Abstract
Analysis of RFLP has been employed in lymphokine genes of autoimmune and normal mice. No polymorphism could be detected in the loci containing IL-2, IL-2 receptor, IL-5, and IFN-gamma in NZB, NZW, BxSB, and MRL/lpr mice when compared with normal mice. Allelic forms were identified in the IL-1 alpha gene of BALB/c and in the IL-4 gene of NZW. The frequency of the Bam HI RFLP in the TNF-alpha gene of NZW which has been proposed to be associated with the development of autoimmune disease in (NZB x NZW)F1 mice has been analyzed in a number of different inbred strains and in wild mice. Since the same allele is inherited in most autoimmune, healthy laboratory and wild mice the TNF- alpha gene does not seem to be one of the causal agents that contributes to the development of autoimmunity in (NZB x NZW)F1 mice.
Full Text
The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (359.5 KB).
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Altman A., Theofilopoulos A. N., Weiner R., Katz D. H., Dixon F. J. Analysis of T cell function in autoimmune murine strains. Defects in production and responsiveness to interleukin 2. J Exp Med. 1981 Sep 1;154(3):791–808. doi: 10.1084/jem.154.3.791. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Blankenstein T., Bonhomme F., Krawinkel U. Evolution of pseudogenes in the immunoglobulin VH-gene family of the mouse. Immunogenetics. 1987;26(4-5):237–248. doi: 10.1007/BF00346518. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Boswell J. M., Yui M. A., Burt D. W., Kelley V. E. Increased tumor necrosis factor and IL-1 beta gene expression in the kidneys of mice with lupus nephritis. J Immunol. 1988 Nov 1;141(9):3050–3054. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Boswell J. M., Yui M. A., Endres S., Burt D. W., Kelley V. E. Novel and enhanced IL-1 gene expression in autoimmune mice with lupus. J Immunol. 1988 Jul 1;141(1):118–124. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Fransen L., Müller R., Marmenout A., Tavernier J., Van der Heyden J., Kawashima E., Chollet A., Tizard R., Van Heuverswyn H., Van Vliet A. Molecular cloning of mouse tumour necrosis factor cDNA and its eukaryotic expression. Nucleic Acids Res. 1985 Jun 25;13(12):4417–4429. doi: 10.1093/nar/13.12.4417. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Jacob C. O., McDevitt H. O. Tumour necrosis factor-alpha in murine autoimmune 'lupus' nephritis. Nature. 1988 Jan 28;331(6154):356–358. doi: 10.1038/331356a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kofler R., Perlmutter R. M., Noonan D. J., Dixon F. J., Theofilopoulos A. N. Ig heavy chain variable region gene complex of lupus mice exhibits normal restriction fragment length polymorphism. J Exp Med. 1985 Jul 1;162(1):346–351. doi: 10.1084/jem.162.1.346. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kotzin B. L., Palmer E. The contribution of NZW genes to lupus-like disease in (NZB x NZW)F1 mice. J Exp Med. 1987 May 1;165(5):1237–1251. doi: 10.1084/jem.165.5.1237. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lomedico P. T., Gubler U., Hellmann C. P., Dukovich M., Giri J. G., Pan Y. C., Collier K., Semionow R., Chua A. O., Mizel S. B. Cloning and expression of murine interleukin-1 cDNA in Escherichia coli. 1984 Nov 29-Dec 5Nature. 312(5993):458–462. doi: 10.1038/312458a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Murray L., Martens C. The abnormal T lymphocytes in lpr mice transcribe interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor-alpha genes spontaneously in vivo. Eur J Immunol. 1989 Mar;19(3):563–565. doi: 10.1002/eji.1830190325. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Müller U., Jongeneel C. V., Nedospasov S. A., Lindahl K. F., Steinmetz M. Tumour necrosis factor and lymphotoxin genes map close to H-2D in the mouse major histocompatibility complex. Nature. 1987 Jan 15;325(6101):265–267. doi: 10.1038/325265a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Schauer U. B cell growth factor activity in supernatants of MRL-lpr/lpr derived T cell hybridomas. Clin Exp Immunol. 1988 May;72(2):255–259. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Shimuzu A., Kondo S., Takeda S., Yodoi J., Ishida N., Sabe H., Osawa H., Diamantstein T., Nikaido T., Honjo T. Nucleotide sequence of mouse IL-2 receptor cDNA and its comparison with the human IL-2 receptor sequence. Nucleic Acids Res. 1985 Mar 11;13(5):1505–1516. doi: 10.1093/nar/13.5.1505. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Singer P. A., McEvilly R. J., Balderas R. S., Dixon F. J., Theofilopoulos A. N. T-cell receptor alpha-chain variable-region haplotypes of normal and autoimmune laboratory mouse strains. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Oct;85(20):7729–7733. doi: 10.1073/pnas.85.20.7729. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Theofilopoulos A. N., Dixon F. J. Murine models of systemic lupus erythematosus. Adv Immunol. 1985;37:269–390. doi: 10.1016/s0065-2776(08)60342-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]