Skip to main content
NCBI home page
The Journal of Experimental Medicine logoLink to The Journal of Experimental Medicine
. 1990 Jul 1;172(1):335–345. doi: 10.1084/jem.172.1.335

Distinct mutations in two patients with leukocyte adhesion deficiency and their functional correlates

PMCID: PMC2188166  PMID: 1694220

Abstract

Two patients with leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD), one with a moderate phenotype (patient 14) and one with a severe phenotype (patient 2) who had been shown to have a normal sized beta subunit protein precursor, were analyzed in an attempt to determine the molecular basis for their disease. RNase mapping located possible mutations to two distinct but adjacent regions of the beta subunit cDNA. Sequencing of patient-derived cDNA clones in this region revealed a C for T difference at amino acid 149 in patient 14 which resulted in the substitution of a leucine for a proline, and an A for G substitution at amino acid 169 in patient 2 which mutated a glycine to an arginine. The mutated amino acids are in a region of the cDNA that is highly conserved between the beta subunits of the integrin family and are identical in all known integrin beta subunits. Co-transfection of the beta subunit cDNA containing the patient 2 mutation with the wild-type alpha subunit of LFA-1 in a mammalian expression system resulted in no expression of LFA-1. In the case of the mutation in patient 14 there was markedly diminished expression of LFA-1 with loss of function and loss of the epitope for a number of anti-beta mAbs. Normal half-life of the mutant beta subunits, and previous demonstration of a lack of alpha/beta complex formation during biosynthesis in patient cells, suggest a defect in association with the alpha subunit. Association with beta is required for expression of the alpha subunit of LFA-1. Loss of functional expression with both of these beta subunit mutations suggests that they lie in a site critical for association with the alpha subunit.

Full Text

The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (1.5 MB).

