Skip to main content
PMC home page
The Journal of Cell Biology logoLink to The Journal of Cell Biology
. 1993 Nov 1;123(3):595–604. doi: 10.1083/jcb.123.3.595

Caveolin forms a hetero-oligomeric protein complex that interacts with an apical GPI-linked protein: implications for the biogenesis of caveolae

PMCID: PMC2200116  PMID: 8227128

Abstract

Glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol (GPI)-linked proteins are transported to the apical surface of epithelial cells where they undergo cholesterol- dependent clustering in membrane micro-invaginations, termed caveolae or plasmalemmal vesicles. However, the sorting machinery responsible for this caveolar-clustering mechanism remains unknown. Using transfected MDCK cells as a model system, we have identified a complex of cell surface molecules (80, 50, 40, 22-24, and 14 kD) that interact in a pH- and cholesterol-dependent fashion with an apical recombinant GPI-linked protein. A major component of this hetero-oligomeric protein complex is caveolin, a type II transmembrane protein. As this hetero- oligomeric caveolin complex is detectable almost immediately after caveolin synthesis, our results suggest that caveolae may assemble intracellularly during transport to the cell surface. As such, our studies have implications for understanding both the intracellular biogenesis of caveolae and their subsequent interactions with GPI- linked proteins in epithelia and other cell types.

Full Text

The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (1.6 MB).

