal histogenesis of the lymphatic system in guinea-pigs. Acta Anat (Basel) 1950;10(1-2):130–160. doi: 10.1159/000140458. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Gowans J. L., Uhr J. W. The carriage of immunological memory by small lymphocytes in the rat. J Exp Med. 1966 Nov 1;124(5):1017–1030. doi: 10.1084/jem.124.5.1017. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. HANNA M. G., Jr AN AUTORADIOGRAPHIC STUDY OF THE GERMINAL CENTER IN SPLEEN WHITE PULP DURING EARLY INTERVALS OF THE IMMUNE RESPONSE. Lab Invest. 1964 Feb;13:95–104. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. MILLER J. J., 3rd, NOSSAL G. J. ANTIGENS IN IMMUNITY. VI. THE PHAGOCYTIC RETICULUM OF LYMPH NODE FOLLICLES. J Exp Med. 1964 Dec 1;120:1075–1086. doi: 10.1084/jem.120.6.1075. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. McGregor D. D., Gowans J. L. THE ANTIBODY RESPONSE OF RATS DEPLETED OF LYMPHOCYTES BY CHRONIC DRAINAGE FROM THE THORACIC DUCT. J Exp Med. 1963 Jan 31;117(2):303–320. doi: 10.1084/jem.117.2.303. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Micklem H. S., Ford C. E., Evans E. P., Gray J. Interrelationships of myeloid and lymphoid cells: studies with chromosome-marked cells transfused into lethally irradiated mice. Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 1966 Jul 19;165(998):78–102. doi: 10.1098/rspb.1966.0059. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. NOWELL P. C. Phytohemagglutinin: an initiator of mitosis in cultures of normal human leukocytes. Cancer Res. 1960 May;20:462–466. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Nowell P. C. Unstable chromosome changes in tuberculin-stimulated leukocyte cultures from irradiated patients. Evidence for immunologically committed, long-lived lymphocytes in human blood. Blood. 1965 Dec;26(6):798–804. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. OSMOND D. G., EVERETT N. B. RADIOAUTOGRAPHIC STUDIES OF BONE MARROW LYMPHOCYTES IN VIVO AND IN DIFFUSION CHAMBER CULTURES. Blood. 1964 Jan;23:1–17. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. PORTER K. A., COOPER E. H. Transformation of adult allogeneic small lymphocytes after transfusion into newborn rats. J Exp Med. 1962 May 1;115:997–1008. doi: 10.1084/jem.115.5.997. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Parrott D. V., De Sousa M. A., East J. Thymus-dependent areas in the lymphoid organs of neonatally thymectomized mice. J Exp Med. 1966 Jan 1;123(1):191–204. doi: 10.1084/jem.123.1.191. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Roser B. The distribution of intravenously injected peritoneal macrophages in the mouse. Aust J Exp Biol Med Sci. 1965 Aug;43(4):553–562. doi: 10.1038/icb.1965.41. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. THORBECKE G. J., JACOBSON E. B., ASOFSKY R. GAMMA. J Immunol. 1964 May;92:734–746. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Volkman A. The origin and turnover of mononuclear cells in peritoneal exudates in rats. J Exp Med. 1966 Aug 1;124(2):241–254. doi: 10.1084/jem.124.2.241. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. WAKSMAN B. H., ARNASON B. G., JANKOVIC B. D. Role of the thymus in immune reactions in rats. III. Changes in the lymphoid organs of thymectomized rats. J Exp Med. 1962 Aug 1;116:187–206. doi: 10.1084/jem.116.2.187. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. WARD P. A., JOHNSON A. G., ABELL M. R. Studies on the adjuvant action of bacterial endotoxins on antibody formation. III. Histologic response of the rabbit spleen to a single injection of a purified protein antigen. J Exp Med. 1959 May 1;109(5):463–474. doi: 10.1084/jem.109.5.463. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Wakefield J. D., Thorbecke G. J. Relationship of germinal centers in lymphoid tissue to immunological memory. II. The detection of primed cells and their proliferation upon cell transfer to lethally irradiated syngeneic mice. J Exp Med. 1968 Jul 1;128(1):171–187. doi: 10.1084/jem.128.1.171. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from The Journal of Experimental Medicine are provided here courtesy of The Rockefeller University Press

RESOURCES