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Anderson D. C., Schmalsteig F. C., Finegold M. J., Hughes B. J., Rothlein R., Miller L. J., Kohl S., Tosi M. F., Jacobs R. L., Waldrop T. C. The severe and moderate phenotypes of heritable Mac-1, LFA-1 deficiency: their quantitative definition and relation to leukocyte dysfunction and clinical features. J Infect Dis. 1985 Oct;152(4):668–689. doi: 10.1093/infdis/152.4.668. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Anderson D. C., Springer T. A. Leukocyte adhesion deficiency: an inherited defect in the Mac-1, LFA-1, and p150,95 glycoproteins. Annu Rev Med. 1987;38:175–194. doi: 10.1146/annurev.me.38.020187.001135. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Argraves W. S., Suzuki S., Arai H., Thompson K., Pierschbacher M. D., Ruoslahti E. Amino acid sequence of the human fibronectin receptor. J Cell Biol. 1987 Sep;105(3):1183–1190. doi: 10.1083/jcb.105.3.1183. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Arnaout M. A., Dana N., Gupta S. K., Tenen D. G., Fathallah D. M. Point mutations impairing cell surface expression of the common beta subunit (CD18) in a patient with leukocyte adhesion molecule (Leu-CAM) deficiency. J Clin Invest. 1990 Mar;85(3):977–981. doi: 10.1172/JCI114529. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Chirgwin J. M., Przybyla A. E., MacDonald R. J., Rutter W. J. Isolation of biologically active ribonucleic acid from sources enriched in ribonuclease. Biochemistry. 1979 Nov 27;18(24):5294–5299. doi: 10.1021/bi00591a005. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Chou P. Y., Fasman G. D. Conformational parameters for amino acids in helical, beta-sheet, and random coil regions calculated from proteins. Biochemistry. 1974 Jan 15;13(2):211–222. doi: 10.1021/bi00699a001. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Dana N., Clayton L. K., Tennen D. G., Pierce M. W., Lachmann P. J., Law S. A., Arnaout M. A. Leukocytes from four patients with complete or partial Leu-CAM deficiency contain the common beta-subunit precursor and beta-subunit messenger RNA. J Clin Invest. 1987 Mar;79(3):1010–1015. doi: 10.1172/JCI112868. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Dimanche-Boitrel M. T., Guyot A., De Saint-Basile G., Fischer A., Griscelli C., Lisowska-Grospierre B. Heterogeneity in the molecular defect leading to the leukocyte adhesion deficiency. Eur J Immunol. 1988 Oct;18(10):1575–1579. doi: 10.1002/eji.1830181016. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Dustin M. L., Rothlein R., Bhan A. K., Dinarello C. A., Springer T. A. Induction by IL 1 and interferon-gamma: tissue distribution, biochemistry, and function of a natural adherence molecule (ICAM-1). J Immunol. 1986 Jul 1;137(1):245–254. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Dustin M. L., Springer T. A. T-cell receptor cross-linking transiently stimulates adhesiveness through LFA-1. Nature. 1989 Oct 19;341(6243):619–624. doi: 10.1038/341619a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Fitzgerald L. A., Steiner B., Rall S. C., Jr, Lo S. S., Phillips D. R. Protein sequence of endothelial glycoprotein IIIa derived from a cDNA clone. Identity with platelet glycoprotein IIIa and similarity to "integrin". J Biol Chem. 1987 Mar 25;262(9):3936–3939. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Gubler U., Hoffman B. J. A simple and very efficient method for generating cDNA libraries. Gene. 1983 Nov;25(2-3):263–269. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(83)90230-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Hemler M. E. Adhesive protein receptors on hematopoietic cells. Immunol Today. 1988 Apr;9(4):109–113. doi: 10.1016/0167-5699(88)91280-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Hibbs M. L., Wardlaw A. J., Stacker S. A., Anderson D. C., Lee A., Roberts T. M., Springer T. A. Transfection of cells from patients with leukocyte adhesion deficiency with an integrin beta subunit (CD18) restores lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 expression and function. J Clin Invest. 1990 Mar;85(3):674–681. doi: 10.1172/JCI114491. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Horwitz A., Duggan K., Greggs R., Decker C., Buck C. The cell substrate attachment (CSAT) antigen has properties of a receptor for laminin and fibronectin. J Cell Biol. 1985 Dec;101(6):2134–2144. doi: 10.1083/jcb.101.6.2134. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Kishimoto T. K., Hollander N., Roberts T. M., Anderson D. C., Springer T. A. Heterogeneous mutations in the beta subunit common to the LFA-1, Mac-1, and p150,95 glycoproteins cause leukocyte adhesion deficiency. Cell. 1987 Jul 17;50(2):193–202. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(87)90215-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Kishimoto T. K., Larson R. S., Corbi A. L., Dustin M. L., Staunton D. E., Springer T. A. The leukocyte integrins. Adv Immunol. 1989;46:149–182. doi: 10.1016/s0065-2776(08)60653-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Kishimoto T. K., O'Conner K., Springer T. A. Leukocyte adhesion deficiency. Aberrant splicing of a conserved integrin sequence causes a moderate deficiency phenotype. J Biol Chem. 1989 Feb 25;264(6):3588–3595. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Kishimoto T. K., O'Connor K., Lee A., Roberts T. M., Springer T. A. Cloning of the beta subunit of the leukocyte adhesion proteins: homology to an extracellular matrix receptor defines a novel supergene family. Cell. 1987 Feb 27;48(4):681–690. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(87)90246-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Kunkel T. A. Rapid and efficient site-specific mutagenesis without phenotypic selection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Jan;82(2):488–492. doi: 10.1073/pnas.82.2.488. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Kürzinger K., Reynolds T., Germain R. N., Davignon D., Martz E., Springer T. A. A novel lymphocyte function-associated antigen (LFA-1): cellular distribution, quantitative expression, and structure. J Immunol. 1981 Aug;127(2):596–602. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Larson R. S., Hibbs M. L., Springer T. A. The leukocyte integrin LFA-1 reconstituted by cDNA transfection in a nonhematopoietic cell line is functionally active and not transiently regulated. Cell Regul. 1990 Mar;1(4):359–367. doi: 10.1091/mbc.1.4.359. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Law S. K., Gagnon J., Hildreth J. E., Wells C. E., Willis A. C., Wong A. J. The primary structure of the beta-subunit of the cell surface adhesion glycoproteins LFA-1, CR3 and p150,95 and its relationship to the fibronectin receptor. EMBO J. 1987 Apr;6(4):915–919. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1987.tb04838.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. MacKrell A. J., Blumberg B., Haynes S. R., Fessler J. H. The lethal myospheroid gene of Drosophila encodes a membrane protein homologous to vertebrate integrin beta subunits. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Apr;85(8):2633–2637. doi: 10.1073/pnas.85.8.2633. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Marlin S. D., Morton C. C., Anderson D. C., Springer T. A. LFA-1 immunodeficiency disease. Definition of the genetic defect and chromosomal mapping of alpha and beta subunits of the lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 (LFA-1) by complementation in hybrid cells. J Exp Med. 1986 Sep 1;164(3):855–867. doi: 10.1084/jem.164.3.855. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Marlin S. D., Springer T. A. Purified intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) is a ligand for lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 (LFA-1). Cell. 1987 Dec 4;51(5):813–819. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(87)90104-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Myers R. M., Lumelsky N., Lerman L. S., Maniatis T. Detection of single base substitutions in total genomic DNA. Nature. 1985 Feb 7;313(6002):495–498. doi: 10.1038/313495a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Peterson A., Seed B. Monoclonal antibody and ligand binding sites of the T cell erythrocyte receptor (CD2). 1987 Oct 29-Nov 4Nature. 329(6142):842–846. doi: 10.1038/329842a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Pytela R., Pierschbacher M. D., Ruoslahti E. A 125/115-kDa cell surface receptor specific for vitronectin interacts with the arginine-glycine-aspartic acid adhesion sequence derived from fibronectin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Sep;82(17):5766–5770. doi: 10.1073/pnas.82.17.5766. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Pytela R., Pierschbacher M. D., Ruoslahti E. Identification and isolation of a 140 kd cell surface glycoprotein with properties expected of a fibronectin receptor. Cell. 1985 Jan;40(1):191–198. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(85)90322-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Ruoslahti E., Pierschbacher M. D. New perspectives in cell adhesion: RGD and integrins. Science. 1987 Oct 23;238(4826):491–497. doi: 10.1126/science.2821619. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Saiki R. K., Gelfand D. H., Stoffel S., Scharf S. J., Higuchi R., Horn G. T., Mullis K. B., Erlich H. A. Primer-directed enzymatic amplification of DNA with a thermostable DNA polymerase. Science. 1988 Jan 29;239(4839):487–491. doi: 10.1126/science.2448875. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Sanchez-Madrid F., Nagy J. A., Robbins E., Simon P., Springer T. A. A human leukocyte differentiation antigen family with distinct alpha-subunits and a common beta-subunit: the lymphocyte function-associated antigen (LFA-1), the C3bi complement receptor (OKM1/Mac-1), and the p150,95 molecule. J Exp Med. 1983 Dec 1;158(6):1785–1803. doi: 10.1084/jem.158.6.1785. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Sanger F., Nicklen S., Coulson A. R. DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Dec;74(12):5463–5467. doi: 10.1073/pnas.74.12.5463. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. Springer T. A., Thompson W. S., Miller L. J., Schmalstieg F. C., Anderson D. C. Inherited deficiency of the Mac-1, LFA-1, p150,95 glycoprotein family and its molecular basis. J Exp Med. 1984 Dec 1;160(6):1901–1918. doi: 10.1084/jem.160.6.1901. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  36. Staunton D. E., Dustin M. L., Erickson H. P., Springer T. A. The arrangement of the immunoglobulin-like domains of ICAM-1 and the binding sites for LFA-1 and rhinovirus. Cell. 1990 Apr 20;61(2):243–254. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(90)90805-o. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  37. Tamkun J. W., DeSimone D. W., Fonda D., Patel R. S., Buck C., Horwitz A. F., Hynes R. O. Structure of integrin, a glycoprotein involved in the transmembrane linkage between fibronectin and actin. Cell. 1986 Jul 18;46(2):271–282. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(86)90744-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from The Journal of Experimental Medicine are provided here courtesy of The Rockefeller University Press

RESOURCES