Abstract
Three Bacillus subtilis genes (termed sspA, sspB, and sspD) which code for small, acid-soluble spore proteins (SASPs) have been cloned, and their complete nucleotide sequence has been determined. The amino acid sequences of the SASPs coded for by these genes are similar to each other and to those of the SASP-1 of B. subtilis (coded for by the sspC gene) and the SASP-A/C family of B. megaterium. The sspA and sspB genes are expressed only in sporulation, in parallel with each other and with the sspC gene. Two regions upstream of the postulated transcription start sites for the sspA and B genes have significant homology with the analogous regions of the sspC gene and the SASP-A/C gene family. Purification of two of the three major B, subtilis SASPs (alpha and beta) and determination of their amino-terminal sequences indicated that the sspA gene codes for SASP-alpha and that the sspB gene codes for SASP-beta. This was confirmed by the introduction of deletion mutations into the cloned sspA and sspB genes and transfer of these deletions into the B. subtilis chromosome with concomitant loss of the wild-type gene.
Full text
PDF








Images in this article
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Benton W. D., Davis R. W. Screening lambdagt recombinant clones by hybridization to single plaques in situ. Science. 1977 Apr 8;196(4286):180–182. doi: 10.1126/science.322279. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Connors M. J., Howard S., Hoch J., Setlow P. Determination of the chromosomal locations of four Bacillus subtilis genes which code for a family of small, acid-soluble spore proteins. J Bacteriol. 1986 May;166(2):412–416. doi: 10.1128/jb.166.2.412-416.1986. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Connors M. J., Setlow P. Cloning of a small, acid-soluble spore protein gene from Bacillus subtilis and determination of its complete nucleotide sequence. J Bacteriol. 1985 Jan;161(1):333–339. doi: 10.1128/jb.161.1.333-339.1985. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Curiel-Quesada E., Setlow P. Cloning of a new low-molecular-weight spore-specific protein gene from Bacillus megaterium. J Bacteriol. 1984 Mar;157(3):751–757. doi: 10.1128/jb.157.3.751-757.1984. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ferrari F. A., Nguyen A., Lang D., Hoch J. A. Construction and properties of an integrable plasmid for Bacillus subtilis. J Bacteriol. 1983 Jun;154(3):1513–1515. doi: 10.1128/jb.154.3.1513-1515.1983. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Fliss E. R., Loshon C. A., Setlow P. Genes for Bacillus megaterium small, acid-soluble spore proteins: cloning and nucleotide sequence of three additional genes from this multigene family. J Bacteriol. 1986 Feb;165(2):467–473. doi: 10.1128/jb.165.2.467-473.1986. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Goldrick S., Setlow P. Expression of a Bacillus megaterium sporulation-specific gene during sporulation of Bacillus subtilis. J Bacteriol. 1983 Sep;155(3):1459–1462. doi: 10.1128/jb.155.3.1459-1462.1983. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gryczan T. J., Dubnau D. Construction and properties of chimeric plasmids in Bacillus subtilis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1978 Mar;75(3):1428–1432. doi: 10.1073/pnas.75.3.1428. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Johnson W. C., Tipper D. J. Acid-soluble spore proteins of Bacillus subtilis. J Bacteriol. 1981 Jun;146(3):972–982. doi: 10.1128/jb.146.3.972-982.1981. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Maxam A. M., Gilbert W. Sequencing end-labeled DNA with base-specific chemical cleavages. Methods Enzymol. 1980;65(1):499–560. doi: 10.1016/s0076-6879(80)65059-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- REISFELD R. A., LEWIS U. J., WILLIAMS D. E. Disk electrophoresis of basic proteins and peptides on polyacrylamide gels. Nature. 1962 Jul 21;195:281–283. doi: 10.1038/195281a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Rigby P. W., Dieckmann M., Rhodes C., Berg P. Labeling deoxyribonucleic acid to high specific activity in vitro by nick translation with DNA polymerase I. J Mol Biol. 1977 Jun 15;113(1):237–251. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(77)90052-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Rosenberg M., Court D. Regulatory sequences involved in the promotion and termination of RNA transcription. Annu Rev Genet. 1979;13:319–353. doi: 10.1146/annurev.ge.13.120179.001535. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Setlow B., Hackett R. H., Setlow P. Noninvolvement of the spore cortex in acquisition of low-molecular-weight basic proteins and UV light resistance during Bacillus sphaericus sporulation. J Bacteriol. 1982 Feb;149(2):494–498. doi: 10.1128/jb.149.2.494-498.1982. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Setlow B., Setlow P. Localization of low-molecular-weight basic proteins in Bacillus megaterium spores by cross-linking with ultraviolet light. J Bacteriol. 1979 Aug;139(2):486–494. doi: 10.1128/jb.139.2.486-494.1979. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Setlow P., Gerard C., Ozols J. The amino acid sequence specificity of a protease from spores of Bacillus megaterium. J Biol Chem. 1980 Apr 25;255(8):3624–3628. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Setlow P. Identification and localization of the major proteins degraded during germination of Bacillus megaterium spores. J Biol Chem. 1975 Oct 25;250(20):8159–8167. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Setlow P. Purification and properties of a specific proteolytic enzyme present in spores of Bacillus magaterium. J Biol Chem. 1976 Dec 25;251(24):7853–7862. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Southern E. M. Detection of specific sequences among DNA fragments separated by gel electrophoresis. J Mol Biol. 1975 Nov 5;98(3):503–517. doi: 10.1016/s0022-2836(75)80083-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Stahl M. L., Ferrari E. Replacement of the Bacillus subtilis subtilisin structural gene with an In vitro-derived deletion mutation. J Bacteriol. 1984 May;158(2):411–418. doi: 10.1128/jb.158.2.411-418.1984. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Thomas P. S. Hybridization of denatured RNA and small DNA fragments transferred to nitrocellulose. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1980 Sep;77(9):5201–5205. doi: 10.1073/pnas.77.9.5201. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Yuan K., Johnson W. C., Tipper D. J., Setlow P. Comparison of various properties of low-molecular-weight proteins from dormant spores of several Bacillus species. J Bacteriol. 1981 Jun;146(3):965–971. doi: 10.1128/jb.146.3.965-971.1981. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]