Skip to main content
PMC home page
The Journal of Experimental Medicine logoLink to The Journal of Experimental Medicine
. 1970 Jan 1;131(1):189–206. doi: 10.1084/jem.131.1.189

POLYSACCHARIDE IN DELAYED HYPERSENSITIVITY

I. PNEUMOCOCCAL POLYSACCHARIDE AS INDUCER AND ELICITOR OF DELAYED REACTIVITY IN GUINEA PIGS

Robert J Gerety 1, Rodolfo W Ferraresi 1, Sidney Raffel 1
PMCID: PMC2138760  PMID: 4391280

Abstract

A highly purified pneumococcal polysaccharide (Type II SSS) is a very efficient inducer of delayed hypersensitivity in random-bred guinea pigs. The cellular reactivity induced by this polysaccharide administered subcutaneously in complete Freund's adjuvant is of "tuberculin type"; it increases in intensity with time after the sensitizing injection, as judged by skin tests, the macrophage inhibition reaction and transfer of reactivity by peritoneal exudate cells. By contrast, the cellular reactivity induced by this immunogen in the absence of mycobacterial adjuvant has the characteristics of "Jones-Mote" reactivity. It is best seen at about 1 wk after sensitization; the reactions are characteristically little indurated and show histologic differences from tuberculin type responses; and the reactive state begins to disappear by 2–3 wk, with the accession of Arthus reactivity. This type of delayed reactivity may be related to an early phase of antibody synthesis.

Full Text

The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (993.5 KB).

