Skip to main content
Journal of Bacteriology logoLink to Journal of Bacteriology
. 1983 Jan;153(1):76–83. doi: 10.1128/jb.153.1.76-83.1983

Plasmid linkage of the D-tagatose 6-phosphate pathway in Streptococcus lactis: effect on lactose and galactose metabolism.

V L Crow, G P Davey, L E Pearce, T D Thomas
PMCID: PMC217343  PMID: 6294064

Abstract

The three enzymes of the D-tagatose 6-phosphate pathway (galactose 6-phosphate isomerase, D-tagatose 6-phosphate kinase, and tagatose 1,6-diphosphate aldolase) were absent in lactose-negative (Lac-) derivatives of Streptococcus lactis C10, H1, and 133 grown on galactose. The lactose phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system and phospho-beta-galactosidase activities were also absent in Lac- derivatives of strains H1 and 133 and were low (possibly absent) in C10 Lac-. In all three Lac- derivatives, low galactose phosphotransferase system activity was found. On galactose, Lac- derivatives grew more slowly (presumably using the Leloir pathway) than the wild-type strains and accumulated high intracellular concentrations of galactose 6-phosphate (up to 49 mM); no intracellular tagatose 1,6-diphosphate was detected. The data suggest that the Lac phenotype is plasmid linked in the three strains studied, with the evidence being more substantial for strain H1. A Lac- derivative of H1 contained a single plasmid (33 megadaltons) which was absent from the Lac- mutant. We suggest that the genes linked to the lactose plasmid in S. lactis are more numerous than previously envisaged, coding for all of the enzymes involved in lactose metabolism from initial transport to the formation of triose phosphates via the D-tagatose 6-phosphate pathway.

