Skip to main content
Journal of Bacteriology logoLink to Journal of Bacteriology
. 1985 Mar;161(3):1222–1225. doi: 10.1128/jb.161.3.1222-1225.1985

Monovalent cations enable cell wall turnover of the turnover-deficient lyt-15 mutant of Bacillus subtilis.

H Y Cheung, E Freese
PMCID: PMC215031  PMID: 3918987

Abstract

A lyt-15 mutant reported to be unable to turn over the cell wall exhibited the same rate of wall turnover as the standard strain if the medium contained 0.2 M NaCl, which did not affect growth. Cell wall autolysis was also optimal at 0.2 M NaCl.

Full text

PDF
1222

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Akrigg A., Ayad S. R. Studies on the competence-inducing factor of Bacillus subtilis. Biochem J. 1970 Apr;117(2):397–403. doi: 10.1042/bj1170397. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Baker D. A., Park R. W. Changes in morphology and cell wall structure that occur during growth of Vibrio sp. NCTC4716 in batch culture. J Gen Microbiol. 1975 Jan;86(1):12–28. doi: 10.1099/00221287-86-1-12. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Boothby D., Daneo-Moore L., Higgins M. L., Coyette J., Shockman G. D. Turnover of bacterial cell wall peptidoglycans. J Biol Chem. 1973 Mar 25;248(6):2161–2169. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Brown W. C., Fraser D. K., Young F. E. Problems in purification of a Bacillus subtilis autolytic enzyme caused by association with teichoic acid. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1970 Feb 11;198(2):308–315. doi: 10.1016/0005-2744(70)90063-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Brown W. C. Rapid methods for extracting autolysins from Bacillus subtilis. Appl Microbiol. 1973 Feb;25(2):295–300. doi: 10.1128/am.25.2.295-300.1973. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. CHALOUPKA J., RIHOVA L., KRECKOVA P. DEGRADATION AND TURNOVER OF BACTERIAL CELL WALL MUCOPEPTIDES IN GROWING BACTERIA. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 1964 Jan;24:9–15. doi: 10.1007/BF02875894. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Chaloupka J. Synthesis and degradation of surface structures by growing and non-growing Bacillus megaterium. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 1967;12(3):264–273. doi: 10.1007/BF02868742. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Chatterjee A. N., Wong W., Young F. E., Gilpin R. W. Isolation and characterization of a mutant of Staphylococcus aureus deficient in autolytic activity. J Bacteriol. 1976 Mar;125(3):961–967. doi: 10.1128/jb.125.3.961-967.1976. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Cheung H. Y., Vitković L., Freese E. Rates of peptidoglycan turnover and cell growth of Bacillus subtilis are correlated. J Bacteriol. 1983 Dec;156(3):1099–1106. doi: 10.1128/jb.156.3.1099-1106.1983. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Chowdhury M. R., Chakrabarti P. Decreased autolytic activity in a penicillin-resistant Bacillus subtilis. Indian J Exp Biol. 1980 Feb;18(2):171–173. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. De Boer W. R., Kruyssen F. J., Wouters J. T. Cell wall turnover in batch and chemostat cultures of Bacillus subtilis. J Bacteriol. 1981 Jan;145(1):50–60. doi: 10.1128/jb.145.1.50-60.1981. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Doyle R. J., McDannel M. L., Streips U. N., Birdsell D. C., Young F. E. Polyelectrolyte nature of bacterial teichoic acids. J Bacteriol. 1974 May;118(2):606–615. doi: 10.1128/jb.118.2.606-615.1974. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Fan D. P. Cell wall binding properties of the Bacillus subtilis autolysin(s). J Bacteriol. 1970 Aug;103(2):488–493. doi: 10.1128/jb.103.2.488-493.1970. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Fein J. E. Possible involvement of bacterial autolytic enzymes in flagellar morphogenesis. J Bacteriol. 1979 Feb;137(2):933–946. doi: 10.1128/jb.137.2.933-946.1979. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Fein J. E., Rogers H. J. Autolytic enzyme-deficient mutants of Bacillus subtilis 168. J Bacteriol. 1976 Sep;127(3):1427–1442. doi: 10.1128/jb.127.3.1427-1442.1976. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Forsberg C. W., Ward J. B. N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanine amidase of Bacillus licheniformis and its L-form. J Bacteriol. 1972 Jun;110(3):878–888. doi: 10.1128/jb.110.3.878-888.1972. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Ghuysen J. M. Use of bacteriolytic enzymes in determination of wall structure and their role in cell metabolism. Bacteriol Rev. 1968 Dec;32(4 Pt 2):425–464. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Glaser L. Bacterial cell surface polysaccharides. Annu Rev Biochem. 1973;42:91–112. doi: 10.1146/annurev.bi.42.070173.000515. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Glaser L., Lindsay B. Relation between cell wall turnover and cell growth in Bacillus subtilis. J Bacteriol. 1977 May;130(2):610–619. doi: 10.1128/jb.130.2.610-619.1977. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Guinand M., Vacheron M. J., Michel G. Relation between inhibition of Bacilli sporulation and synthesis of lytic enzymes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1978 Jan 30;80(2):429–434. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(78)90695-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Hinks R. P., Daneo-Moore L., Shockman G. D. Relationship between cellular autolytic activity, peptidoglycan synthesis, septation, and the cell cycle in synchronized populations of Streptococcus faecium. J Bacteriol. 1978 Jun;134(3):1074–1080. doi: 10.1128/jb.134.3.1074-1080.1978. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Hughes R. C. Autolysis of isolated cell walls of Bacillus licheniformis N.C.T.C. 6346 and Bacillus subtilis Marburg Strain 168. Separation of the products and characterization of the mucopeptide fragments. Biochem J. 1970 Oct;119(5):849–860. doi: 10.1042/bj1190849. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Jolliffe L. K., Doyle R. J., Streips U. N. The energized membrane and cellular autolysis in Bacillus subtilis. Cell. 1981 Sep;25(3):753–763. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(81)90183-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Konings W. N., Freese E. L-serine transport in membrane vesicles of Bacillus subtilis energized by NADH or reduced phenazine methosulfate. FEBS Lett. 1971 Apr 12;14(1):65–68. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(71)80276-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. LIGHTBOWN J. W., JACKSON F. L. Inhibition of cytochrome systems of heart muscle and certain bacteria by the antagonists of dihydrostreptomycin: 2-alkyl-4-hydroxyquinoline N-oxides. Biochem J. 1956 May;63(1):130–137. doi: 10.1042/bj0630130. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Mauck J., Chan L., Glaser L. Turnover of the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria. J Biol Chem. 1971 Mar 25;246(6):1820–1827. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. NEUBERT D., LEHNINGER A. L. The effect of oligomycin, gramicidin and other antibiotics on reversal of mitochondrial swelling by adenosine triphosphate. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1962 Aug 27;62:556–565. doi: 10.1016/0006-3002(62)90238-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Pooley H. M., Porres-Juan J. M., Shockman G. D. Dissociation of an autolytic enzyme-cell wall complex by treatment with unusually high concentrations of salt. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1970 Mar 27;38(6):1134–1140. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(70)90357-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Pooley H. M. Turnover and spreading of old wall during surface growth of Bacillus subtilis. J Bacteriol. 1976 Mar;125(3):1127–1138. doi: 10.1128/jb.125.3.1127-1138.1976. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Rogers H. J., Pooley H. M., Thurman P. F., Taylor C. Wall and membrane growth in bacilli and their mutants. Ann Microbiol (Paris) 1974 Sep;125 B(2):135–147. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Schlaeppi J. M., Pooley H. M., Karamata D. Identification of cell wall subunits in bacillus subtilis and analysis of their segregation during growth. J Bacteriol. 1982 Jan;149(1):329–337. doi: 10.1128/jb.149.1.329-337.1982. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Shungu D. L., Cornett J. B., Shockman G. D. Morphological and physiological study of autolytic-defective Streptococcus faecium strains. J Bacteriol. 1979 May;138(2):598–608. doi: 10.1128/jb.138.2.598-608.1979. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Strominger J. L., Ghuysen J. M. Mechanisms of enzymatic bacteriaolysis. Cell walls of bacteri are solubilized by action of either specific carbohydrases or specific peptidases. Science. 1967 Apr 14;156(3772):213–221. doi: 10.1126/science.156.3772.213. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Tomasz A., Albino A., Zanati E. Multiple antibiotic resistance in a bacterium with suppressed autolytic system. Nature. 1970 Jul 11;227(5254):138–140. doi: 10.1038/227138a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. Tomasz A. From penicillin-binding proteins to the lysis and death of bacteria: a 1979 view. Rev Infect Dis. 1979 May-Jun;1(3):434–467. doi: 10.1093/clinids/1.3.434. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  36. Tomasz A., Waks S. Mechanism of action of penicillin: triggering of the pneumococcal autolytic enzyme by inhibitors of cell wall synthesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1975 Oct;72(10):4162–4166. doi: 10.1073/pnas.72.10.4162. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  37. Vitković L., Cheung H. Y., Freese E. Absence of correlation between rates of cell wall turnover and autolysis shown by Bacillus subtilis mutants. J Bacteriol. 1984 Jan;157(1):318–320. doi: 10.1128/jb.157.1.318-320.1984. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  38. Ward J. B. The chain length of the glycans in bacterial cell walls. Biochem J. 1973 Jun;133(2):395–398. doi: 10.1042/bj1330395. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  39. de Boer W. R., Meyer P. D., Jordens C. G., Kruyssen F. J., Wouters J. T. Cell wall turnover in growing and nongrowing cultures of Bacillus subtilis. J Bacteriol. 1982 Mar;149(3):977–984. doi: 10.1128/jb.149.3.977-984.1982. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Journal of Bacteriology are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

RESOURCES