Abstract
Inhibition of DNA synthesis in Escherichia coli mutants in which the SOS-dependent division inhibitors SfiA and SfiC were unable to operate led to a partial arrest of cell division. This SOS-independent mechanism coupling DNA replication and cell division was characterized with respect to residual division, particle number, and DNA content. Whether DNA replication was blocked in the initiation or the elongation step, numerous normal-sized anucleate cells were produced (not minicells or filaments). Their production was used to evaluate the efficiency of this coupling mechanism, which seems to involve the cell division protein FtsZ (SulB), also known to be the target of the division inhibitors SfiA and SfiC. In the absence of DNA synthesis, the efficiency of coupling was modulated by the cyclic-AMP-cyclic-AMP receptor protein complex, which was required for anucleate cell production.
Full text
PDF![66](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/22c1/214371/9080561e8f5c/jbacter00212-0084.png)
![67](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/22c1/214371/12ff0dbb305e/jbacter00212-0085.png)
![68](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/22c1/214371/346ffac67913/jbacter00212-0086.png)
![69](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/22c1/214371/e581b9537b07/jbacter00212-0087.png)
![70](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/22c1/214371/1167a5ac9d2c/jbacter00212-0088.png)
![71](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/22c1/214371/109c025dab53/jbacter00212-0089.png)
Images in this article
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Adler H. I., Fisher W. D., Cohen A., Hardigree A. A. MINIATURE escherichia coli CELLS DEFICIENT IN DNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1967 Feb;57(2):321–326. doi: 10.1073/pnas.57.2.321. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Aiba H., Fujimoto S., Ozaki N. Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequencing of the gene for E. coli cAMP receptor protein. Nucleic Acids Res. 1982 Feb 25;10(4):1345–1361. doi: 10.1093/nar/10.4.1345. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Aono R., Yamasaki M., Tamura G. High and selective resistance to mecillinam in adenylate cyclase-deficient or cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate receptor protein-deficient mutants of Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol. 1979 Feb;137(2):839–845. doi: 10.1128/jb.137.2.839-845.1979. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Brickman E., Soll L., Beckwith J. Genetic characterization of mutations which affect catabolite-sensitive operons in Escherichia coli, including deletions of the gene for adenyl cyclase. J Bacteriol. 1973 Nov;116(2):582–587. doi: 10.1128/jb.116.2.582-587.1973. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Burton P., Holland I. B. Two pathways of division inhibition in UV-irradiated E. coli. Mol Gen Genet. 1983;190(2):309–314. doi: 10.1007/BF00330656. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Capaldo F. N., Barbour S. D. DNA content, synthesis and integrity in dividing and non-dividing cells of rec- strains of Escherichia coli K12. J Mol Biol. 1975 Jan 5;91(1):53–66. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(75)90371-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Casaregola S., D'Ari R., Huisman O. Role of DNA replication in the induction and turn-off of the SOS response in Escherichia coli. Mol Gen Genet. 1982;185(3):440–444. doi: 10.1007/BF00334136. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Cohen S. S., Barner H. D. STUDIES ON UNBALANCED GROWTH IN ESCHERICHIA COLI. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1954 Oct;40(10):885–893. doi: 10.1073/pnas.40.10.885. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- D'Ari R., Huisman O. Novel mechanism of cell division inhibition associated with the SOS response in Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol. 1983 Oct;156(1):243–250. doi: 10.1128/jb.156.1.243-250.1983. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Davie E., Sydnor K., Rothfield L. I. Genetic basis of minicell formation in Escherichia coli K-12. J Bacteriol. 1984 Jun;158(3):1202–1203. doi: 10.1128/jb.158.3.1202-1203.1984. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- George J., Castellazzi M., Buttin G. Prophage induction and cell division in E. coli. III. Mutations sfiA and sfiB restore division in tif and lon strains and permit the expression of mutator properties of tif. Mol Gen Genet. 1975 Oct 22;140(4):309–332. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hirota Y., Ryter A., Jacob F. Thermosensitive mutants of E. coli affected in the processes of DNA synthesis and cellular division. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 1968;33:677–693. doi: 10.1101/sqb.1968.033.01.077. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Holland I. B., Jones C. The role of the FtsZ protein (SfiB) in UV-induced division inhibition and in the normal Escherichia coli cell division cycle. Ann Inst Pasteur Microbiol. 1985 Jan-Feb;136A(1):165–171. doi: 10.1016/s0769-2609(85)80037-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Howard-Flanders P., Boyce R. P., Theriot L. Three loci in Escherichia coli K-12 that control the excision of pyrimidine dimers and certain other mutagen products from DNA. Genetics. 