Skip to main content
Journal of Bacteriology logoLink to Journal of Bacteriology
. 1985 Aug;163(2):464–471. doi: 10.1128/jb.163.2.464-471.1985

Structural genes for flagellar hook-associated proteins in Salmonella typhimurium.

M Homma, K Kutsukake, T Iino
PMCID: PMC219145  PMID: 2991190

Abstract

The flaW, flaU, and flaV genes of Salmonella typhimurium LT2 were cloned into pBR322. These genes were mapped on the cloned DNA fragments by restriction endonuclease analysis and construction of the deletion derivatives. Their gene products were identified, by the minicell method, as proteins whose molecular weights were estimated to be 59,000 for the flaW product, 31,000 for the flaU product, and 48,000 for the flaV product. These values are identical to those of three species of hook-associated proteins (HAPs), namely, HAP1, HAP3, and HAP2. Furthermore, antibodies against HAP1, HAP3, and HAP2 specifically reacted with the gene products of flaW, flaU, and flaV, respectively. Therefore, we concluded that they are structural genes for HAPs. The antibodies against HAP1 and HAP3 also specifically reacted with the gene products of flaS and flaT of Escherichia coli, respectively. This indicates that these gene products are HAPs in E. coli. This result is consistent with the demonstration that flaS and flaT of E. coli are functionally homologous with flaW and flaU of S. typhimurium.

