Skip to main content
Canadian Family Physician logoLink to Canadian Family Physician
. 1992 Sep;38:2155-2158, 2161-2162.

Vesicoureteral Reflux in Childhood

Preventing urinary tract infections

William Lane M Robson, Alexander KC Leung, William C Hyndman
PMCID: PMC2145496  PMID: 21221285

Abstract

Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is the most common anatomical predisposition to pyelonephritis. A retrograde voiding cystourethrogram is the preferred study to assess the severity of VUR. Most children with VUR will respond to medical management. The prevention of urinary tract infections is fundamental to the management of children with VUR.

Full text

PDF
2155

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Aladjem M., Boichis H., Hertz M., Herzfeld S., Raviv U. The conservative management of vesicoureteric reflux: a review of 121 children. Pediatrics. 1980 Jan;65(1):78–80. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Edwards D., Normand I. C., Prescod N., Smellie J. M. Disappearance of vesicoureteric reflux during long-term prophylaxis of urinary tract infection in children. Br Med J. 1977 Jul 30;2(6082):285–288. doi: 10.1136/bmj.2.6082.285. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Goldraich N. P., Ramos O. L., Goldraich I. H. Urography versus DMSA scan in children with vesicoureteric reflux. Pediatr Nephrol. 1989 Jan;3(1):1–5. doi: 10.1007/BF00859614. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Gordon I., Peters A. M., Morony S. Indirect radionuclide cystography: a sensitive technique for the detection of vesico-ureteral reflux. Pediatr Nephrol. 1990 Nov;4(6):604–606. doi: 10.1007/BF00858633. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Haycock G. B. A practical approach to evaluating urinary tract infection in children. Pediatr Nephrol. 1991 Jul;5(4):401–403. doi: 10.1007/BF01453665. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Hodson C. J., Maling T. M., McManamon P. J., Lewis M. G. The pathogenesis of reflux nephropathy (chronic atrophic pyelonephritis). Br J Radiol. 1975;Suppl 13:1–26. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Holland N. H., Jackson E. C., Kazee M., Conrad G. R., Ryo U. Y. Relation of urinary tract infection and vesicoureteral reflux to scars: follow-up of thirty-eight patients. J Pediatr. 1990 May;116(5):S65–S71. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3476(05)82705-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. King L. R., Kazmi S. O., Belman A. B. Natural history of vesicoureteral reflux. Outcome of a trial of nonoperative therapy. Urol Clin North Am. 1974 Oct;1(3):441–455. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Koff S. A. A practical approach to evaluating urinary tract infection in children. Pediatr Nephrol. 1991 Jul;5(4):398–400. doi: 10.1007/BF01453663. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Leung A. K., Robson W. L. Urinary tract infection in infancy and childhood. Adv Pediatr. 1991;38:257–285. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Leung A. K. Teething. Am Fam Physician. 1989 Feb;39(2):131–134. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Meyrier A., Condamin M. C., Fernet M., Labigne-Roussel A., Simon P., Callard P., Rainfray M., Soilleux M., Groc A. Frequency of development of early cortical scarring in acute primary pyelonephritis. Kidney Int. 1989 Feb;35(2):696–703. doi: 10.1038/ki.1989.41. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. O'Donnell B., Puri P. Treatment of vesicoureteric reflux by endoscopic injection of Teflon. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1984 Jul 7;289(6436):7–9. doi: 10.1136/bmj.289.6436.7. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Olbing H. Vesico-uretero-renal reflux and the kidney. Pediatr Nephrol. 1987 Oct;1(4):638–646. doi: 10.1007/BF00853602. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Risdon R. A. The small scarred kidney of childhood. A congenital or an acquired lesion? Pediatr Nephrol. 1987 Oct;1(4):632–637. doi: 10.1007/BF00853601. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Robson L. M., Leung A. K. Enuresis and voiding cystourethrogram. Urology. 1992 Feb;39(2):199–199. doi: 10.1016/0090-4295(92)90285-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Robson W. L., Leung A. K. Appropriate voiding frequency in children with a history of urinary tract infections. J R Coll Physicians Lond. 1991 Jul;25(3):263–263. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Robson W. L., Leung A. K. Squatting and urinary tract infection. Arch Dis Child. 1991 Aug;66(8):1003–1003. doi: 10.1136/adc.66.8.1003-a. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. SARGENT J. W. BILATERAL URETERAL REFLUX OBSERVED IN A PATIENT OVER A 23-YEAR PERIOD: CASE REPORT. J Urol. 1964 Jun;91:650–651. doi: 10.1016/S0022-5347(17)64192-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Shanon A., Feldman W. Methodologic limitations in the literature on vesicoureteral reflux: a critical review. J Pediatr. 1990 Aug;117(2 Pt 1):171–178. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3476(05)80525-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Shaw K. N., Hexter D., McGowan K. L., Schwartz J. S. Clinical evaluation of a rapid screening test for urinary tract infections in children. J Pediatr. 1991 May;118(5):733–736. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3476(05)80035-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Skoog S. J., Belman A. B. Primary vesicoureteral reflux in the black child. Pediatrics. 1991 Apr;87(4):538–543. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Smellie J. M., Normand I. C. Bacteriuria, reflux, and renal scarring. Arch Dis Child. 1975 Aug;50(8):581–585. doi: 10.1136/adc.50.8.581. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Smellie J. M., Normand I. C., Katz G. Children with urinary infection: a comparison of those with and those without vesicoureteric reflux. Kidney Int. 1981 Dec;20(6):717–722. doi: 10.1038/ki.1981.201. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Smellie J. M., Ransley P. G., Normand I. C., Prescod N., Edwards D. Development of new renal scars: a collaborative study. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1985 Jun 29;290(6486):1957–1960. doi: 10.1136/bmj.290.6486.1957. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Canadian Family Physician are provided here courtesy of College of Family Physicians of Canada

RESOURCES