Abstract
The formation of a nascent peptidoglycan-group-specific antigen of type III group B Streptococcus at the cell membrane level was demonstrated with an M-1 mutanolysin-prepared protoplast system. Protoplasts of group B streptococci in suitably stabilized medium (20% sucrose) readily incorporated [3H]acetate into cell surface macromolecules. Four major polysaccharides were isolated from the protoplast cultural supernatant fluid: the peptidoglycan group-specific antigen polymer, the group B-specific antigen, and the low-molecular-weight and high-molecular-weight forms of the type III polysaccharide antigen. Biosynthesis of all four polymers was not affected by the action of chloramphenicol, indicating protein synthesis was not required for the production of polysaccharide in this system. However, all but the low-molecular-weight type III antigen were inhibited by the action of bacitracin, suggesting that three of the polymers share a common synthesis-assembly site in the membrane. Attachment of the high-molecular-weight antigen to the nascent peptidoglycan-group B antigen complex did not occur in the protoplast system, suggesting that a more complex cell wall matrix may be necessary before linkage of the high-molecular-weight antigen takes place.
Full text
PDF









Images in this article
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- AMINOFF D. Methods for the quantitative estimation of N-acetylneuraminic acid and their application to hydrolysates of sialomucoids. Biochem J. 1961 Nov;81:384–392. doi: 10.1042/bj0810384. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Anderson R. G., Hussey H., Baddiley J. The mechanism of wall synthesis in bacteria. The organization of enzymes and isoprenoid phosphates in the membrane. Biochem J. 1972 Mar;127(1):11–25. doi: 10.1042/bj1270011. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Anthony B. F., Okada D. M. The emergence of group B streptococci in infections of the newborn infant. Annu Rev Med. 1977;28:355–369. doi: 10.1146/annurev.me.28.020177.002035. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Baker C. J. Group B streptococcal infections. Adv Intern Med. 1980;25:475–501. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Bertram K. C., Hancock I. C., Baddiley J. Synthesis of teichoic acid by Bacillus subtilis protoplasts. J Bacteriol. 1981 Nov;148(2):406–412. doi: 10.1128/jb.148.2.406-412.1981. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Braun V. Covalent lipoprotein from the outer membrane of Escherichia coli. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1975 Oct 31;415(3):335–377. doi: 10.1016/0304-4157(75)90013-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- CURTIS S. N., KRAUSE R. M. ANTIGENIC RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN GROUPS B AND G STREPTOCOCCI. J Exp Med. 1964 Oct 1;120:629–637. doi: 10.1084/jem.120.4.629. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Calandra G. B., Cole R. M. Lysis and protoplast formation of group B streptococci by mutanolysin. Infect Immun. 1980 Jun;28(3):1033–1037. doi: 10.1128/iai.28.3.1033-1037.1980. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Carey R. B., Eisenstein T. K., Shockman G. D., Greber T. F., Swenson R. M. Soluble group- and type-specific antigens from type III group B Streptococcus. Infect Immun. 1980 Apr;28(1):195–203. doi: 10.1128/iai.28.1.195-203.1980. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- De Cueninck B. J., Shockman G. D., Swenson R. M. Group B, type III streptococcal cell wall: composition and structural aspects revealed through endo-N-acetylmuramidase-catalyzed hydrolysis. Infect Immun. 1982 Feb;35(2):572–581. doi: 10.1128/iai.35.2.572-581.1982. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Doran T. I., Mattingly S. J. Association of type- and group-specific antigens with the cell wall of serotype III group B streptococcus. Infect Immun. 1982 Jun;36(3):1115–1122. doi: 10.1128/iai.36.3.1115-1122.1982. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Doran T. I., Straus D. C., Mattingly S. J. Extracellular antigens of serotype III group B streptococci. Infect Immun. 1980 Dec;30(3):890–893. doi: 10.1128/iai.30.3.890-893.1980. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Doran T. I., Straus D. C., Mattingly S. J. Factors influencing release of type III antigens by group B streptococci. Infect Immun. 1981 Feb;31(2):615–623. doi: 10.1128/iai.31.2.615-623.1981. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- FREIMER E. H., KRAUSE R. M., McCARTY M. Studies of L forms and protoplasts of group A streptococci. I. Isolation, growth, and bacteriologic characteristics. J Exp Med. 1959 Dec 1;110:853–874. doi: 10.1084/jem.110.6.853. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Joseph R., Shockman G. D. Autolytic formation of protoplasts (autoplasts) of Streptococcus faecalis 9790: release of cell wall, autolysin, and formation of stable autoplasts. J Bacteriol. 