Skip to main content
Journal of Bacteriology logoLink to Journal of Bacteriology
. 1979 Mar;137(3):1282–1289. doi: 10.1128/jb.137.3.1282-1289.1979

Relation between the adenylylation state of glutamine synthetase and the expression of other genes involved in nitrogen metabolism.

R B Goldberg, R Hanau
PMCID: PMC218311  PMID: 35515

Abstract

We have partially characterized the biochemical parameters of glutamine synthetase from Klebsiella pneumoniae and have shown that the differential affinity of adenylylated and unadenylylated glutamine synthetase for adenosine diphosphate provides a convenient means of determining the adenylylation state. Using this assay procedure, we examined the relationship between the adenylylation state and the expression of other genes involved in nitrogen assimilation. We observed no correlation between the adenylylation state and the expression of histidase, glutamine synthetase, glutamate synthase, glutamate dehydrogenase, and urease in aerobic cultures.

Full text

PDF
1282

Images in this article

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Adler S. P., Purich D., Stadtman E. R. Cascade control of Escherichia coli glutamine synthetase. Properties of the PII regulatory protein and the uridylyltransferase-uridylyl-removing enzyme. J Biol Chem. 1975 Aug 25;250(16):6264–6272. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Bancroft S., Rhee S. G., Neumann C., Kustu S. Mutations that alter the covalent modification of glutamine synthetase in Salmonella typhimurium. J Bacteriol. 1978 Jun;134(3):1046–1055. doi: 10.1128/jb.134.3.1046-1055.1978. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Bender R. A., Janssen K. A., Resnick A. D., Blumenberg M., Foor F., Magasanik B. Biochemical parameters of glutamine synthetase from Klebsiella aerogenes. J Bacteriol. 1977 Feb;129(2):1001–1009. doi: 10.1128/jb.129.2.1001-1009.1977. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Bender R. A., Magasanik B. Regulatory mutations in the Klebsiella aerogenes structural gene for glutamine synthetase. J Bacteriol. 1977 Oct;132(1):100–105. doi: 10.1128/jb.132.1.100-105.1977. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Bloom F. R., Streicher S. L., Tyler B. Regulation of enzyme synthesis by the glutamine synthetase of Salmonella typhimurium: a factor in addition to glutamine synthetase is required for activation of enzyme formation. J Bacteriol. 1977 Jun;130(3):983–990. doi: 10.1128/jb.130.3.983-990.1977. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Brenchley J. E., Prival M. J., Magasanik B. Regulation of the synthesis of enzymes responsible for glutamate formation in Klebsiella aerogenes. J Biol Chem. 1973 Sep 10;248(17):6122–6128. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Brown M. S., Segal A., Stadtman E. R. Modulation of glutamine synthetase adenylylation and deadenylylation is mediated by metabolic transformation of the P II -regulatory protein. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1971 Dec;68(12):2949–2953. doi: 10.1073/pnas.68.12.2949. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Chock P. B., Huang C. Y., Timmons R. B., Stadtman E. R. Epsilon-adenylylated glutamine synthetase: an internal fluorescence probe for enzyme conformation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1973 Nov;70(11):3134–3138. doi: 10.1073/pnas.70.11.3134. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Foor F., Janssen K. A., Magasanik B. Regulation of synthesis of glutamine synthetase by adenylylated glutamine synthetase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1975 Dec;72(12):4844–4848. doi: 10.1073/pnas.72.12.4844. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Friedrich B., Magasanik B. Urease of Klebsiella aerogenes: control of its synthesis by glutamine synthetase. J Bacteriol. 1977 Aug;131(2):446–452. doi: 10.1128/jb.131.2.446-452.1977. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Gaillardin C. M., Magasanik B. Involvement of the product of the glnF gene in the autogenous regulation of glutamine synthetase formation in Klebsiella aerogenes. J Bacteriol. 1978 Mar;133(3):1329–1338. doi: 10.1128/jb.133.3.1329-1338.1978. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Garcia E., Bancroft S., Rhee S. G., Kustu S. The product of a newly identified gene, gInF, is required for synthesis of glutamine synthetase in Salmonella. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Apr;74(4):1662–1666. doi: 10.1073/pnas.74.4.1662. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Goldberg R. B., Bloom F. R., Magasanik B. Regulation of histidase synthesis in intergeneric hybrids of enteric bacteria. J Bacteriol. 1976 Jul;127(1):114–119. doi: 10.1128/jb.127.1.114-119.1976. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Gross C., Engbaek F., Flammang T., Burgess R. Rapid micromethod for the purification of Escherichia coli ribonucleic acid polymerase and the preparation of bacterial extracts active in ribonucleic acid synthesis. J Bacteriol. 1976 Oct;128(1):382–389. doi: 10.1128/jb.128.1.382-389.1976. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Janssen K. A., Magasanik B. Glutamine synthetase of Klebsiella aerogenes: genetic and physiological properties of mutants in the adenylylation system. J Bacteriol. 1977 Feb;129(2):993–1000. doi: 10.1128/jb.129.2.993-1000.1977. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Kustu S. G., McKereghan K. Mutations affecting glutamine synthetase activity in Salmonella typhimurium. J Bacteriol. 1975 Jun;122(3):1006–1016. doi: 10.1128/jb.122.3.1006-1016.1975. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. LOWRY O. H., ROSEBROUGH N. J., FARR A. L., RANDALL R. J. Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. J Biol Chem. 1951 Nov;193(1):265–275. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Laemmli U. K. Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature. 1970 Aug 15;227(5259):680–685. doi: 10.1038/227680a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Magasanik B. Classical and postclassical modes of regulation of the synthesis of degradative bacterial enzymes. Prog Nucleic Acid Res Mol Biol. 1976;17:99–115. doi: 10.1016/s0079-6603(08)60067-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Magasanik B., Prival M. J., Brenchley J. E., Tyler B. M., DeLeo A. B., Streicher S. L., Bender R. A., Paris C. G. Glutamine synthetase as a regulator of enzyme synthesis. Curr Top Cell Regul. 1974;8(0):119–138. doi: 10.1016/b978-0-12-152808-9.50010-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Prival M. J., Brenchley J. E., Magasanik B. Glutamine synthetase and the regulation of histidase formation in Klebsiella aerogenes. J Biol Chem. 1973 Jun 25;248(12):4334–4344. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Prival M. J., Magasanik B. Resistance to catabolite repression of histidase and proline oxidase during nitrogen-limited growth of Klebsiella aerogenes. J Biol Chem. 1971 Oct 25;246(20):6288–6296. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Resnick A. D., Magasanik B. L-Asparaginase of Klebsiella aerogenes. Activation of its synthesis by glutamine synthetase. J Biol Chem. 1976 May 10;251(9):2722–2728. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Schutt H., Holzer H. Biological function of the ammonia-induced inactivation of glutamine synthetase in Escherichia coli. Eur J Biochem. 1972 Mar 15;26(1):68–72. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1972.tb01740.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Streicher S. L., Bender R. A., Magasanik B. Genetic control of glutamine synthetase in Klebiella aerogenes. J Bacteriol. 1975 Jan;121(1):320–331. doi: 10.1128/jb.121.1.320-331.1975. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Streicher S. L., Deleo A. B., Magasanik B. Regulation of enzyme formation in Klebsiella aerogenes by episomal glutamine synthetase of Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol. 1976 Jul;127(1):184–192. doi: 10.1128/jb.127.1.184-192.1976. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Streicher S. L., Shanmugam K. T., Ausubel F., Morandi C., Goldberg R. B. Regulation of nitrogen fixation in Klebsiella pneumoniae: evidence for a role of glutamine synthetase as a regulator of nitrogenase synthesis. J Bacteriol. 1974 Nov;120(2):815–821. doi: 10.1128/jb.120.2.815-821.1974. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Tronick S. R., Ciardi J. E., Stadtman E. R. Comparative biochemical and immunological studies of bacterial glutamine synthetases. J Bacteriol. 1973 Sep;115(3):858–868. doi: 10.1128/jb.115.3.858-868.1973. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Tubb R. S. Glutamine synthetase and ammonium regulation of nitrogenase synthesis in Klebsiella. Nature. 1974 Oct 11;251(5475):481–485. doi: 10.1038/251481a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Tyler B., Deleo A. B., Magasanik B. Activation of transcription of hut DNA by glutamine synthetase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1974 Jan;71(1):225–229. doi: 10.1073/pnas.71.1.225. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Wulff K., Mecke D., Holzer H. Mechanism of the enzymatic inactivation of glutamine synthetase from E. coli. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1967 Sep 7;28(5):740–745. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(67)90378-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Journal of Bacteriology are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

RESOURCES