Abstract
A synthetic glycolipid, N-palmitoyl-D-glucosamine, (NPG) was found to be a potent B-cell mitogen, that stimulated spleen cells from nu/nu as well as from normal mice. The proper dispersion of the water insoluble preparation is critical for the elicitation of this mitogenic effect. Limulus lysate clotting assay indicated that the NPG preparation either contains only 0.001% endotoxin contamination, or that NPG itself is 10–5 times less active in this assay than purified endotoxic LPS. Since such low levels of endotoxin concentration are not mitogenic, it is concluded that synthetic N-palmitoyl-D-glucosamine, when properly dispersed, is itself a B-cell mitogen.
Full Text
The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (365.5 KB).
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Andersson J., Melchers F., Galanos C., Lüderitz O. The mitogenic effect of lipopolysaccharide on bone marrow-derived mouse lymphocytes. Lipid A as the mitogenic part of the molecule. J Exp Med. 1973 Apr 1;137(4):943–953. doi: 10.1084/jem.137.4.943. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- BURTON A. J., CARTER H. E. PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF THE LIPID A COMPONENT OF THE LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDES FROM ESCHERICHIA COLI. Biochemistry. 1964 Mar;3:411–418. doi: 10.1021/bi00891a018. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Coutinho A., Möller G. B cell mitogenic properties of thymus-independent antigens. Nat New Biol. 1973 Sep 5;245(140):12–14. doi: 10.1038/newbio245012a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Levin J., Poore T. E., Zauber N. P., Oser R. S. Detection of endotoxin in the blood of patients with sepsis due to gran-negative bacteria. N Engl J Med. 1970 Dec 10;283(24):1313–1316. doi: 10.1056/NEJM197012102832404. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lüderitz O., Galanos C., Risse H. J., Ruschmann E., Schlecht S., Schmidt G., Schulte-Holthausen H., Wheat R., Westphal O., Schlosshardt J. Structural relationship of Salmonella O and R antigens. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1966 Jun 30;133(2):349–374. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1966.tb52376.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Tripodi D., Nowotny A. Relation of structure to function in bacterial O-antigens. V. Nature of active sites in endotoxic lipopolysaccharides of Serratia marcescens. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1966 Jun 30;133(2):604–621. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1966.tb52392.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]