Abstract
Antibodies against a synthetic peptide representing the repetitive epitope of the circumsporozoite protein (CS) of Plasmodium knowlesi have properties similar to those of antibodies against the native protein. Either antibody reacts with the synthetic peptide, cross-links the CS protein on the membrane of the parasite giving the CSP reaction, and neutralizes the infectivity of sporozoites. The synthetic peptide and sporozoite extracts were equally effective when used in an immunoradiometric assay as antigens to detect antibodies to CS proteins. It is likely that the corresponding synthetic repeats from the human malaria parasites could be used to measure levels of anti- sporozoite antibodies in endemic areas, or to evaluate the humoral response to anti-sporozoite vaccines. The authors are grateful to Dr. Robert Gwadz, NIH, for supplying Anopheles mosquitoes and P. knowlesi sporozoites used in this study.
Full Text
The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (454.6 KB).
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Chou P. Y., Fasman G. D. Prediction of the secondary structure of proteins from their amino acid sequence. Adv Enzymol Relat Areas Mol Biol. 1978;47:45–148. doi: 10.1002/9780470122921.ch2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Cochrane A. H., Santoro F., Nussenzweig V., Gwadz R. W., Nussenzweig R. S. Monoclonal antibodies identify the protective antigens of sporozoites of Plasmodium knowlesi. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982 Sep;79(18):5651–5655. doi: 10.1073/pnas.79.18.5651. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ellis J., Ozaki L. S., Gwadz R. W., Cochrane A. H., Nussenzweig V., Nussenzweig R. S., Godson G. N. Cloning and expression in E. coli of the malarial sporozoite surface antigen gene from Plasmodium knowlesi. Nature. 1983 Apr 7;302(5908):536–538. doi: 10.1038/302536a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- GOODFRIEND T. L., LEVINE L., FASMAN G. D. ANTIBODIES TO BRADYKININ AND ANGIOTENSIN: A USE OF CARBODIIMIDES IN IMMUNOLOGY. Science. 1964 Jun 12;144(3624):1344–1346. doi: 10.1126/science.144.3624.1344. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Green N., Alexander H., Olson A., Alexander S., Shinnick T. M., Sutcliffe J. G., Lerner R. A. Immunogenic structure of the influenza virus hemagglutinin. Cell. 1982 Mar;28(3):477–487. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(82)90202-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gwadz R. W., Cochrane A. H., Nussenzweig V., Nussenzweig R. S. Preliminary studies on vaccination of rhesus monkeys with irradiated sporozoites of Plasmodium knowlesi and characterization of surface antigens of these parasites. Bull World Health Organ. 1979;57 (Suppl 1):165–173. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Towbin H., Staehelin T., Gordon J. Electrophoretic transfer of proteins from polyacrylamide gels to nitrocellulose sheets: procedure and some applications. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1979 Sep;76(9):4350–4354. doi: 10.1073/pnas.76.9.4350. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Vanderberg J., Nussenzweig R., Most H. Protective immunity produced by the injection of x-irradiated sporozoites of Plasmodium berghei. V. In vitro effects of immune serum on sporozoites. Mil Med. 1969 Sep;134(10):1183–1190. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Zavala F., Cochrane A. H., Nardin E. H., Nussenzweig R. S., Nussenzweig V. Circumsporozoite proteins of malaria parasites contain a single immunodominant region with two or more identical epitopes. J Exp Med. 1983 Jun 1;157(6):1947–1957. doi: 10.1084/jem.157.6.1947. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Zavala F., Gwadz R. W., Collins F. H., Nussenzweig R. S., Nussenzweig V. Monoclonal antibodies to circumsporozoite proteins identify the species of malaria parasite in infected mosquitoes. Nature. 1982 Oct 21;299(5885):737–738. doi: 10.1038/299737a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]