Skip to main content
The Journal of Experimental Medicine logoLink to The Journal of Experimental Medicine
. 1978 Dec 1;148(6):1579–1591. doi: 10.1084/jem.148.6.1579

In vitro generation of antigen-specific helper T cells that collaborate with cytotoxic T-cell precursors

PMCID: PMC2185115  PMID: 309924

Abstract

Antigen-specific helper T cells are required in the generation of cytotoxic T cells from thymocyte precursors. We have demonstrated that these alloantigen-specific helper cells can be generated in vitro and that both the quantity and quality of the helpers appear to be superior to the help obtained from unprimed spleen cells. Optimal helper cell activity is produced at day two of culture when CBA splenic helper precursors are stimulated by irradiated allogeneic spleen cells. Helper cell precursors are antigen-specific cells which cannot be instructed to express forbidden receptor specificities and bear theta antigen on their surface. The helper effectors are radioresistant, theta-bearing, and antigen-specific cells.

Full Text

The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (866.6 KB).

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Boyse E. A., Hubbard L., Stockert E., Lamm M. E. Improved complementation in the cytotoxic test. Transplantation. 1970 Nov;10(5):446–449. doi: 10.1097/00007890-197011000-00019. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Bretscher P. A. On the control between cell-mediated, IgM and IgG immunity. Cell Immunol. 1974 Aug;13(2):171–195. doi: 10.1016/0008-8749(74)90237-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Cantor H., Boyse E. A. Functional subclasses of T lymphocytes bearing different Ly antigens. II. Cooperation between subclasses of Ly+ cells in the generation of killer activity. J Exp Med. 1975 Jun 1;141(6):1390–1399. doi: 10.1084/jem.141.6.1390. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Cohen L., Howe M. L. Synergism between subpopulations of thymus-derived cells mediating the proliferative and effector phases of the mixed lymphocyte reaction. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1973 Sep;70(9):2707–2710. doi: 10.1073/pnas.70.9.2707. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Dyminski J. W., Smith R. T. Generation of cytotoxic effector cells by immunocompetent thymus cell subpopulations. J Exp Med. 1977 Aug 1;146(2):412–421. doi: 10.1084/jem.146.2.412. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Erb P., Feldmann M. The role of macrophages in the generation of T-helper cells. I. The requirement for macrophages in helper cell induction and characteristics of the macrophage-T cell interaction. Cell Immunol. 1975 Oct;19(2):356–367. doi: 10.1016/0008-8749(75)90217-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Feldmann M., Kilburn D. G., Levy J. T-T interaction in the generation of helper cells in vitro. Nature. 1975 Aug 28;256(5520):741–743. doi: 10.1038/256741a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Julius M. H., Simpson E., Herzenberg L. A. A rapid method for the isolation of functional thymus-derived murine lymphocytes. Eur J Immunol. 1973 Oct;3(10):645–649. doi: 10.1002/eji.1830031011. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Lafferty K., Ryan M., Misko I. An improved system for the assay of stimulation in mouse mixed leucocyte cultures. J Immunol Methods. 1974 Mar;4(2):263–273. doi: 10.1016/0022-1759(74)90069-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Marbrook J., Haskill J. S. The in vitro response to sheep erythrocytes by mouse spleen cells: segregation of distinct events leading to antibody formation. Cell Immunol. 1974 Jul;13(1):12–21. doi: 10.1016/0008-8749(74)90222-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. McDougal J. S., Gordon D. S. Generation of T-helper cells in vitro. I. Cellular and antigen requirements. J Exp Med. 1977 Mar 1;145(3):676–692. doi: 10.1084/jem.145.3.676. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Miller J. F., Mitchell G. F. Cell to cell interaction in the immune response. V. Target cells for tolerance induction. J Exp Med. 1970 Apr 1;131(4):675–699. doi: 10.1084/jem.131.4.675. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Miller R. G., Teh H. S., Harley E., Phillips R. A. Quantitative studies of the activation of cytotoxic lymphocyte precursor cells. Immunol Rev. 1977;35:38–58. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.1977.tb00234.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Mitchison N. A. The carrier effect in the secondary response to hapten-protein conjugates. II. Cellular cooperation. Eur J Immunol. 1971 Jan;1(1):18–27. doi: 10.1002/eji.1830010104. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Peavy D. L., Pierce C. W. Cell-mediated immune responses in vitro. II. Simultaneous generation of cytotoxic lymphocyte responses to two sets of alloantigens of limited cross-reactivity. J Immunol. 1975 Dec;115(6):1515–1520. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Pilarski L. M. A requirement for antigen-specific helper T cells in the generation of cytotoxic T cells from thymocyte precursors. J Exp Med. 1977 Mar 1;145(3):709–725. doi: 10.1084/jem.145.3.709. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Wagner H. Synergy during in vitro cytotoxic allograft responses. I. Evidence for cell interaction between thymocytes and peripheral T cells. J Exp Med. 1973 Dec 1;138(6):1379–1397. doi: 10.1084/jem.138.6.1379. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Waldmann H. Conditions determining the generation and expression of T helper cells. Immunol Rev. 1977;35:121–145. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.1977.tb00238.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from The Journal of Experimental Medicine are provided here courtesy of The Rockefeller University Press

RESOURCES