Abstract
The 2 microns circle plasmid is maintained at high frequencies in populations of yeast cells. To find out how the plasmid is maintained, three forces were measured: the selective advantage or disadvantage conferred by 2 microns circles, the rate of generation of [Cir0] cells, and the rate of illegitimate transfer of 2 microns circles from cell to cell. It was found that under the conditions used, 2 microns circles confer a selective disadvantage of about 1%, that [Cir0] cells are generated at the rate of 7.6 x 10(-5) per [Cir+] cell per generation, and that illegitimate transfer of 2 microns circles occurs at a rate less than 10(-7) per recipient cell per generation. The most likely explanation of 2 microns circle maintenance is that the plasmid is sexually transmitted at such a rate that it spreads through populations despite selection against it.
Full text
PDF










Images in this article
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Anderson J. D. The effect of R-factor carriage on the survival of Escherichia coli in the human intestine. J Med Microbiol. 1974 Feb;7(1):85–90. doi: 10.1099/00222615-7-1-85. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Anderson T. F., Lustbader E. Inheritability of plasmids and population dynamics of cultured cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1975 Oct;72(10):4085–4089. doi: 10.1073/pnas.72.10.4085. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Beggs J. D. Transformation of yeast by a replicating hybrid plasmid. Nature. 1978 Sep 14;275(5676):104–109. doi: 10.1038/275104a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Broach J. R., Hicks J. B. Replication and recombination functions associated with the yeast plasmid, 2 mu circle. Cell. 1980 Sep;21(2):501–508. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(80)90487-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Cameron J. R., Philippsen P., Davis R. W. Analysis of chromosomal integration and deletions of yeast plasmids. Nucleic Acids Res. 1977;4(5):1429–1448. doi: 10.1093/nar/4.5.1429. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Cavalier-Smith T. Nuclear volume control by nucleoskeletal DNA, selection for cell volume and cell growth rate, and the solution of the DNA C-value paradox. J Cell Sci. 1978 Dec;34:247–278. doi: 10.1242/jcs.34.1.247. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Christiansen C., Bak A. L., Stenderup A., Christiansen G. Repetitive DNA in yeasts. Nat New Biol. 1971 Jun 9;231(23):176–177. doi: 10.1038/newbio231176a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Clark-Walker G. D., Miklos G. L. Localization and quantification of circular DNA in yeast. Eur J Biochem. 1974 Jan 16;41(2):359–365. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1974.tb03278.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Conde J., Fink G. R. A mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae defective for nuclear fusion. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1976 Oct;73(10):3651–3655. doi: 10.1073/pnas.73.10.3651. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gerbaud C., Fournier P., Blanc H., Aigle M., Heslot H., Guerineau M. High frequency of yeast transformation by plasmids carrying part or entire 2-micron yeast plasmid. Gene. 1979 Mar;5(3):233–253. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(79)90080-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Grunstein M., Wallis J. Colony hybridization. Methods Enzymol. 1979;68:379–389. doi: 10.1016/0076-6879(79)68027-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Guerineau M., Grandchamp C., Slonimski P. P. Circular DNA of a yeast episome with two inverted repeats: structural analysis by a restriction enzyme and electron microscopy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1976 Sep;73(9):3030–3034. doi: 10.1073/pnas.73.9.3030. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Guerineau M., Slonimski P. P., Avner P. R. Yeast episome: oligomycin resistance associated with a small covalently closed non-mitochondrial circular DNA. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1974 Nov 27;61(2):462–469. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(74)90979-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gunge N., Tamaru A., Ozawa F., Sakaguchi K. Isolation and characterization of linear deoxyribonucleic acid plasmids from Kluyveromyces lactis and the plasmid-associated killer character. J Bacteriol. 1981 Jan;145(1):382–390. doi: 10.1128/jb.145.1.382-390.1981. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hinnen A., Hicks J. B., Fink G. R. Transformation of yeast. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1978 Apr;75(4):1929–1933. doi: 10.1073/pnas.75.4.1929. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Jones R. N. B-chromosome systems in flowering plants and animal species. Int Rev Cytol. 