1974 May;118(2):735–746. doi: 10.1128/jb.118.2.735-746.1974. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kessler R. E., Shockman G. D. Enzymatic deacylation of lipoteichoic acid by protoplasts of Streptococcus faecium (Streptococcus faecalis ATCC 9790). J Bacteriol. 1979 Mar;137(3):1176–1179. doi: 10.1128/jb.137.3.1176-1179.1979. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lancefield R. C., McCarty M., Everly W. N. Multiple mouse-protective antibodies directed against group B streptococci. Special reference to antibodies effective against protein antigens. J Exp Med. 1975 Jul 1;142(1):165–179. doi: 10.1084/jem.142.1.165. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- MARKOVITZ A., DORFMAN A. Synthesis of capsular polysaccharide (hyaluronic acid) by protoplastmembrane preparations of group A Streptococcus. J Biol Chem. 1962 Feb;237:273–279. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Mett H., Bracha R., Mirelman D. Soluble nascent peptidoglycan in growing Escherichia coli cells. J Biol Chem. 1980 Oct 25;255(20):9884–9890. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Parks L. C., Shockman G. D., Higgins M. L. Growth of Streptococcus mutans protoplasts is not inhibited by penicillin. J Bacteriol. 1980 Sep;143(3):1491–1497. doi: 10.1128/jb.143.3.1491-1497.1980. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- ROSEN H. A modified ninhydrin colorimetric analysis for amino acids. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1957 Mar;67(1):10–15. doi: 10.1016/0003-9861(57)90241-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Rana R. S., Halvorson H. O. Method for restricting incorporation of radioactivity from 3 H-thymidine into deoxyribonucleic acid only during outgrowth of spores of Bacillus cereus T. J Bacteriol. 1972 Feb;109(2):599–605. doi: 10.1128/jb.109.2.599-605.1972. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Rosenthal R. S., Jungkind D., Daneo-Moore L., Shockman G. D. Evidence for the synthesis of soluble peptidoglycan fragments by protoplasts of Streptococcus faecalis. J Bacteriol. 1975 Oct;124(1):398–409. doi: 10.1128/jb.124.1.398-409.1975. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Roth G. S., Shockman G. D., Daneo-Moore L. Balanced macromolecular biosynthesis in "protoplasts" of Streptococcus faecalis. J Bacteriol. 1971 Mar;105(3):710–717. doi: 10.1128/jb.105.3.710-717.1971. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Schleifer K. H., Kandler O. Peptidoglycan types of bacterial cell walls and their taxonomic implications. Bacteriol Rev. 1972 Dec;36(4):407–477. doi: 10.1128/br.36.4.407-477.1972. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Siegel J. L., Hurst S. F., Liberman E. S., Coleman S. E., Bleiweis A. S. Mutanolysin-induced spheroplasts of Streptococcus mutants are true protoplasts. Infect Immun. 1981 Feb;31(2):808–815. doi: 10.1128/iai.31.2.808-815.1981. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Storm D. R., Strominger J. L. Complex formation between bacitracin peptides and isoprenyl pyrophosphates. The specificity of lipid-peptide interactions. J Biol Chem. 1973 Jun 10;248(11):3940–3945. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Terleckyj B., Willett N. P., Shockman G. D. Growth of several cariogenic strains of oral streptococci in a chemically defined medium. Infect Immun. 1975 Apr;11(4):649–655. doi: 10.1128/iai.11.4.649-655.1975. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Troy F. A., Frerman F. E., Heath E. C. The biosynthesis of capsular polysaccharide in Aerobacter aerogenes. J Biol Chem. 1971 Jan 10;246(1):118–133. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Vann W. F., Liu T. Y., Robbins J. B. Cell-free biosynthesis of the O-acetylated N-acetylneuraminic acid capsular polysaccharide of group C meningococci. J Bacteriol. 1978 Mar;133(3):1300–1306. doi: 10.1128/jb.133.3.1300-1306.1978. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- WITTNER M. K., HAYASHI J. A. STUDIES OF STREPTOCOCCAL CELL WALLS. VII. CARBOHYDRATE COMPOSITION OF GROUP B CELL WALLS. J Bacteriol. 1965 Feb;89:398–402. doi: 10.1128/jb.89.2.398-402.1965. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Wilkinson H. W., Eagon R. G. Type-specific antigens of group B type Ic streptococci. Infect Immun. 1971 Nov;4(5):596–604. doi: 10.1128/iai.4.5.596-604.1971. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Wilkinson H. W. Group B streptococcal infection in humans. Annu Rev Microbiol. 1978;32:41–57. doi: 10.1146/annurev.mi.32.100178.000353. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Wilkinson H. W. Immunochemistry of purified polysaccharide type antigens of group B streptococcal types Ia, Ib, and Ic. Infect Immun. 1975 Apr;11(4):845–852. doi: 10.1128/iai.11.4.845-852.1975. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]