Abstract
A helper factor(s) distinct from interleukin 2 (IL-2) was shown to be present in the concanavalin A-stimulated supernatant of normal mouse spleen cells (normal Con A Sn). Spleen cells thoroughly depleted of T cells required both IL-2 and this factor to produce antibody-secreting cells in response to sheep erythrocytes, although in the presence of IL- 2 and a few T cells the requirement for the factor was less apparent. The factor had an apparent approximately 40,000 mol wt. The factor was found in normal Con A Sn that had been depleted of IL-2 by absorption with IL-2-dependent T cells and was absent from Con A-stimulated supernatants of the IL-2-producing T cell hybridoma, FS6-14.13. These results indicate that multiple helper factors control the B cell response to antigen and that IL-2, in addition to its T cell growth promoting activity, plays a direct role in B cell responses.
Full Text
The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (1,004.6 KB).
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Araneo B. A., Marrack P. C., Kappler J. W. Functional heterogeneity among the T-derived lymphocytes of the mouse. II. Sensitivity of subpopulations to anti-thymocyte serum. J Immunol. 1975 Feb;114(2 Pt 2):747–751. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Farrar J. J., Koopman W. J., Fuller-Bonar J. Identification and partial purification of two synergistically acting helper mediators in human mixed leukocyte culture supernatants. J Immunol. 1977 Jul;119(1):47–54. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gillis S., Smith K. A., Watson J. Biochemical characterization of lymphocyte regulatory molecules. II. Purification of a class of rat and human lymphokines. J Immunol. 1980 Apr;124(4):1954–1962. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gillis S., Union N. A., Baker P. E., Smith K. A. The in vitro generation and sustained culture of nude mouse cytolytic T-lymphocytes. J Exp Med. 1979 Jun 1;149(6):1460–1476. doi: 10.1084/jem.149.6.1460. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Harwell L., Kappler J. W., Marrack P. Antigen-specific and nonspecific mediators of T cell/B cell cooperation. III. Characterization of the nonspecific mediator(s) from different sources. J Immunol. 1976 May;116(5):1379–1384. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Harwell L., Skidmore B., Marrack P., Kappler J. Concanavalin A-inducible, interleukin-2-producing T cell hybridoma. J Exp Med. 1980 Oct 1;152(4):893–904. doi: 10.1084/jem.152.4.893. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hoffmann M. K., Watson J. Helper T cell-replacing factors secreted by thymus-derived cells and macrophages: cellular requirements for B cell activation and synergistic properties. J Immunol. 1979 Apr;122(4):1371–1375. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hämmerling G. J., Hämmerling U., Flaherty L. Qat-4 and Qat-5, new murine T-cell antigens governed by the Tla region and identified by monoclonal antibodies. J Exp Med. 1979 Jul 1;150(1):108–116. doi: 10.1084/jem.150.1.108. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hünig T., Bevan M. J. Specificity of cytotoxic T cells from athymic mice. J Exp Med. 1980 Sep 1;152(3):688–702. doi: 10.1084/jem.152.3.688. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kappler J. W. A micro-technique for hemolytic plaque assays. J Immunol. 1974 Mar;112(3):1271–1274. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kappler J. W., Marrack P. The role of H-2-linked genes in helper T-cell function. I. In vitro expression in B cells of immune response genes controlling helper T-cell activity. J Exp Med. 1977 Dec 1;146(6):1748–1764. doi: 10.1084/jem.146.6.1748. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lachman L. B., Hacker M. P., Blyden G. T., Handschumacher R. E. Preparation of lymphocyte-activating factor from continuous murine macrophage cell lines. Cell Immunol. 1977 Dec;34(2):416–419. doi: 10.1016/0008-8749(77)90263-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Mishell R. I., Dutton R. W. Immunization of dissociated spleen cell cultures from normal mice. J Exp Med. 1967 Sep 1;126(3):423–442. doi: 10.1084/jem.126.3.423. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Mizel S. B., Mizel D. Purification to apparent homogeneity of murine interleukin 1. J Immunol. 1981 Mar;126(3):834–837. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Parker D. C. Induction and suppression of polyclonal antibody responses by anti-Ig reagents and antigen-nonspecific helper factors: a comparison of the effects of anti-Fab, anti-IgM, and anti IgD on murine B cells. Immunol Rev. 1980;52:115–139. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.1980.tb00333.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Schimpl A., Wecker E. A third signal in B cell activation given by TRF. Transplant Rev. 1975;23:176–188. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.1975.tb00157.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Swierkosz J. E., Marrack P., Kappler J. W. Functional analysis of T cells expressing Ia antigens. I. Demonstration of helper T-cell heterogeneity. J Exp Med. 1979 Dec 1;150(6):1293–1309. doi: 10.1084/jem.150.6.1293. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Waldmann H., Munro A. T cell-dependent mediator in the immune response. II. Physical and biological properties. Immunology. 1974 Jul;27(1):53–64. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Watson J., Aarden L. A., Shaw J., Paetkau V. Molecular and quantitative analysis of helper T cell-replacing factors on the induction of antigen-sensitive B and T lymphocytes. J Immunol. 1979 May;122(5):1633–1638. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Watson J. Continuous proliferation of murine antigen-specific helper T lymphocytes in culture. J Exp Med. 1979 Dec 1;150(6):1510–1519. doi: 10.1084/jem.150.6.1510. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Watson J., Gillis S., Marbrook J., Mochizuki D., Smith K. A. Biochemical and biological characterization of lymphocyte regulatory molecules. I. Purification of a class of murine lymphokines. J Exp Med. 1979 Oct 1;150(4):849–861. doi: 10.1084/jem.150.4.849. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Wood D. D., Cameron P. M. Stimulation of the release of a B cell-activating factor from human monocytes. Cell Immunol. 1976 Jan;21(1):133–145. doi: 10.1016/0008-8749(76)90334-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]