Abstract
Although the production of B cell stimulatory factors by cell lines and hybridomas is well established, production of specific lymphokines by normal T cells in response to antigen stimulation has not been analyzed. We have used bioassays and neutralizing mAbs to demonstrate that IL-2, IL-4, and B cell growth factors (BCGF) are produced during primary and secondary MLRs. IL-2 is detected in the first 12 h of both types of MLR. IL-4 and BCGF appear at 24-48 h in the conditioned medium of the primary MLR, and peak by 12 h in the secondary MLR. The amount of IL-4 in the primary response reaches a level that is 10% of that detected in the secondary. In contrast, BCGF production steadily increases over time in the primary MLR, and maximal production is equivalent to that made in the secondary response. Allogeneic dendritic cells and anti-Ig-activated B blasts both stimulated lymphokine production in the primary MLR, whereas small B cells were weak. In the secondary MLR, all three cell populations stimulated the production of IL-2, IL-4, and BCGF. Therefore, the release of several defined B cell stimulating factors can be detected in the conditioned media of responding primary T lymphocytes.
Full Text
The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (408.4 KB).
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Ashwell J. D., DeFranco A. L., Paul W. E., Schwartz R. H. Antigen presentation by resting B cells. Radiosensitivity of the antigen-presentation function and two distinct pathways of T cell activation. J Exp Med. 1984 Mar 1;159(3):881–905. doi: 10.1084/jem.159.3.881. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Birkeland M. L., Simpson L., Isakson P. C., Pure E. T-independent and T-dependent steps in the murine B cell response to antiimmunoglobulin. J Exp Med. 1987 Aug 1;166(2):506–519. doi: 10.1084/jem.166.2.506. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Cherwinski H. M., Schumacher J. H., Brown K. D., Mosmann T. R. Two types of mouse helper T cell clone. III. Further differences in lymphokine synthesis between Th1 and Th2 clones revealed by RNA hybridization, functionally monospecific bioassays, and monoclonal antibodies. J Exp Med. 1987 Nov 1;166(5):1229–1244. doi: 10.1084/jem.166.5.1229. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hu-Li J., Shevach E. M., Mizuguchi J., Ohara J., Mosmann T., Paul W. E. B cell stimulatory factor 1 (interleukin 4) is a potent costimulant for normal resting T lymphocytes. J Exp Med. 1987 Jan 1;165(1):157–172. doi: 10.1084/jem.165.1.157. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Inaba K., Steinman R. M. Resting and sensitized T lymphocytes exhibit distinct stimulatory (antigen-presenting cell) requirements for growth and lymphokine release. J Exp Med. 1984 Dec 1;160(6):1717–1735. doi: 10.1084/jem.160.6.1717. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Inaba K., Young J. W., Steinman R. M. Direct activation of CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes by dendritic cells. J Exp Med. 1987 Jul 1;166(1):182–194. doi: 10.1084/jem.166.1.182. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kishimoto T., Hirano T. Molecular regulation of B lymphocyte response. Annu Rev Immunol. 1988;6:485–512. doi: 10.1146/annurev.iy.06.040188.002413. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Murray P. D., McKenzie D. T., Swain S. L., Kagnoff M. F. Interleukin 5 and interleukin 4 produced by Peyer's patch T cells selectively enhance immunoglobulin A expression. J Immunol. 1987 Oct 15;139(8):2669–2674. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- O'Garra A., Warren D. J., Holman M., Popham A. M., Sanderson C. J., Klaus G. G. Interleukin 4 (B-cell growth factor II/eosinophil differentiation factor) is a mitogen and differentiation factor for preactivated murine B lymphocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Jul;83(14):5228–5232. doi: 10.1073/pnas.83.14.5228. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ohara J., Paul W. E. Production of a monoclonal antibody to and molecular characterization of B-cell stimulatory factor-1. Nature. 1985 May 23;315(6017):333–336. doi: 10.1038/315333a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]