Abstract
In this report seven different parameters were employed to investigate the spleen and lymph node cells from mice at the early and the late state of immunity to the lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM) virus. Distinct differences were observed. Morphological studies revealed a different size distribution of the cells in the preparations from the early and the late state of immunity. The cell mixtures of early immune cells contained many more large and blast-like lymphoid cells than the other. Where the cell function was concerned, the cytotoxic activity against LCM virus-infected target cells was almost entirely a function of the early immune cells, and our data strongly indicate that enhancement does not play any role for the disappearance by time of this cell activity. The antiviral effect after transfer to acutely infected animals was also predominantly a function of the early immune cells and the same was the case concerning the ability to protect against a lethal acute infection. However, the early immune cells were almost inactive after transfer to chronically infected virus carriers, whereas transplants of late immune cells to such mice had a very strong antiviral effect. The resistance to X irradiation also varied. Even high X-ray doses could not destroy the function of early immune cells, whereas the function of the late immune cells was readily impaired by X-ray treatment. The early and the late immune cells have one thing in common—both are susceptible to treatment with anti-theta serum. Because of the differences observed between the early and the late immune cells, it is concluded that they belong to different cell populations. However, because of the common susceptibility to anti-theta serum, probably both populations are T-cell lymphocytes. The implications of the results and the role of the different cells in the combat of the viral infection are discussed.
Full Text
The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (828.5 KB).
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Andersson L. C. Size distribution of killer cells during allograft response. Scand J Immunol. 1973;2(1):75–80. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.1973.tb02018.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Cantor H., Asofsky R. Synergy among lymphoid cells mediating the graft-versus-host response. 3. Evidence for interaction between two types of thymus-derived cells. J Exp Med. 1972 Apr 1;135(4):764–779. doi: 10.1084/jem.135.4.764. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Cole G. A., Nathanson N., Prendergast R. A. Requirement for theta-bearing cells in lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus-induced central nervous system disease. Nature. 1972 Aug 11;238(5363):335–337. doi: 10.1038/238335a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Denham S., Grant C. K., Hall J. G., Alexander P. The occurrence of tow types of cytotoxic lymphoid cells in mice immunised with allogeneic tumour cells. Transplantation. 1970 Apr;9(4):366–382. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gilden D. H., Cole G. A., Monjan A. A., Nathanson N. Immunopathogenesis of acute central nervous system disease produced by lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. I. Cyclophosphamide-mediated induction by the virus-carrier state in adult mice. J Exp Med. 1972 Apr 1;135(4):860–873. doi: 10.1084/jem.135.4.860. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gilden D. H., Cole G. A., Nathanson N. Immunopathogenesis of acute central nervous system disease produced by lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. II. Adoptive immunization of virus carriers. J Exp Med. 1972 Apr 1;135(4):874–889. doi: 10.1084/jem.135.4.874. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Marker O., Volkert M. Studies on cell-mediated immunity to lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus in mice. J Exp Med. 1973 Jun 1;137(6):1511–1525. doi: 10.1084/jem.137.6.1511. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Mims C. A., Blanden R. V. Antiviral action of immune lymphocytes in mice infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. Infect Immun. 1972 Nov;6(5):695–698. doi: 10.1128/iai.6.5.695-698.1972. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Segal S., Cohen I. R., Feldman M. Thymus-derived lymphocytes: humoral and cellular reactions distinguished by hydrocortisone. Science. 1972 Mar 10;175(4026):1126–1128. doi: 10.1126/science.175.4026.1126. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Shortman K., Brunner K. T., Cerottini J. C. Separation of stages in the development of the "T" cells involved in cell-mediated immunity. J Exp Med. 1972 Jun 1;135(6):1375–1391. doi: 10.1084/jem.135.6.1375. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Stobo J. D., Paul W. E. Functional heterogeneity of murine lymphoid cells. 3. Differential responsiveness of T cells to phytohemagglutinin and concanavalin A as a probe for T cell subsets. J Immunol. 1973 Feb;110(2):362–375. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Stobo J. D., Paul W. E., Henney C. S. Functional heterogeneity of murine lymphoid cells. IV. Allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reactivity and cytolytic activity as functions of distinct T cell subsets. J Immunol. 1973 Mar;110(3):652–660. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- VOLKERT M., LARSEN J. H. STUDIES ON IMMUNOLOGICAL TOLERANCE TO LCM VIRUS. 5. THE INDUCTION OF TOLERANCE TO THE VIRUS. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand. 1965;63:161–171. doi: 10.1111/apm.1965.63.2.161. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- VOLKERT M. Studies on immunological tolerance to LCM virus. A preliminary report on adoptive immunization of virus carrier mice. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand. 1962;56:305–310. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Volkert M., Larsen J. H. Immunological tolerance to viruses. Prog Med Virol. 1965;7:160–207. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- WILSNACK R. E., ROWE W. P. IMMUNOFLUORESCENT STUDIES OF THE HISTOPATHOGENESIS OF LYMPHOCYTIC CHORIOMENINGITIS VIRUS INFECTION. J Exp Med. 1964 Nov 1;120:829–840. doi: 10.1084/jem.120.5.829. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]