Skip to main content
Canadian Family Physician logoLink to Canadian Family Physician
. 1991 May;37:1165–1169.

Screening Sexually Active Teenagers for Cervical Abnormalities

Its importance for sexually active teenagers

Julius Erdstein, Alan V Pavilanis
PMCID: PMC2145373  PMID: 21229023

Abstract

Sexually active teenagers are at increased risk of developing cervical abnormalities. It is therefore important to screen them with an annual Pap smear. The techniques of this test are reviewed, as are the importance of sexually transmitted diseases in the development of cytologic abnormalities, the pathophysiology of virus-induced changes, and the terminology of reporting.

Full text

PDF
1165

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Boon M. E., Alons-van Kordelaar J. J., Rietveld-Scheffers P. E. Consequences of the introduction of combined spatula and Cytobrush sampling for cervical cytology. Improvements in smear quality and detection rates. Acta Cytol. 1986 May-Jun;30(3):264–270. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. FERGUSON J. H. Positive cancer smears in teenage girls. JAMA. 1961 Oct 28;178:365–368. doi: 10.1001/jama.1961.03040430001001. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. FLUHMANN C. F. The squamocolumnar transitional zone of the cervix uteri. Obstet Gynecol. 1959 Aug;14(2):133–148. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Feldman M. J., Linzey E. M., Srebnik E., Kent D. R., Goldstein A. I., Nelson M. Abnormal cervical cytology in the teen-ager: a continuing problem. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1976 Oct 15;126(4):418–421. doi: 10.1016/0002-9378(76)90629-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Frost J. K. Diagnostic accuracy of "cervical smears". Obstet Gynecol Surv. 1969 Jul;24(7 Pt 2):893–908. doi: 10.1097/00006254-196907001-00019. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Gondos B., Marshall D., Ostergard D. R. Endocervical cells in cervical smears. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1972 Nov 15;114(6):833–834. doi: 10.1016/0002-9378(72)90912-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Guijon F. B., Paraskevas M., Brunham R. The association of sexually transmitted diseases with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: a case-control study. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1985 Jan 15;151(2):185–190. doi: 10.1016/0002-9378(85)90009-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Harris R. W., Brinton L. A., Cowdell R. H., Skegg D. C., Smith P. G., Vessey M. P., Doll R. Characteristics of women with dysplasia or carcinoma in situ of the cervix uteri. Br J Cancer. 1980 Sep;42(3):359–369. doi: 10.1038/bjc.1980.246. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Hughes E. G., Mowatt J., Spence J. E. Endocervical Chlamydia trachomatis infection in Canadian adolescents. CMAJ. 1989 Feb 1;140(3):297–301. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Kataja V., Syrjänen K., Mäntyjärvi R., Väyrynen M., Syrjänen S., Saarikoski S., Parkkinen S., Yliskoski M., Salonen J. T., Castren O. Prospective follow-up of cervical HPV infections: life table analysis of histopathological, cytological and colposcopic data. Eur J Epidemiol. 1989 Mar;5(1):1–7. doi: 10.1007/BF00145037. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Kessler I. I. Etiological concepts in cervical carcinogenesis. Gynecol Oncol. 1981 Oct;12(2 Pt 2):S7–24. doi: 10.1016/0090-8258(81)90059-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Knox E. G., Shannon H. S. Cancer of the cervix and the papilloma viruses. Eur J Epidemiol. 1988 Mar;4(1):83–92. doi: 10.1007/BF00152697. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Lyon J. L., Gardner J. W., West D. W., Stanish W. M., Hebertson R. M. Smoking and carcinoma in situ of the uterine cervix. Am J Public Health. 1983 May;73(5):558–562. doi: 10.2105/ajph.73.5.558. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Maier R. C., Schultenover S. J. Evaluation of the atypical squamous cell Papanicolaou smear. Int J Gynecol Pathol. 1986;5(3):242–248. doi: 10.1097/00004347-198609000-00006. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Mitchell H., Drake M., Medley G. Prospective evaluation of risk of cervical cancer after cytological evidence of human papilloma virus infection. Lancet. 1986 Mar 15;1(8481):573–575. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(86)92807-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Neinstein L. S., Rabinovitz S., Recalde A. Comparison of cytobrush with cotton swab for endocervical cytologic sampling. J Adolesc Health Care. 1989 Jul;10(4):305–307. doi: 10.1016/0197-0070(89)90062-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Reissman S. E. Comparison of two Papanicolaou smear techniques in a family practice setting. J Fam Pract. 1988 May;26(5):525–529. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Richart R. M., Vaillant H. W. Influence of cell collection techniques upon cytological diagnosis. Cancer. 1965 Nov;18(11):1474–1478. doi: 10.1002/1097-0142(196511)18:11<1474::aid-cncr2820181117>3.0.co;2-v. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Roszkowski I., Kierski J., Widy K., Szamborski J. Cytotopographic examination of the uterine endocervix. Acta Cytol. 1967 Jan-Feb;11(1):28–31. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Sadeghi S. B., Hsieh E. W., Gunn S. W. Prevalence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in sexually active teenagers and young adults. Results of data analysis of mass Papanicolaou screening of 796,337 women in the United States in 1981. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1984 Mar 15;148(6):726–729. doi: 10.1016/0002-9378(84)90555-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Schulman J. D., Dorfmann A. D., Jones S. L., Pitt C. C., Joyce B., Patton L. A. Outpatient in vitro fertilization using transvaginal ultrasound-guided oocyte retrieval. Obstet Gynecol. 1987 Apr;69(4):665–668. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Schydlower M., Greeenberg H., Patterson P. H. Adolescents with abnormal cervical cytology. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 1981 Nov;20(11):723–726. doi: 10.1177/000992288102001106. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Syrjanen K., Parkkinen S., Mantyjarvi R., Vayrynen M., Syrjanen S., Holopainen H., Saarikoski S., Castren O. Human papillomavirus (HPV) type as an important determinant of the natural history of HPV infections in uterine cervix. Eur J Epidemiol. 1985 Sep;1(3):180–187. doi: 10.1007/BF00234092. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Syrjänen K. J. Human papillomavirus lesions in association with cervical dysplasias and neoplasias. Obstet Gynecol. 1983 Nov;62(5):617–624. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Trimbos J. B., Arentz N. P. The efficiency of the Cytobrush versus the cotton swab in the collection of endocervical cells in cervical smears. Acta Cytol. 1986 May-Jun;30(3):261–263. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Vooijs P. G., Elias A., van der Graaf Y., Veling S. Relationship between the diagnosis of epithelial abnormalities and the composition of cervical smears. Acta Cytol. 1985 May-Jun;29(3):323–328. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Wallace D. L., Slankard J. E. Teenage cervical carcinoma in situ. Obstet Gynecol. 1973 May;41(5):697–700. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Worth A. J. The Walton report and its subsequent impact on cervical cancer screening programs in Canada. Obstet Gynecol. 1984 Feb;63(2):135–139. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Canadian Family Physician are provided here courtesy of College of Family Physicians of Canada

RESOURCES