Full text

PDF
76

Images in this article

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Anderson D. G., McKay L. L. Plasmids, loss of lactose metabolism, and appearance of partial and full lactose-fermenting revertants in Streptococcus cremoris B1. J Bacteriol. 1977 Jan;129(1):367–377. doi: 10.1128/jb.129.1.367-377.1977. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Babul J. Phosphofructokinases from Escherichia coli. Purification and characterization of the nonallosteric isozyme. J Biol Chem. 1978 Jun 25;253(12):4350–4355. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Bissett D. L., Anderson R. L. Genetic evidence for the physiological significance of the D-tagatose 6-phosphate pathway of lactose and D-galactose degradation in staphylococcus aureus. J Bacteriol. 1974 Sep;119(3):698–704. doi: 10.1128/jb.119.3.698-704.1974. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Bissett D. L., Anderson R. L. Lactose and D-galactose metabolism in Staphylococcus aureus. IV. Isolation and properties of a class I D-ketohexose-1,6-diphosphate aldolase that catalyzes the cleavage of D-tagatose 1,6-diphosphate. J Biol Chem. 1980 Sep 25;255(18):8750–8755. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Bissett D. L., Anderson R. L. Lactose and D-galactose metabolism in group N streptococci: presence of enzymes for both the D-galactose 1-phosphate and D-tagatose 6-phosphate pathways. J Bacteriol. 1974 Jan;117(1):318–320. doi: 10.1128/jb.117.1.318-320.1974. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Bissett D. L., Wenger W. C., Anderson R. L. Lactose and D-galactose metabolism in Staphylococcus aureus. II. Isomerization of D-galactose 6-phosphate to D-tagatose 6-phosphate by a specific D-galactose-6-phosphate isomerase. J Biol Chem. 1980 Sep 25;255(18):8740–8744. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Crow V. L., Thomas T. D. Arginine metabolism in lactic streptococci. J Bacteriol. 1982 Jun;150(3):1024–1032. doi: 10.1128/jb.150.3.1024-1032.1982. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Crow V. L., Thomas T. D. D-tagatose 1,6-diphosphate aldolase from lactic streptococci: purification, properties, and use in measuring intracellular tagatose 1,6-diphosphate. J Bacteriol. 1982 Aug;151(2):600–608. doi: 10.1128/jb.151.2.600-608.1982. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Davies F. L., Gasson M. J. Reviews of the progress of dairy science: genetics of lactic acid bacteria. J Dairy Res. 1981 Jun;48(2):363–376. doi: 10.1017/s0022029900021798. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Demko G. M., Blanton S. J., Benoit R. E. Heterofermentative carbohydrate metabolism of lactose-impaired mutants of Streptococcus lactis. J Bacteriol. 1972 Dec;112(3):1335–1345. doi: 10.1128/jb.112.3.1335-1345.1972. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. HIRSCH A. Growth and nisin production of a strain of Streptococcus lactis. J Gen Microbiol. 1951 Feb;5(1):208–221. doi: 10.1099/00221287-5-1-208. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Hartree E. F. Determination of protein: a modification of the Lowry method that gives a linear photometric response. Anal Biochem. 1972 Aug;48(2):422–427. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(72)90094-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Hengstenberg W., Morse M. L. 6-phospho-beta-D-galactosidase. Methods Enzymol. 1975;42:491–494. doi: 10.1016/0076-6879(75)42156-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Johnson K. G., McDonald I. J. Beta-D-phosphogalactoside galactohydrolase from Streptococcus cremoris HP: purification and enzyme properties. J Bacteriol. 1974 Feb;117(2):667–674. doi: 10.1128/jb.117.2.667-674.1974. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Klaenhammer T. R., McKay L. L., Baldwin K. A. Improved lysis of group N streptococci for isolation and rapid characterization of plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1978 Mar;35(3):592–600. doi: 10.1128/aem.35.3.592-600.1978. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Kuhl S. A., Larsen L. D., McKay L. L. Plasmid Profiles of Lactose-Negative and Proteinase-Deficient Mutants of Streptococcus lactis C10, ML(3), and M18. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1979 Jun;37(6):1193–1195. doi: 10.1128/aem.37.6.1193-1195.1979. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. LeBlanc D. J., Crow V. L., Lee L. N., Garon C. F. Influence of the lactose plasmid on the metabolism of galactose by Streptococcus lactis. J Bacteriol. 1979 Feb;137(2):878–884. doi: 10.1128/jb.137.2.878-884.1979. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Leblanc D. J., Lee L. N. Rapid screening procedure for detection of plasmids in streptococci. J Bacteriol. 1979 Dec;140(3):1112–1115. doi: 10.1128/jb.140.3.1112-1115.1979. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. McKay L. L., Baldwin K. A. Simultaneous loss of proteinase- and lactose-utilizing enzyme activities in Streptococcus lactis and reversal of loss by transduction. Appl Microbiol. 1974 Sep;28(3):342–346. doi: 10.1128/am.28.3.342-346.1974. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. McKay L. L., Baldwin K. A., Zottola E. A. Loss of lactose metabolism in lactic streptococci. Appl Microbiol. 1972 Jun;23(6):1090–1096. doi: 10.1128/am.23.6.1090-1096.1972. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. McKay L., Miller A., 3rd, Sandine W. E., Elliker P. R. Mechanisms of lactose utilization by lactic acid streptococci: enzymatic and genetic analyses. J Bacteriol. 1970 Jun;102(3):804–809. doi: 10.1128/jb.102.3.804-809.1970. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Molskness T. A., Sandine W. E., Brown L. R. Characterization of lac+ transductants of Streptococcus lactis. Appl Microbiol. 1974 Nov;28(5):753–758. doi: 10.1128/am.28.5.753-758.1974. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Park Y. H., McKay L. L. Distinct galactose phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system in Streptococcus lactis. J Bacteriol. 1982 Feb;149(2):420–425. doi: 10.1128/jb.149.2.420-425.1982. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Schäfer A., Schrecker O., Hengstenberg W. The staphylococcal phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system. Purification and characterisation of the galactoside-specific membrane-component enzyme II. Eur J Biochem. 1981 Jan;113(2):289–294. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1981.tb05065.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Snook R. J., McKay L. L. Conjugal Transfer of Lactose-Fermenting Ability Among Streptococcus cremoris and Streptococcus lactis Strains. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1981 Nov;42(5):904–911. doi: 10.1128/aem.42.5.904-911.1981. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Thomas T. D., Ellwood D. C., Longyear V. M. Change from homo- to heterolactic fermentation by Streptococcus lactis resulting from glucose limitation in anaerobic chemostat cultures. J Bacteriol. 1979 Apr;138(1):109–117. doi: 10.1128/jb.138.1.109-117.1979. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Thomas T. D., Jarvis B. D., Skipper N. A. Localization of proteinase(s) near the cell surface of Streptococcus lactis. J Bacteriol. 1974 May;118(2):329–333. doi: 10.1128/jb.118.2.329-333.1974. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Thomas T. D. Regulation of lactose fermentation in group N streptococci. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1976 Oct;32(4):474–478. doi: 10.1128/aem.32.4.474-478.1976. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Thomas T. D., Turner K. W., Crow V. L. Galactose fermentation by Streptococcus lactis and Streptococcus cremoris: pathways, products, and regulation. J Bacteriol. 1980 Nov;144(2):672–682. doi: 10.1128/jb.144.2.672-682.1980. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Thompson J. Galactose transport systems in Streptococcus lactis. J Bacteriol. 1980 Nov;144(2):683–691. doi: 10.1128/jb.144.2.683-691.1980. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Thompson J. Lactose metabolism in Streptococcus lactis: phosphorylation of galactose and glucose moieties in vivo. J Bacteriol. 1979 Dec;140(3):774–785. doi: 10.1128/jb.140.3.774-785.1979. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Walsh P. M., McKay L. L. Recombinant plasmid associated cell aggregation and high-frequency conjugation of Streptococcus lactis ML3. J Bacteriol. 1981 Jun;146(3):937–944. doi: 10.1128/jb.146.3.937-944.1981. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Journal of Bacteriology are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

RESOURCES