Skip to main content
PMC home page
The Journal of Experimental Medicine logoLink to The Journal of Experimental Medicine
. 1970 Jan 31;131(2):377–390. doi: 10.1084/jem.131.2.377

HAPTEN-CARRIER RELATIONSHIPS OF ISOANTIGENS

A MODEL FOR IMMUNOLOGICAL MATURATION BASED ON THE CONVERSION OF HAPTENS TO CARRIERS BY ANTIBODY

Raymond A McBride 1, Louis W Schierman 1
PMCID: PMC2138793  PMID: 4192620

Abstract

In chickens, erythrocyte isoantigens have hapten-carrier relationships. Specific anticarrier antibody depresses the immune response to the carrier and enhances the immune response to the hapten. Antigenic determinants of "haptenic" isoantigens behave as carriers if they are coated with specific antibody. It is postulated that every humoral antibody response involves the cooperation of a carrier with a hapten and the progressive conversion by antibody of haptens to carriers. Thus a carrier is viewed as an antigenic determinant which is coated with antibody. The antibody-forming cell only synthesizes antibody to the uncoated haptenic determinants. The consequences of this interpretation for the development of immunological maturity and the secondary immune response are discussed.

Full Text

The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (781.9 KB).

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. CLARKE C. A., DONOHOE W. T., McCONNELL R. B., WOODROW J. C., FINN R., KREVANS J. R., KULKE W., LEHANE D., SHEPPARD P. M. Further experimental studies on the prevention of Rh haemolytic disease. Br Med J. 1963 Apr 13;1(5336):979–984. doi: 10.1136/bmj.1.5336.979. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Cebra J. J., Colberg J. E., Dray S. Rabbit lymphoid cells differentiated with respect to alpha-, gamma-, and mu- heavy polypeptide chains and to allotypic markers Aa1 and Aa2. J Exp Med. 1966 Mar 1;123(3):547–558. doi: 10.1084/jem.123.3.547. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Dixon F. J., Jacot-Guillarmod H., McConahey P. J. The effect of passively administered antibody on antibody synthesis. J Exp Med. 1967 Jun 1;125(6):1119–1135. doi: 10.1084/jem.125.6.1119. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Dubiski S. Suppression of synthesis of allotypically defined immunoglobulins and compensation by another sub-class of immunoglobulin. Nature. 1967 Jun 24;214(5095):1365–1366. doi: 10.1038/2141365a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. EISEN H. N., KARUSH F. IMMUNE TOLERANCE AND AN EXTRACELLULAR REGULATORY ROLE FOR BIVALENT ANTIBODY. Nature. 1964 May 16;202:677–682. doi: 10.1038/202677a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Hemphill F. E., Segre D., Myers W. L. Termination of immunologic tolerance in mice by antigen-antibody complexes. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1966 Oct;123(1):265–271. doi: 10.3181/00379727-123-31462. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Henry C., Jerne N. K. Competition of 19S and 7S antigen receptors in the regulation of the primary immune response. J Exp Med. 1968 Jul 1;128(1):133–152. doi: 10.1084/jem.128.1.133. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Jerne N. K. THE NATURAL-SELECTION THEORY OF ANTIBODY FORMATION. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1955 Nov 15;41(11):849–857. doi: 10.1073/pnas.41.11.849. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Kerman R., Segre D., Myers W. L. Altered response to pneumococcal polysaccharide in offspring of immunologically paralyzed mice. Science. 1967 Jun 16;156(3781):1514–1516. doi: 10.1126/science.156.3781.1514. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. MOLLER G., WIGZELL H. ANTIBODY SYNTHESIS AT THE CELLULAR LEVEL. ANTIBODY-INDUCED SUPPRESSION OF 19S AND 7S ANTIBODY RESPONSE. J Exp Med. 1965 Jun 1;121:969–989. doi: 10.1084/jem.121.6.969. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Paul W. E., Siskind G. W., Benacerraf B. Studies on the effect of the carrier molecule on antihapten antibody synthesis. II. Carrier specificity of anti-2,4-dinitrophenyl-poly-l-lysine antibodies. J Exp Med. 1966 Apr 1;123(4):689–705. doi: 10.1084/jem.123.4.689. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Pincus C. S., Nussenzweig V. Passive antibody may simultaneously suppress and stimulate antibody formation against different portions of a protein molecule. Nature. 