Abstract
The conserved epitopes of influenza nucleoprotein (NP) recognized by class I MHC-restricted CTL from CBA (H-2k) and C57BL/10 (H-2b) mice have been defined in vitro with synthetic peptides 50-63 and 365-379, respectively. Two Db-restricted clones were described that recognize different epitopes on peptide 365-379. Finally, the recognition of complete NP was shown to be approximately 200-fold less efficient than peptide in the cytotoxicity assay. These phenomena are closely related to results with class II-restricted T cells and they strengthen the hypothesis that influenza proteins are degraded in the infected cell before recognition by class I-restricted CTL.
Full Text
The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (922.7 KB).
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Allen P. M., Matsueda G. R., Haber E., Unanue E. R. Specificity of the T cell receptor: two different determinants are generated by the same peptide and the I-Ak molecule. J Immunol. 1985 Jul;135(1):368–373. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Allen P. M., Unanue E. R. Differential requirements for antigen processing by macrophages for lysozyme-specific T cell hybridomas. J Immunol. 1984 Mar;132(3):1077–1079. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Baez M., Palese P., Kilbourne E. D. Gene composition of high-yielding influenza vaccine strains obtained by recombination. J Infect Dis. 1980 Mar;141(3):362–365. doi: 10.1093/infdis/141.3.362. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Bennink J. R., Yewdell J. W., Smith G. L., Moss B. Anti-influenza virus cytotoxic T lymphocytes recognize the three viral polymerases and a nonstructural protein: responsiveness to individual viral antigens is major histocompatibility complex controlled. J Virol. 1987 Apr;61(4):1098–1102. doi: 10.1128/jvi.61.4.1098-1102.1987. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Braciale T. J., Henkel T. J., Lukacher A., Braciale V. L. Fine specificity and antigen receptor expression among influenza virus-specific cytolytic T lymphocyte clones. J Immunol. 1986 Aug 1;137(3):995–1002. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Bradford M. M. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal Biochem. 1976 May 7;72:248–254. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(76)90527-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Campbell D. G., Gagnon J., Reid K. B., Williams A. F. Rat brain Thy-1 glycoprotein. The amino acid sequence, disulphide bonds and an unusual hydrophobic region. Biochem J. 1981 Apr 1;195(1):15–30. doi: 10.1042/bj1950015. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Davey J., Dimmock N. J., Colman A. Identification of the sequence responsible for the nuclear accumulation of the influenza virus nucleoprotein in Xenopus oocytes. Cell. 1985 Mar;40(3):667–675. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(85)90215-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- DeLisi C., Berzofsky J. A. T-cell antigenic sites tend to be amphipathic structures. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Oct;82(20):7048–7052. doi: 10.1073/pnas.82.20.7048. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Farrar J. J., Fuller-Farrar J., Simon P. L., Hilfiker M. L., Stadler B. M., Farrar W. L. Thymoma production of T cell growth factor (Interleukin 2). J Immunol. 1980 Dec;125(6):2555–2558. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gotch F., McMichael A., Smith G., Moss B. Identification of viral molecules recognized by influenza-specific human cytotoxic T lymphocytes. J Exp Med. 1987 Feb 1;165(2):408–416. doi: 10.1084/jem.165.2.408. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Guillet J. G., Lai M. Z., Briner T. J., Smith J. A., Gefter M. L. Interaction of peptide antigens and class II major histocompatibility complex antigens. Nature. 1986 Nov 20;324(6094):260–262. doi: 10.1038/324260a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hansburg D., Fairwell T., Schwartz R. H., Appella E. The T lymphocyte response to cytochrome c. IV. Distinguishable sites on a peptide antigen which affect antigenic strength and memory. J Immunol. 1983 Jul;131(1):319–324. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Huddleston J. A., Brownlee G. G. The sequence of the nucleoprotein gene of human influenza A virus, strain A/NT/60/68. Nucleic Acids Res. 1982 Feb 11;10(3):1029–1038. doi: 10.1093/nar/10.3.1029. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Jones I. M., Brownlee G. G. Differential expression of influenza N protein and neuraminidase antigenic determinants in Escherichia coli. Gene. 1985;35(3):333–342. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(85)90012-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kingsbury D. W., Jones I. M., Murti K. G. Assembly of influenza ribonucleoprotein in vitro using recombinant nucleoprotein. Virology. 1987 Feb;156(2):396–403. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(87)90419-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lubeck M. D., Palese P., Schulman J. L. Nonrandom association of parental genes in influenza A virus recombinants. Virology. 1979 May;95(1):269–274. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(79)90430-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Malissen B., Price M. P., Goverman J. M., McMillan M., White J., Kappler J., Marrack P., Pierres A., Pierres M., Hood L. Gene transfer of H-2 class II genes: antigen presentation by mouse fibroblast and hamster B-cell lines. Cell. 1984 Feb;36(2):319–327. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(84)90225-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Manca F., Clarke J. A., Miller A., Sercarz E. E., Shastri N. A limited region within hen egg-white lysozyme serves as the focus for a diversity of T cell clones. J Immunol. 1984 Oct;133(4):2075–2078. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Maryanski J. L., Pala P., Corradin G., Jordan B. R., Cerottini J. C. H-2-restricted cytolytic T cells specific for HLA can recognize a synthetic HLA peptide. Nature. 