1966 Jun;53(6):1119–1136. doi: 10.1093/genetics/53.6.1119. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Howe W. E., Mount D. W. Production of cells without deoxyribonucleic acid during thymidine starvation of lexA- cultures of Escherichia coli K-12. J Bacteriol. 1975 Dec;124(3):1113–1121. doi: 10.1128/jb.124.3.1113-1121.1975. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Huisman O., D'Ari R. An inducible DNA replication-cell division coupling mechanism in E. coli. Nature. 1981 Apr 30;290(5809):797–799. doi: 10.1038/290797a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Huisman O., D'Ari R., George J. Inducible sfi dependent division inhibition in Escherichia coli. Mol Gen Genet. 1980;177(4):629–636. doi: 10.1007/BF00272673. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Huisman O., D'Ari R., Gottesman S. Cell-division control in Escherichia coli: specific induction of the SOS function SfiA protein is sufficient to block septation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Jul;81(14):4490–4494. doi: 10.1073/pnas.81.14.4490. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Huisman O., Jacques M., D'ari R., Caro L. Role of the sfiA-dependent cell division regulation system in Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol. 1983 Feb;153(2):1072–1074. doi: 10.1128/jb.153.2.1072-1074.1983. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Inouye M. Pleiotropic effect of the rec A gene of Escherichia coli: uncoupling of cell division from deoxyribonucleic acid replication. J Bacteriol. 1971 May;106(2):539–542. doi: 10.1128/jb.106.2.539-542.1971. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Jaffé A., D'Ari R. Regulation of chromosome segregation in Escherichia coli. Ann Inst Pasteur Microbiol. 1985 Jan-Feb;136A(1):159–164. doi: 10.1016/s0769-2609(85)80036-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Jaffé A., Ogura T., Hiraga S. Effects of the ccd function of the F plasmid on bacterial growth. J Bacteriol. 1985 Sep;163(3):841–849. doi: 10.1128/jb.163.3.841-849.1985. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Jones C. A., Holland I. B. Inactivation of essential division genes, ftsA, ftsZ, suppresses mutations at sfiB, a locus mediating division inhibition during the SOS response in E. coli. EMBO J. 1984 May;3(5):1181–1186. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1984.tb01948.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Jones C., Holland I. B. Role of the SulB (FtsZ) protein in division inhibition during the SOS response in Escherichia coli: FtsZ stabilizes the inhibitor SulA in maxicells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Sep;82(18):6045–6049. doi: 10.1073/pnas.82.18.6045. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kumar S. Properties of adenyl cyclase and cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate receptor protein-deficient mutants of Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol. 1976 Feb;125(2):545–555. doi: 10.1128/jb.125.2.545-555.1976. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Little J. W., Mount D. W. The SOS regulatory system of Escherichia coli. Cell. 1982 May;29(1):11–22. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(82)90085-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lutkenhaus J. F. Coupling of DNA replication and cell division: sulB is an allele of ftsZ. J Bacteriol. 1983 Jun;154(3):1339–1346. doi: 10.1128/jb.154.3.1339-1346.1983. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Miki T., Yoshioka K., Horiuchi T. Control of cell division by sex factor F in Escherichia coli. I. The 42.84-43.6 F segment couples cell division of the host bacteria with replication of plasmid DNA. J Mol Biol. 1984 Apr 25;174(4):605–625. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(84)90086-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ogura T., Hiraga S. Mini-F plasmid genes that couple host cell division to plasmid proliferation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983 Aug;80(15):4784–4788. doi: 10.1073/pnas.80.15.4784. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Sabourin D., Beckwith J. Deletion of the Escherichia coli crp gene. J Bacteriol. 1975 Apr;122(1):338–340. doi: 10.1128/jb.122.1.338-340.1975. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Tang M. S., Helmstetter C. E. Coordination between chromosome replication and cell division in Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol. 1980 Mar;141(3):1148–1156. doi: 10.1128/jb.141.3.1148-1156.1980. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Walker J. R., Kovarik A., Allen J. S., Gustafson R. A. Regulation of bacterial cell division: temperature-sensitive mutants of Escherichia coli that are defective in septum formation. J Bacteriol. 1975 Aug;123(2):693–703. doi: 10.1128/jb.123.2.693-703.1975. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ward J. E., Jr, Lutkenhaus J. F. A lacZ-ftsZ gene fusion is an analog of the cell division inhibitor sulA. J Bacteriol. 1984 Mar;157(3):815–820. doi: 10.1128/jb.157.3.815-820.1984. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]