Skip to main content
NCBI home page
The Journal of Experimental Medicine logoLink to The Journal of Experimental Medicine
. 1990 Jun 1;171(6):2141–2146. doi: 10.1084/jem.171.6.2141

A polymorphic microsatellite in the tumor necrosis factor alpha promoter identifies an allele unique to the NZW mouse strain

PMCID: PMC2187966  PMID: 2351934

Abstract

We have amplified a (CA)n:(GT)n microsatellite from the TNF promoters of a panel of mouse strains using the polymerase chain reaction. The length of the microsatellites was polymorphic, with eight alleles observed among 15 inbred strains bearing seven distinct H-2 haplotypes, and four outbred strains. In B10 congenic strains, the TNF allele detected by microsatellite polymorphism segregated with the MHC, and in recombinant haplotypes (NOD, NZW), it segregated with H-2D. The TNF allele found in the NZW strain (H-2z) was distinct from those of all other haplotypes, consistent with the hypothesis that this strain may carry a genetic defect in TNF production.

Full Text

The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (413.9 KB).

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Acha-Orbea H., McDevitt H. O. The first external domain of the nonobese diabetic mouse class II I-A beta chain is unique. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Apr;84(8):2435–2439. doi: 10.1073/pnas.84.8.2435. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Altman A., Theofilopoulos A. N., Weiner R., Katz D. H., Dixon F. J. Analysis of T cell function in autoimmune murine strains. Defects in production and responsiveness to interleukin 2. J Exp Med. 1981 Sep 1;154(3):791–808. doi: 10.1084/jem.154.3.791. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Babcock S. K., Appel V. B., Schiff M., Palmer E., Kotzin B. L. Genetic analysis of the imperfect association of H-2 haplotype with lupus-like autoimmune disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Oct;86(19):7552–7555. doi: 10.1073/pnas.86.19.7552. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Beutler B., Cerami A. Tumor necrosis, cachexia, shock, and inflammation: a common mediator. Annu Rev Biochem. 1988;57:505–518. doi: 10.1146/annurev.bi.57.070188.002445. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Carroll M. C., Katzman P., Alicot E. M., Koller B. H., Geraghty D. E., Orr H. T., Strominger J. L., Spies T. Linkage map of the human major histocompatibility complex including the tumor necrosis factor genes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Dec;84(23):8535–8539. doi: 10.1073/pnas.84.23.8535. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Dunham I., Sargent C. A., Trowsdale J., Campbell R. D. Molecular mapping of the human major histocompatibility complex by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Oct;84(20):7237–7241. doi: 10.1073/pnas.84.20.7237. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Figueroa F., Tewarson S., Neufeld E., Klein J. H-2 haplotypes of strains DBR7, B10.NZW, NFS, BQ2, STU, TO1, and TO2. Immunogenetics. 1982;15(4):431–436. doi: 10.1007/BF00364267. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Jacob C. O., McDevitt H. O. Tumour necrosis factor-alpha in murine autoimmune 'lupus' nephritis. Nature. 1988 Jan 28;331(6154):356–358. doi: 10.1038/331356a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Kotzin B. L., Palmer E. The contribution of NZW genes to lupus-like disease in (NZB x NZW)F1 mice. J Exp Med. 1987 May 1;165(5):1237–1251. doi: 10.1084/jem.165.5.1237. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Litt M., Luty J. A. A hypervariable microsatellite revealed by in vitro amplification of a dinucleotide repeat within the cardiac muscle actin gene. Am J Hum Genet. 1989 Mar;44(3):397–401. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Müller U., Jongeneel C. V., Nedospasov S. A., Lindahl K. F., Steinmetz M. Tumour necrosis factor and lymphotoxin genes map close to H-2D in the mouse major histocompatibility complex. Nature. 1987 Jan 15;325(6101):265–267. doi: 10.1038/325265a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Nedospasov S. A., Hirt B., Shakhov A. N., Dobrynin V. N., Kawashima E., Accolla R. S., Jongeneel C. V. The genes for tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) and lymphotoxin (TNF-beta) are tandemly arranged on chromosome 17 of the mouse. Nucleic Acids Res. 1986 Oct 10;14(19):7713–7725. doi: 10.1093/nar/14.19.7713. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Nedospasov S. A., Shakhov A. N., Turetskaya R. L., Mett V. A., Azizov M. M., Georgiev G. P., Korobko V. G., Dobrynin V. N., Filippov S. A., Bystrov N. S. Tandem arrangement of genes coding for tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) and lymphotoxin (TNF-beta) in the human genome. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 1986;51(Pt 1):611–624. doi: 10.1101/sqb.1986.051.01.073. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Richter G., Qin Z. H., Diamantstein T., Blankenstein T. Analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphism in lymphokine genes of normal and autoimmune mice. J Exp Med. 1989 Oct 1;170(4):1439–1443. doi: 10.1084/jem.170.4.1439. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Saiki R. K., Gelfand D. H., Stoffel S., Scharf S. J., Higuchi R., Horn G. T., Mullis K. B., Erlich H. A. Primer-directed enzymatic amplification of DNA with a thermostable DNA polymerase. Science. 1988 Jan 29;239(4839):487–491. doi: 10.1126/science.2448875. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Schiffenbauer J., McCarthy D. M., Nygard N. R., Woulfe S. L., Didier D. K., Schwartz B. D. A unique sequence of the NZW I-E beta chain and its possible contribution to autoimmunity in the (NZB x NZW)F1 mouse. J Exp Med. 1989 Sep 1;170(3):971–984. doi: 10.1084/jem.170.3.971. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Semon D., Kawashima E., Jongeneel C. V., Shakhov A. N., Nedospasov S. A. Nucleotide sequence of the murine TNF locus, including the TNF-alpha (tumor necrosis factor) and TNF-beta (lymphotoxin) genes. Nucleic Acids Res. 1987 Nov 11;15(21):9083–9084. doi: 10.1093/nar/15.21.9083. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Shakhov A. N., Collart M. A., Vassalli P., Nedospasov S. A., Jongeneel C. V. Kappa B-type enhancers are involved in lipopolysaccharide-mediated transcriptional activation of the tumor necrosis factor alpha gene in primary macrophages. J Exp Med. 1990 Jan 1;171(1):35–47. doi: 10.1084/jem.171.1.35. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Shirai T., Shimizu N., Shiojiri S., Horiguchi S., Ito H. Cloning and expression in Escherichia coli of the gene for mouse tumor necrosis factor. DNA. 1988 Apr;7(3):193–201. doi: 10.1089/dna.1988.7.193. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Tautz D. Hypervariability of simple sequences as a general source for polymorphic DNA markers. Nucleic Acids Res. 1989 Aug 25;17(16):6463–6471. doi: 10.1093/nar/17.16.6463. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Weber J. L., May P. E. Abundant class of human DNA polymorphisms which can be typed using the polymerase chain reaction. Am J Hum Genet. 1989 Mar;44(3):388–396. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from The Journal of Experimental Medicine are provided here courtesy of The Rockefeller University Press

RESOURCES