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Amos H. E., Gurner B. W., Olds R. J., Coombs R. R. Passive sensitization of tissue cells. II. Ability of cytophilic antibody to render the migration of guinea pig peritoneal exudate cells inhibitable by antigen. Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol. 1967;32(5):496–505. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Avery O. T., Goebel W. F. CHEMOIMMUNOLOGICAL STUDIES ON THE SOLUBLE SPECIFIC SUBSTANCE OF PNEUMOCOCCUS : I. THE ISOLATION AND PROPERTIES OF THE ACETYL POLYSACCHARIDE OF PNEUMOCOCCUS TYPE I. J Exp Med. 1933 Nov 30;58(6):731–755. doi: 10.1084/jem.58.6.731. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Avery O. T., Morgan H. J. IMMUNOLOGICAL REACTIONS OF THE ISOLATED CARBOHYDRATE AND PROTEIN OF PNEUMOCOCCUS. J Exp Med. 1925 Aug 31;42(3):347–353. doi: 10.1084/jem.42.3.347. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Azuma I., Kimura H., Yamamura Y. Further purification of polysaccharides having anaphylactic activity from culture filtrate of human tubercle bacilli. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1967 Sep;96(3):536–538. doi: 10.1164/arrd.1967.96.3.536. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. BAER H., CHAPARAS S. D. TUBERCULIN REACTIVITY OF A CARBOHYDRATE COMPONENT OF UNHEATED BCG CULTURE FILTRATE. Science. 1964 Oct 9;146(3641):245–247. doi: 10.1126/science.146.3641.245. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. BAER H., CHAPARAS S. D. The immunology and chemistry of tuberculin. I. The isolation of dialyzable and nondialyzable tuberculin-active components from unheated BCG culture filtrates. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1963 Jul;88:28–32. doi: 10.1164/arrd.1963.88.1.28. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. BARKER S. A., CRUICKSHANK C. N., MORRIS J. H., WOOD S. R. The isolation of trichophytin glycopeptide and its structure in relation to the immediate and delayed reactions. Immunology. 1962 Nov;5:627–632. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. BENACERRAF B., OVARY Z., BLOCH K. J., FRANKLIN E. C. Properties of guinea pig 7S antibodies. I. Electrophoretic separation of two types of guinea pig 7S antibodies. J Exp Med. 1963 Jun 1;117:937–949. doi: 10.1084/jem.117.6.937. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. BOREK F., SILVERSTEIN A. M., GELL P. G. DELAYED HYPERSENSITIVITY TO HAPTEN-PROTEIN CONJUGATES. III. SACCHARIDES AS HAPTENS. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1963 Nov;114:266–270. doi: 10.3181/00379727-114-28648. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Baer H., Chaparas S. D. Delayed skin reactivity to carbohydrate and protein fractions of Mycobacterium bovis (BCG) culture filtrate in the absence and presence of serum antibody. J Immunol. 1966 Feb;96(2):353–357. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Battisto J. R., Chiappetta G., Hixon R. Immunologic responses of guinea pigs to dextran. J Immunol. 1968 Aug;101(2):203–209. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Bennett B., Bloom B. R. Reactions in vivo and in vitro produced by a soluble substance associated with delayed-type hypersensitivity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1968 Mar;59(3):756–762. doi: 10.1073/pnas.59.3.756. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Bloch K. J. The anaphylactic antibodies of mammals including man. Prog Allergy. 1967;10:84–150. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. CHAPARAS S. D., BAER H. THE IMMUNOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY OF TUBERCULIN. II. CHROMATOGRAPHY WITH SEPHADEX OF THE NONDIALYZABLE TUBERCULIN-ACTIVE CONSTITUENTS OF BCG CULTURE FILTRATE. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1964 Jan;89:41–48. doi: 10.1164/arrd.1964.89.1.41. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. COE J. E., SALVIN S. B. The specificity of allergic reactions. VI. Unresponsiveness to simple chemicals. J Exp Med. 1963 Mar 1;117:401–423. doi: 10.1084/jem.117.3.401. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Crowle A. J., Hu C. C. Delayed hypersensitivity in mice to dextran. Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol. 1967;31(2):123–144. doi: 10.1159/000229861. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. DAVID J. R., AL-ASKARI S., LAWRENCE H. S., THOMAS L. DELAYED HYPERSENSITIVITY IN VITRO. I. THE SPECIFICITY OF INHIBITION OF CELL MIGRATION BY ANTIGENS. J Immunol. 1964 Aug;93:264–273. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. EDWARDS P. Q., KNIGHT R. A., MARCUS S. Skin sensitivity of human beings to Histoplasma capsulatum and Blastomyces dermatitidis polysaccharide antigens. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1961 Apr;83:528–534. doi: 10.1164/arrd.1961.83.4.528. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. FREUND J., THOMPSON G. E., LIPTON M. M. Aspermatogenesis, anaphylaxis, and cutaneous sensitization induced in the guinea pig by homologous testicular extract. J Exp Med. 1955 Jun 1;101(6):591–604. doi: 10.1084/jem.101.6.591. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. HEIDELBERGER M., MacLEOD C. M., MARKOWITZ H., DiLAPI M. M. Absence of a prosthetic group in a type-specific polysaccharide of pneumococcus. J Exp Med. 1951 Nov;94(5):359–362. doi: 10.1084/jem.94.5.359. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. HEIDELBERGER M. The immunological specificity of type II Pneumococcus and its separation into partial specificities. II. J Exp Med. 1960 Jan 1;111:33–43. doi: 10.1084/jem.111.1.33. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. HOLBOROW E. J., LOEWI G. The immune response to bloodgroup substances. Immunology. 1962 Mar;5:278–286. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Heise E. R., Han S., Weiser R. S. In vitro studies on the mechanism of macrophage migration inhibition in tuberculin sensitivity. J Immunol. 1968 Nov;101(5):1004–1015. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Holborow E. J., Lowei G. Delayed hypersensitivity and polysaccharide-containing antigens. Br Med Bull. 1967 Jan;23(1):72–75. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.bmb.a070520. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. JANKOVIC B. D., WAKSMAN B. H. Delayed sensitization to purified blood group substances in the guinea pig. J Immunol. 1962 Oct;89:598–607. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. KARUSH F., EISEN H. N. A theory of delayed hypersensitivity. Science. 1962 Jun 22;136(3521):1032–1039. doi: 10.1126/science.136.3521.1032. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. KNIGHT R. A., MARCUS S. Polysaccharide skin test antigens derived from Histoplasma capsulatum and Blastomyces dermatitidis. Am Rev Tuberc. 1958 Jun;77(6):983–989. doi: 10.1164/artpd.1958.77.6.983. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. MARTINS A. B., RAFFEL S. CELLULAR ACTIVITIES IN HYPERSENSITIVE REACTIONS. I. COMPARATIVE CYTOLOGY OF DELAYED, "JONES-MOTE" AND ARTHUS REACTIONS. J Immunol. 1964 Dec;93:937–947. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. MARTINS A. B., RAFFEL S. CELLULAR ACTIVITIES IN HYPERSENSITIVE REACTIONS. II. PLASMOPOIESIS IN DELAYED AND "JONES-MOTE" REACTION SITES. J Immunol. 1964 Dec;93:948–952. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. MAURER P. H., MANSMANN H. C., Jr On nonantigenicity of polysaccharides in guinea pigs. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1958 Nov;99(2):378–381. doi: 10.3181/00379727-99-24356. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. MORGAN P., WATSON D. W., CROMARTIE W. J. Immunization of rabbits with type II pneumococcal polysaccharide. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1952 Jul;80(3):512–516. doi: 10.3181/00379727-80-19675. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. OVARY Z., BENACERRAF B., BLOCH K. J. Properties of guinea pig 7S antibodies. II. Identification of antibodies involved in passive cutaneous and systemic anaphylaxis. J Exp Med. 1963 Jun 1;117:951–964. doi: 10.1084/jem.117.6.951. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. RAFFEL S., NEWEL J. M. The delayed hypersensitivity induced by antigen-antibody complexes. J Exp Med. 1958 Dec 1;108(6):823–841. doi: 10.1084/jem.108.6.823. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. ROSENBERG L. T., TACHIBANA D. K. Activity of mouse complement. J Immunol. 1962 Dec;89:861–867. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. Rowlands D. T., Crowle A. J., Russe H. P. Passively transferred delayed hypersensitivity reactions in mice and guinea-pigs. Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol. 1965;28(6):328–335. doi: 10.1159/000229678. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  36. Tillett W. S., Francis T. CUTANEOUS REACTIONS TO THE POLYSACCHARIDES AND PROTEINS OF PNEUMOCOCCUS IN LOBAR PNEUMONIA. J Exp Med. 1929 Oct 31;50(5):687–701. doi: 10.1084/jem.50.5.687. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from The Journal of Experimental Medicine are provided here courtesy of The Rockefeller University Press

RESOURCES