Full text

PDF
464

Images in this article

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Abram D., Mitchen J. R., Koffler H., Vatter A. E. Differentiation within the bacterial flagellum and isolation of the proximal hook. J Bacteriol. 1970 Jan;101(1):250–261. doi: 10.1128/jb.101.1.250-261.1970. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Bolivar F., Rodriguez R. L., Greene P. J., Betlach M. C., Heyneker H. L., Boyer H. W., Crosa J. H., Falkow S. Construction and characterization of new cloning vehicles. II. A multipurpose cloning system. Gene. 1977;2(2):95–113. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Bonner W. M., Laskey R. A. A film detection method for tritium-labelled proteins and nucleic acids in polyacrylamide gels. Eur J Biochem. 1974 Jul 1;46(1):83–88. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1974.tb03599.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. DePamphilis M. L., Adler J. Fine structure and isolation of the hook-basal body complex of flagella from Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. J Bacteriol. 1971 Jan;105(1):384–395. doi: 10.1128/jb.105.1.384-395.1971. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Dimmitt K., Simon M. I. Purification and partial characterization of Bacillus subtilis Flagellar hooks. J Bacteriol. 1971 Oct;108(1):282–286. doi: 10.1128/jb.108.1.282-286.1971. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Doetsch R. N., Sjoblad R. D. Flagellar structure and function in eubacteria. Annu Rev Microbiol. 1980;34:69–108. doi: 10.1146/annurev.mi.34.100180.000441. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Harayama S., Oguchi T., Iino T. Does Tn10 transpose via the cointegrate molecule? Mol Gen Genet. 1984;194(3):444–450. doi: 10.1007/BF00425556. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Holt S. C., Canale-Parola E. Fine structure of Spirochaeta stenostrepta, a free-living, anaerobic spirochete. J Bacteriol. 1968 Sep;96(3):822–835. doi: 10.1128/jb.96.3.822-835.1968. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Homma M., Fujita H., Yamaguchi S., Iino T. Excretion of unassembled flagellin by Salmonella typhimurium mutants deficient in hook-associated proteins. J Bacteriol. 1984 Sep;159(3):1056–1059. doi: 10.1128/jb.159.3.1056-1059.1984. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Homma M., Iino T. Locations of hook-associated proteins in flagellar structures of Salmonella typhimurium. J Bacteriol. 1985 Apr;162(1):183–189. doi: 10.1128/jb.162.1.183-189.1985. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Homma M., Kutsukake K., Iino T., Yamaguchi S. Hook-associated proteins essential for flagellar filament formation in Salmonella typhimurium. J Bacteriol. 1984 Jan;157(1):100–108. doi: 10.1128/jb.157.1.100-108.1984. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Iino T. Assembly of Salmonella flagellin in vitro and in vivo. J Supramol Struct. 1974;2(2-4):372–384. doi: 10.1002/jss.400020226. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Iino T., Enomoto M. Genetical studies of non-flagellate mutants of Salmonella. J Gen Microbiol. 1966 Jun;43(3):315–327. doi: 10.1099/00221287-43-3-315. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Iino T. Genetics and chemistry of bacterial flagella. Bacteriol Rev. 1969 Dec;33(4):454–475. doi: 10.1128/br.33.4.454-475.1969. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Iino T. Genetics of structure and function of bacterial flagella. Annu Rev Genet. 1977;11:161–182. doi: 10.1146/annurev.ge.11.120177.001113. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Johnson R. C., Walsh M. P., Ely B., Shapiro L. Flagellar hook and basal complex of Caulobacter crescentus. J Bacteriol. 1979 Jun;138(3):984–989. doi: 10.1128/jb.138.3.984-989.1979. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Kagawa H., Aizawa S. I., Yamaguchi S., Ishizu J. I. Isolation and characterization of bacterial flagellar hook proteins from salmonellae and Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol. 1979 Apr;138(1):235–240. doi: 10.1128/jb.138.1.235-240.1979. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Kagawa H., Asakura S., Iino T. Serological study of bacterial flagellar hooks. J Bacteriol. 1973 Mar;113(3):1474–1481. doi: 10.1128/jb.113.3.1474-1481.1973. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Kagawa H., Owaribe K., Asakura S., Takahashi N. Flagellar hook protein from Salmonella SJ25. J Bacteriol. 1976 Jan;125(1):68–73. doi: 10.1128/jb.125.1.68-73.1976. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Komeda Y. Fusions of flagellar operons to lactose genes on a mu lac bacteriophage. J Bacteriol. 1982 Apr;150(1):16–26. doi: 10.1128/jb.150.1.16-26.1982. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Komeda Y., Kutsukake K., Iino T. Definition of additional flagellar genes in Escherichia coli K12. Genetics. 1980 Feb;94(2):277–290. doi: 10.1093/genetics/94.2.277. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Komeda Y., Ono N., Kagawa H. Synthesis of flagellin and hook subunit protein in flagellar mutants of Escherichia coli K12. Mol Gen Genet. 1984;194(1-2):49–51. doi: 10.1007/BF00383495. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Komeda Y., Silverman M., Matsumura P., Simon M. Genes for the hook-basal body proteins of the flagellar apparatus in Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol. 1978 May;134(2):655–667. doi: 10.1128/jb.134.2.655-667.1978. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Komeda Y., Silverman M., Simon M. Genetic analysis of Escherichia coli K-12 region I flagellar mutants. J Bacteriol. 1977 Sep;131(3):801–808. doi: 10.1128/jb.131.3.801-808.1977. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Kutsukake K., Iino T., Komeda Y., Yamaguchi S. Functional homology of fla genes between Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli. Mol Gen Genet. 1980 Apr;178(1):59–67. doi: 10.1007/BF00267213. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Kutsukake K., Nakao T., Iino T. A gene for DNA invertase and an invertible DNA in Escherichia coli K-12. Gene. 1985;34(2-3):343–350. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(85)90143-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Kutsukake K., Suzuki T., Yamaguchi S., Iino T. Role of gene flaFV on flagellar hook formation in Salmonella typhimurium. J Bacteriol. 1979 Oct;140(1):267–275. doi: 10.1128/jb.140.1.267-275.1979. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Laemmli U. K. Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature. 1970 Aug 15;227(5259):680–685. doi: 10.1038/227680a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Reeve J. Use of minicells for bacteriophage-directed polypeptide synthesis. Methods Enzymol. 1979;68:493–503. doi: 10.1016/0076-6879(79)68038-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Suzuki H., Iino T. Absence of messenger ribonucleic acid specific for flagellin in non-flagellate mutants of Salmonella. J Mol Biol. 1975 Jul 15;95(4):549–556. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(75)90316-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Suzuki T., Iino T., Horiguchi T., Yamaguchi S. Incomplete flagellar structures in nonflagellate mutants of Salmonella typhimurium. J Bacteriol. 1978 Feb;133(2):904–915. doi: 10.1128/jb.133.2.904-915.1978. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Suzuki T., Komeda Y. Incomplete flagellar structures in Escherichia coli mutants. J Bacteriol. 1981 Feb;145(2):1036–1041. doi: 10.1128/jb.145.2.1036-1041.1981. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Szekely E., Simon M. DNA sequence adjacent to flagellar genes and evolution of flagellar-phase variation. J Bacteriol. 1983 Jul;155(1):74–81. doi: 10.1128/jb.155.1.74-81.1983. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Velten J., Fukada K., Abelson J. In vitro construction of bacteriophage lambda and plasmid DNA molecules containing DNA fragments from bacteriophage T4. Gene. 1976;1(1):93–106. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(76)90009-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. Yamaguchi S., Fujita H., Taira T., Kutsukake K., Homma M., Iino T. Genetic analysis of three additional fla genes in Salmonella typhimurium. J Gen Microbiol. 1984 Dec;130(12):3339–3342. doi: 10.1099/00221287-130-12-3339. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Journal of Bacteriology are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

RESOURCES