Abstract
We have examined the temporal sequence of events leading to the formation of hepatic granulomas after the intravenous injection of L. donovani amastigotes into BALB/c mice. Parasite ingestion by permissive Kupffer cells (KC) occurred promptly, and local KC aggregations were the foci about which granulomas were subsequently formed. Infected KC were recognized by the uptake of colloidal carbon and the expression of the macrophage-specific antigen recognized by F4/80 mAb. Peroxidase- positive granulocytes migrated rapidly and were followed by monocytes and L3T4+ T cells that enclosed the infected KC. Thereafter, Ly-2+ T cells were prominent members of the granulomatous lymphoid population. Parasites multiplied until 4 wk, and then a prompt reduction in infected cells occurred. This was associated with a sharp decline in the L3T4+ T cells of the granulomas and the maintenance of the Ly-2+ subset. In comparison, athymic nu/nu mice developed smaller, more slowly appearing granulomas that contained granulocytes and monocytes and exhibited progressive parasite replication. Upon rechallenge, the entire process was completed in 2 wk, and infected KC in the euthymic mice were never observed. We hypothesize that the effectiveness of the granulomatous response requires the destruction of parasitized host cells (KC), in a lymphokine rich environment. We further suggest that the Ly-2+ T cell serves as an important effector cell in this process, either by direct cytotoxicity or by supporting the cytotoxic potential of other cell types in the granuloma.
Full Text
The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (861.0 KB).
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Austyn J. M., Gordon S. F4/80, a monoclonal antibody directed specifically against the mouse macrophage. Eur J Immunol. 1981 Oct;11(10):805–815. doi: 10.1002/eji.1830111013. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Bradley D. J. Regulation of Leishmania populations within the host. II. genetic control of acute susceptibility of mice to Leishmania donovani infection. Clin Exp Immunol. 1977 Oct;30(1):130–140. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Coffman R. L., Weissman I. L. B220: a B cell-specific member of th T200 glycoprotein family. Nature. 1981 Feb 19;289(5799):681–683. doi: 10.1038/289681a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Dialynas D. P., Wilde D. B., Marrack P., Pierres A., Wall K. A., Havran W., Otten G., Loken M. R., Pierres M., Kappler J. Characterization of the murine antigenic determinant, designated L3T4a, recognized by monoclonal antibody GK1.5: expression of L3T4a by functional T cell clones appears to correlate primarily with class II MHC antigen-reactivity. Immunol Rev. 1983;74:29–56. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.1983.tb01083.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Handman E., Ceredig R., Mitchell G. F. Murine cutaneous leishmaniasis: disease patterns in intact and nude mice of various genotypes and examination of some differences between normal and infected macrophages. Aust J Exp Biol Med Sci. 1979 Feb;57(1):9–29. doi: 10.1038/icb.1979.2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kaplan G., Van Voorhis W. C., Sarno E. N., Nogueira N., Cohn Z. A. The cutaneous infiltrates of leprosy. A transmission electron microscopy study. J Exp Med. 1983 Oct 1;158(4):1145–1159. doi: 10.1084/jem.158.4.1145. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ledbetter J. A., Herzenberg L. A. Xenogeneic monoclonal antibodies to mouse lymphoid differentiation antigens. Immunol Rev. 1979;47:63–90. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.1979.tb00289.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lepay D. A., Steinman R. M., Nathan C. F., Murray H. W., Cohn Z. A. Liver macrophages in murine listeriosis. Cell-mediated immunity is correlated with an influx of macrophages capable of generating reactive oxygen intermediates. J Exp Med. 1985 Jun 1;161(6):1503–1512. doi: 10.1084/jem.161.6.1503. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Luster A. D., Unkeless J. C., Ravetch J. V. Gamma-interferon transcriptionally regulates an early-response gene containing homology to platelet proteins. Nature. 1985 Jun 20;315(6021):672–676. doi: 10.1038/315672a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- McElrath M. J., Kaplan G., Nusrat A., Cohn Z. A. Cutaneous leishmaniasis. The defect in T cell influx in BALB/c mice. J Exp Med. 1987 Feb 1;165(2):546–559. doi: 10.1084/jem.165.2.546. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- McLean I. W., Nakane P. K. Periodate-lysine-paraformaldehyde fixative. A new fixation for immunoelectron microscopy. J Histochem Cytochem. 1974 Dec;22(12):1077–1083. doi: 10.1177/22.12.1077. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Murray H. W. Cell-mediated immune response in experimental visceral leishmaniasis. II. Oxygen-dependent killing of intracellular Leishmania donovani amastigotes. J Immunol. 1982 Jul;129(1):351–357. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Murray H. W., Masur H., Keithly J. S. Cell-mediated immune response in experimental visceral leishmaniasis. I. Correlation between resistance to Leishmania donovani and lymphokine-generating capacity. J Immunol. 1982 Jul;129(1):344–350. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Murray H. W., Spitalny G. L., Nathan C. F. Activation of mouse peritoneal macrophages in vitro and in vivo by interferon-gamma. J Immunol. 1985 Mar;134(3):1619–1622. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Murray H. W., Stern J. J., Welte K., Rubin B. Y., Carriero S. M., Nathan C. F. Experimental visceral leishmaniasis: production of interleukin 2 and interferon-gamma, tissue immune reaction, and response to treatment with interleukin 2 and interferon-gamma. J Immunol. 1987 Apr 1;138(7):2290–2297. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Springer T., Galfré G., Secher D. S., Milstein C. Mac-1: a macrophage differentiation antigen identified by monoclonal antibody. Eur J Immunol. 1979 Apr;9(4):301–306. doi: 10.1002/eji.1830090410. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]