1969 May 10;222(5193):594–596. doi: 10.1038/222594a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. ROWLEY D. A., FITCH F. W. HOMEOSTASIS OF ANTIBODY FORMATION IN THE ADULT RAT. J Exp Med. 1964 Dec 1;120:987–1005. doi: 10.1084/jem.120.6.987. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Rajewsky K., Rottländer E., Peltre G., Müller B. The immune response to a hybrid protein molecule; specificity of secondary stimulation and of tolerance induction. J Exp Med. 1967 Oct 1;126(4):581–606. doi: 10.1084/jem.126.4.581. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Rajewsky K., Schirrmacher V., Nase S., Jerne N. K. The requirement of more than one antigenic determinant for immunogenicity. J Exp Med. 1969 Jun 1;129(6):1131–1143. doi: 10.1084/jem.129.6.1131. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. SAHIAR K., SCHWARTZ R. S. INHIBITION OF 19S ANTIBODY SYNTHESIS BY 7S ANTIBODY. Science. 1964 Jul 24;145(3630):395–397. doi: 10.1126/science.145.3630.395. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. SEGRE D., KAEBERLE M. L. The immunologic behavior of baby pigs. I. Production of antibodies in three-week-old pigs. J Immunol. 1962 Dec;89:782–789. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. SELL S., GELL P. G. STUDIES ON RABBIT LYMPHOCYTES IN VITRO. I. STIMULATION OF BLAST TRANSFORMATION WITH AN ANTIALLOTYPE SERUM. J Exp Med. 1965 Aug 1;122:423–440. doi: 10.1084/jem.122.2.423. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Schierman L. W., Leckband E., McBride R. A. Immunological interaction of erythrocyte isoantigens: effects of passive antibody. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1969 Mar;130(3):744–747. doi: 10.3181/00379727-130-33646. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Schierman L. W., McBride R. A. Adjuvant activity of erythrocyte isoantigens. Science. 1967 May 5;156(3775):658–659. doi: 10.1126/science.156.3775.658. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Sell S., Gell P. G. Studies on rabbit lymphocytes in vitro. IV. Blast transformation of the lymphocytes from newborn rabbits induced by antiallotype serum to a paternal IgG allotype not present in the serum of the lymphocyte donors. J Exp Med. 1965 Nov 1;122(5):923–928. doi: 10.1084/jem.122.5.923. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Sell S. Studies on rabbit lymphocytes in vitro. V. The induction of blast transformation with sheep antisera to rabbit IgG subunits. J Exp Med. 1967 Feb 1;125(2):289–301. doi: 10.1084/jem.125.2.289. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Siskind G. W., Paul W. E., Benacerraf B. Studies on the effect of the carrier molecule on antihapten antibody synthesis. I. Effect of carrier on the nature of the antibody synthesized. J Exp Med. 1966 Apr 1;123(4):673–688. doi: 10.1084/jem.123.4.673. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. TERRES G., WOLINS W. Enhanced sensitization in mice by simultaneous injection of antigen and specific rabbit antiserum. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1959 Oct-Dec;102:632–635. doi: 10.3181/00379727-102-25342. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. UHR J. W., BAUMANN J. B. Antibody formation. I. The suppression of antibody formation by passively administered antibody. J Exp Med. 1961 May 1;113:935–957. doi: 10.1084/jem.113.5.935. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Wigzell H., Andersson B. Cell separation on antigen-coated columns. Elimination of high rate antibody-forming cells and immunological memory cells. J Exp Med. 1969 Jan 1;129(1):23–36. doi: 10.1084/jem.129.1.23. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Wigzell H. Antibody synthesis at the cellular level. Antibody-induced suppression of 7S antibody synthesis. J Exp Med. 1966 Nov 1;124(5):953–969. doi: 10.1084/jem.124.5.953. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. van Furth R., Schuit H. R., Hijmans W. The formation of immunoglobulins by human tissues in vitro. IV. Circulating lymphocytes in normal and pathological conditions. Immunology. 1966 Jul;11(1):29–40. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from The Journal of Experimental Medicine are provided here courtesy of The Rockefeller University Press

RESOURCES