1986 Dec 11;324(6097):578–579. doi: 10.1038/324578a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- McMichael A. J., Gotch F. M., Rothbard J. HLA B37 determines an influenza A virus nucleoprotein epitope recognized by cytotoxic T lymphocytes. J Exp Med. 1986 Nov 1;164(5):1397–1406. doi: 10.1084/jem.164.5.1397. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Morrison L. A., Lukacher A. E., Braciale V. L., Fan D. P., Braciale T. J. Differences in antigen presentation to MHC class I-and class II-restricted influenza virus-specific cytolytic T lymphocyte clones. J Exp Med. 1986 Apr 1;163(4):903–921. doi: 10.1084/jem.163.4.903. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Pala P., Askonas B. A. Low responder MHC alleles for Tc recognition of influenza nucleoprotein. Immunogenetics. 1986;23(6):379–384. doi: 10.1007/BF00372670. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- SCHULMAN J. L., KILBOURNE E. D. INDUCTION OF PARTIAL SPECIFIC HETEROTYPIC IMMUNITY IN MICE BY A SINGLE INFECTION WITH INFLUENZA A VIRUS. J Bacteriol. 1965 Jan;89:170–174. doi: 10.1128/jb.89.1.170-174.1965. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Streicher H. Z., Berkower I. J., Busch M., Gurd F. R., Berzofsky J. A. Antigen conformation determines processing requirements for T-cell activation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Nov;81(21):6831–6835. doi: 10.1073/pnas.81.21.6831. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Taylor P. M., Askonas B. A. Influenza nucleoprotein-specific cytotoxic T-cell clones are protective in vivo. Immunology. 1986 Jul;58(3):417–420. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Townsend A. R., Bastin J., Gould K., Brownlee G. G. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes recognize influenza haemagglutinin that lacks a signal sequence. Nature. 1986 Dec 11;324(6097):575–577. doi: 10.1038/324575a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Townsend A. R., Gotch F. M., Davey J. Cytotoxic T cells recognize fragments of the influenza nucleoprotein. Cell. 1985 Sep;42(2):457–467. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(85)90103-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Townsend A. R., McMichael A. J., Carter N. P., Huddleston J. A., Brownlee G. G. Cytotoxic T cell recognition of the influenza nucleoprotein and hemagglutinin expressed in transfected mouse L cells. Cell. 1984 Nov;39(1):13–25. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(84)90187-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Townsend A. R., McMichael A. J. Specificity of cytotoxic T lymphocytes stimulated with influenza virus. Studies in mice and humans. Prog Allergy. 1985;36:10–43. doi: 10.1159/000409860. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Townsend A. R., Rothbard J., Gotch F. M., Bahadur G., Wraith D., McMichael A. J. The epitopes of influenza nucleoprotein recognized by cytotoxic T lymphocytes can be defined with short synthetic peptides. Cell. 1986 Mar 28;44(6):959–968. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(86)90019-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Townsend A. R., Skehel J. J. The influenza A virus nucleoprotein gene controls the induction of both subtype specific and cross-reactive cytotoxic T cells. J Exp Med. 1984 Aug 1;160(2):552–563. doi: 10.1084/jem.160.2.552. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Townsend A. R., Taylor P. M., Mellor A. L., Askonas B. A. Recognition of Db and Kb gene products by influenza-specific cytotoxic T cells. Immunogenetics. 1983;17(3):283–294. doi: 10.1007/BF00364412. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Unanue E. R. Antigen-presenting function of the macrophage. Annu Rev Immunol. 1984;2:395–428. doi: 10.1146/annurev.iy.02.040184.002143. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Unanue E. R., Beller D. I., Lu C. Y., Allen P. M. Antigen presentation: comments on its regulation and mechanism. J Immunol. 1984 Jan;132(1):1–5. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Walden P., Nagy Z. A., Klein J. Induction of regulatory T-lymphocyte responses by liposomes carrying major histocompatibility complex molecules and foreign antigen. Nature. 1985 May 23;315(6017):327–329. doi: 10.1038/315327a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Winter G., Fields S. The structure of the gene encoding the nucleoprotein of human influenza virus A/PR/8/34. Virology. 1981 Oct 30;114(2):423–428. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(81)90223-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Wraith D. C., Vessey A. E. Influenza virus-specific cytotoxic T-cell recognition: stimulation of nucleoprotein-specific clones with intact antigen. Immunology. 1986 Oct;59(2):173–180. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Yewdell J. W., Bennink J. R., Smith G. L., Moss B. Influenza A virus nucleoprotein is a major target antigen for cross-reactive anti-influenza A virus cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Mar;82(6):1785–1789. doi: 10.1073/pnas.82.6.1785. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Yewdell J. W., Frank E., Gerhard W. Expression of influenza A virus internal antigens on the surface of infected P815 cells. J Immunol. 1981 May;126(5):1814–1819. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Zamvil S. S., Mitchell D. J., Moore A. C., Kitamura K., Steinman L., Rothbard J. B. T-cell epitope of the autoantigen myelin basic protein that induces encephalomyelitis. Nature. 1986 Nov 20;324(6094):258–260. doi: 10.1038/324258a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Zweerink H. J., Askonas B. A., Millican D., Courtneidge S. A., Skehel J. J. Cytotoxic T cells to type A influenza virus; viral hemagglutinin induces A-strain specificity while infected cells confer cross-reactive cytotoxicity. Eur J Immunol. 1977 Sep;7(9):630–635. doi: 10.1002/eji.1830070910. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]