1975;40:1–100. doi: 10.1016/s0074-7696(08)60951-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lauer G. D., Roberts T. M., Klotz L. C. Determination of the nuclear DNA content of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and implications for the organization of DNA in yeast chromosomes. J Mol Biol. 1977 Aug 25;114(4):507–526. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(77)90175-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Livingston D. M., Hahne S. Isolation of a condensed, intracellular form of the 2-micrometer DNA plasmid of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1979 Aug;76(8):3727–3731. doi: 10.1073/pnas.76.8.3727. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Livingston D. M. Inheritance of the 2 micrometer m DNA plasmid from Saccharomyces. Genetics. 1977 May;86(1):73–84. doi: 10.1093/genetics/86.1.73. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Saunders G. W., Rank G. H., Kustermann-Kuhn B., Hollenberg C. P. Inheritance of multiple drug resistance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: linkage to leu1 and analyses of 2 micron DNA in partial revertants. Mol Gen Genet. 1979 Aug;175(1):45–52. doi: 10.1007/BF00267854. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Sigurdson D. C., Gaarder M. E., Livingston D. M. Characterization of the transmission during cytoductant formation of the 2 micrometers DNA plasmid from Saccharomyces. Mol Gen Genet. 1981;183(1):59–65. doi: 10.1007/BF00270139. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Sinclair J. H., Stevens B. J., Sanghavi P., Rabinowitz M. Mitochondrial-satellite and circular DNA filaments in yeast. Science. 1967 Jun 2;156(3779):1234–1237. doi: 10.1126/science.156.3779.1234. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Slonimski P. P., Perrodin G., Croft J. H. Ethidium bromide induced mutation of yeast mitochondria: complete transformation of cells into respiratory deficient non-chromosomal "petites". Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1968 Feb 15;30(3):232–239. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(68)90440-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Southern E. M. Detection of specific sequences among DNA fragments separated by gel electrophoresis. J Mol Biol. 1975 Nov 5;98(3):503–517. doi: 10.1016/s0022-2836(75)80083-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Stewart F. M., Levin B. R. The Population Biology of Bacterial Plasmids: A PRIORI Conditions for the Existence of Conjugationally Transmitted Factors. Genetics. 1977 Oct;87(2):209–228. doi: 10.1093/genetics/87.2.209. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Storms R. K., McNeil J. B., Khandekar P. S., An G., Parker J., Friesen J. D. Chimeric plasmids for cloning of deoxyribonucleic acid sequences in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Bacteriol. 1979 Oct;140(1):73–82. doi: 10.1128/jb.140.1.73-82.1979. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Tabak H. F. Absence of 2 micrometer DNA sequences in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Y 379-5D. FEBS Lett. 1977 Dec 1;84(1):67–70. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(77)81058-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Taketo M., Jazwinski S. M., Edelman G. M. Association of the 2-micron DNA plasmid with yeast folded chromosomes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1980 Jun;77(6):3144–3148. doi: 10.1073/pnas.77.6.3144. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Thomas D. Y., James A. P. Genetic analysis of Saccharomyces cerevisiae transformed by plasmid containing a supressor transfer ribonucleic acid gene. J Bacteriol. 1980 Sep;143(3):1179–1186. doi: 10.1128/jb.143.3.1179-1186.1980. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Thomas P. S. Hybridization of denatured RNA and small DNA fragments transferred to nitrocellulose. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1980 Sep;77(9):5201–5205. doi: 10.1073/pnas.77.9.5201. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Toh-e A., Guerry-Kopecko P., Wickner R. B. A stable plasmid carrying the yeast Leu2 gene and containing only yeast deoxyribonucleic acid. J Bacteriol. 1980 Jan;141(1):413–416. doi: 10.1128/jb.141.1.413-416.1980. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Wahl G. M., Stern M., Stark G. R. Efficient transfer of large DNA fragments from agarose gels to diazobenzyloxymethyl-paper and rapid hybridization by using dextran sulfate. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1979 Aug;76(8):3683–3687. doi: 10.1073/pnas.76.8.3683. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Zakian V. A., Brewer B. J., Fangman W. L. Replication of each copy of the yeast 2 micron DNA plasmid occurs during the S phase. Cell. 1979 Aug;17(4):923–934. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(79)90332-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]


