When discussing bioterrorism it is usually assumed that terrorists pursue ideologies and that bioterrorism always avails itself of micro-organisms or toxins.
Terrorism can be coercive, extortionist, or retaliative, and it can be pursued solely for the sake of self gratification.
The poisoning in the Tokyo underground may have had ideological motivation. The bombing of German cities and the dropping of atomic bombs on Japan were acts of terrorism of the coercive kind. The anthrax letters in the United States seem to have been sent to please a bent mind.
Metazoans have long been used to intimidate. The historian Livy writes of the fear that Hannibal's elephants caused among the Romans. The Emperor Nero threw Christians to carnivores in the circus to subdue the new religion and to entertain. The horses of the conquistadors vanquished the Incas and the Aztecs by intimidation.
Yet the best example of terrorism in the service of a non-ideological cause can be found in the Bible, in Exodus 8 and 9. Yahwe, in order to coerce the Pharaoh into releasing the Hebrews from forced labour and allowing them to decamp, terrorised the Egyptians by visiting pestilence upon them. He appears to have deployed micro-organisms—the murrain killing horse, ass, camel, ox, and sheep, and the “boil breaking forth with blains upon man and beast”—and he certainly used metazoans for the purpose: frogs, lice, flies, and finally locusts.
Apart from the fact that Yahwe deployed metazoans as well as micro-organisms and that he did not do so for the sake of ideology, there are further lessons in the report in Exodus, which was recorded at the beginning of the Judaeo-Christian and subsequently Western cultural tradition. Clearly the series of pestilences that were visited upon the Egyptians were acts of bioterrorism; the motivation was far from ideological; and the intent to intimidate (terrorise) and the reasons were overt (announced).
There is another matter to consider: in the Judaeo-Christian tradition Yahwe is not perceived to have been a terrorist, and Moses and Aaron are not looked upon as accomplices. The reason for this is that in that tradition they were believed to have acted in a just cause.