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Anderson R. G., Kamen B. A., Rothberg K. G., Lacey S. W. Potocytosis: sequestration and transport of small molecules by caveolae. Science. 1992 Jan 24;255(5043):410–411. doi: 10.1126/science.1310359. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Anderson R. G., Pathak R. K. Vesicles and cisternae in the trans Golgi apparatus of human fibroblasts are acidic compartments. Cell. 1985 Mar;40(3):635–643. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(85)90212-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Bomsel M., Mostov K. Role of heterotrimeric G proteins in membrane traffic. Mol Biol Cell. 1992 Dec;3(12):1317–1328. doi: 10.1091/mbc.3.12.1317. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Bretscher M. S., Thomson J. N., Pearse B. M. Coated pits act as molecular filters. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1980 Jul;77(7):4156–4159. doi: 10.1073/pnas.77.7.4156. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Brown D. A., Crise B., Rose J. K. Mechanism of membrane anchoring affects polarized expression of two proteins in MDCK cells. Science. 1989 Sep 29;245(4925):1499–1501. doi: 10.1126/science.2571189. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Brown D. A., Rose J. K. Sorting of GPI-anchored proteins to glycolipid-enriched membrane subdomains during transport to the apical cell surface. Cell. 1992 Feb 7;68(3):533–544. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(92)90189-j. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Brown M. S., Goldstein J. L. Multivalent feedback regulation of HMG CoA reductase, a control mechanism coordinating isoprenoid synthesis and cell growth. J Lipid Res. 1980 Jul;21(5):505–517. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Chamberlain J. P. Fluorographic detection of radioactivity in polyacrylamide gels with the water-soluble fluor, sodium salicylate. Anal Biochem. 1979 Sep 15;98(1):132–135. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(79)90716-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Cross G. A. Glycolipid anchoring of plasma membrane proteins. Annu Rev Cell Biol. 1990;6:1–39. doi: 10.1146/annurev.cb.06.110190.000245. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Dupree P., Parton R. G., Raposo G., Kurzchalia T. V., Simons K. Caveolae and sorting in the trans-Golgi network of epithelial cells. EMBO J. 1993 Apr;12(4):1597–1605. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1993.tb05804.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Fujimoto T. Calcium pump of the plasma membrane is localized in caveolae. J Cell Biol. 1993 Mar;120(5):1147–1157. doi: 10.1083/jcb.120.5.1147. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Fujimoto T., Nakade S., Miyawaki A., Mikoshiba K., Ogawa K. Localization of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor-like protein in plasmalemmal caveolae. J Cell Biol. 1992 Dec;119(6):1507–1513. doi: 10.1083/jcb.119.6.1507. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Glenney J. R., Jr, Soppet D. Sequence and expression of caveolin, a protein component of caveolae plasma membrane domains phosphorylated on tyrosine in Rous sarcoma virus-transformed fibroblasts. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Nov 1;89(21):10517–10521. doi: 10.1073/pnas.89.21.10517. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Glenney J. R., Jr Tyrosine phosphorylation of a 22-kDa protein is correlated with transformation by Rous sarcoma virus. J Biol Chem. 1989 Dec 5;264(34):20163–20166. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Glenney J. R., Jr, Zokas L. Novel tyrosine kinase substrates from Rous sarcoma virus-transformed cells are present in the membrane skeleton. J Cell Biol. 1989 Jun;108(6):2401–2408. doi: 10.1083/jcb.108.6.2401. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Gorman C. M., Howard B. H., Reeves R. Expression of recombinant plasmids in mammalian cells is enhanced by sodium butyrate. Nucleic Acids Res. 1983 Nov 11;11(21):7631–7648. doi: 10.1093/nar/11.21.7631. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Gottlieb T. A., Beaudry G., Rizzolo L., Colman A., Rindler M., Adesnik M., Sabatini D. D. Secretion of endogenous and exogenous proteins from polarized MDCK cell monolayers. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Apr;83(7):2100–2104. doi: 10.1073/pnas.83.7.2100. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Hannan L. A., Lisanti M. P., Rodriguez-Boulan E., Edidin M. Correctly sorted molecules of a GPI-anchored protein are clustered and immobile when they arrive at the apical surface of MDCK cells. J Cell Biol. 1993 Jan;120(2):353–358. doi: 10.1083/jcb.120.2.353. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Hoessli D., Rungger-Brändle E. Association of specific cell-surface glycoproteins with a triton X-100-resistant complex of plasma membrane proteins isolated from T-lymphoma cells (P1798). Exp Cell Res. 1985 Jan;156(1):239–250. doi: 10.1016/0014-4827(85)90278-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Hooper N. M., Turner A. J. Ectoenzymes of the kidney microvillar membrane. Differential solubilization by detergents can predict a glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol membrane anchor. Biochem J. 1988 Mar 15;250(3):865–869. doi: 10.1042/bj2500865. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Kurzchalia T. V., Dupree P., Parton R. G., Kellner R., Virta H., Lehnert M., Simons K. VIP21, a 21-kD membrane protein is an integral component of trans-Golgi-network-derived transport vesicles. J Cell Biol. 1992 Sep;118(5):1003–1014. doi: 10.1083/jcb.118.5.1003. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Lange Y., Swaisgood M. H., Ramos B. V., Steck T. L. Plasma membranes contain half the phospholipid and 90% of the cholesterol and sphingomyelin in cultured human fibroblasts. J Biol Chem. 1989 Mar 5;264(7):3786–3793. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Lisanti M. P., Caras I. W., Davitz M. A., Rodriguez-Boulan E. A glycophospholipid membrane anchor acts as an apical targeting signal in polarized epithelial cells. J Cell Biol. 1989 Nov;109(5):2145–2156. doi: 10.1083/jcb.109.5.2145. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Lisanti M. P., Caras I. W., Gilbert T., Hanzel D., Rodriguez-Boulan E. Vectorial apical delivery and slow endocytosis of a glycolipid-anchored fusion protein in transfected MDCK cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Oct;87(19):7419–7423. doi: 10.1073/pnas.87.19.7419. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Lisanti M. P., Caras I. W., Rodriguez-Boulan E. Fusion proteins containing a minimal GPI-attachment signal are apically expressed in transfected MDCK cells. J Cell Sci. 1991 Jul;99(Pt 3):637–640. doi: 10.1242/jcs.99.3.637. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Lisanti M. P., Field M. C., Caras I. W., Menon A. K., Rodriguez-Boulan E. Mannosamine, a novel inhibitor of glycosylphosphatidylinositol incorporation into proteins. EMBO J. 1991 Aug;10(8):1969–1977. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1991.tb07726.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Lisanti M. P., Le Bivic A., Saltiel A. R., Rodriguez-Boulan E. Preferred apical distribution of glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchored proteins: a highly conserved feature of the polarized epithelial cell phenotype. J Membr Biol. 1990 Feb;113(2):155–167. doi: 10.1007/BF01872889. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Lisanti M. P., Rodriguez-Boulan E. Glycophospholipid membrane anchoring provides clues to the mechanism of protein sorting in polarized epithelial cells. Trends Biochem Sci. 1990 Mar;15(3):113–118. doi: 10.1016/0968-0004(90)90195-h. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Lisanti M. P., Sargiacomo M., Graeve L., Saltiel A. R., Rodriguez-Boulan E. Polarized apical distribution of glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins in a renal epithelial cell line. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Dec;85(24):9557–9561. doi: 10.1073/pnas.85.24.9557. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Low M. G. Glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol: a versatile anchor for cell surface proteins. FASEB J. 1989 Mar;3(5):1600–1608. doi: 10.1096/fasebj.3.5.2522071. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Montesano R., Roth J., Robert A., Orci L. Non-coated membrane invaginations are involved in binding and internalization of cholera and tetanus toxins. Nature. 1982 Apr 15;296(5858):651–653. doi: 10.1038/296651a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Orci L., Montesano R., Meda P., Malaisse-Lagae F., Brown D., Perrelet A., Vassalli P. Heterogeneous distribution of filipin--cholesterol complexes across the cisternae of the Golgi apparatus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1981 Jan;78(1):293–297. doi: 10.1073/pnas.78.1.293. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Puszkin S., Kohtz J. D., Schook W. J., Kohtz D. S. Clathrin-coated vesicle subtypes in mammalian brain tissue: detection of polypeptide heterogeneity by immunoprecipitation with monoclonal antibodies. J Neurochem. 1989 Jul;53(1):51–63. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1989.tb07294.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Rodriguez-Boulan E. Polarized assembly of enveloped viruses from cultured epithelial cells. Methods Enzymol. 1983;98:486–501. doi: 10.1016/0076-6879(83)98176-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. Rodriguez-Boulan E., Powell S. K. Polarity of epithelial and neuronal cells. Annu Rev Cell Biol. 1992;8:395–427. doi: 10.1146/annurev.cb.08.110192.002143. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  36. Rothberg K. G., Heuser J. E., Donzell W. C., Ying Y. S., Glenney J. R., Anderson R. G. Caveolin, a protein component of caveolae membrane coats. Cell. 1992 Feb 21;68(4):673–682. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(92)90143-z. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  37. Rothberg K. G., Ying Y. S., Kamen B. A., Anderson R. G. Cholesterol controls the clustering of the glycophospholipid-anchored membrane receptor for 5-methyltetrahydrofolate. J Cell Biol. 1990 Dec;111(6 Pt 2):2931–2938. doi: 10.1083/jcb.111.6.2931. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  38. Rothberg K. G., Ying Y. S., Kolhouse J. F., Kamen B. A., Anderson R. G. The glycophospholipid-linked folate receptor internalizes folate without entering the clathrin-coated pit endocytic pathway. J Cell Biol. 1990 Mar;110(3):637–649. doi: 10.1083/jcb.110.3.637. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  39. Sargiacomo M., Lisanti M., Graeve L., Le Bivic A., Rodriguez-Boulan E. Integral and peripheral protein composition of the apical and basolateral membrane domains in MDCK cells. J Membr Biol. 1989 Mar;107(3):277–286. doi: 10.1007/BF01871942. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  40. Sargiacomo M., Sudol M., Tang Z., Lisanti M. P. Signal transducing molecules and glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol-linked proteins form a caveolin-rich insoluble complex in MDCK cells. J Cell Biol. 1993 Aug;122(4):789–807. doi: 10.1083/jcb.122.4.789. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  41. Severs N. J. Caveolae: static inpocketings of the plasma membrane, dynamic vesicles or plain artifact? J Cell Sci. 1988 Jul;90(Pt 3):341–348. doi: 10.1242/jcs.90.3.341. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  42. Simons K., Wandinger-Ness A. Polarized sorting in epithelia. Cell. 1990 Jul 27;62(2):207–210. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(90)90357-k. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  43. Simons K., van Meer G. Lipid sorting in epithelial cells. Biochemistry. 1988 Aug 23;27(17):6197–6202. doi: 10.1021/bi00417a001. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  44. Wandinger-Ness A., Bennett M. K., Antony C., Simons K. Distinct transport vesicles mediate the delivery of plasma membrane proteins to the apical and basolateral domains of MDCK cells. J Cell Biol. 1990 Sep;111(3):987–1000. doi: 10.1083/jcb.111.3.987. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  45. Ying Y. S., Anderson R. G., Rothberg K. G. Each caveola contains multiple glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol-anchored membrane proteins. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 1992;57:593–604. doi: 10.1101/sqb.1992.057.01.065. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  46. van Meer G. Lipid traffic in animal cells. Annu Rev Cell Biol. 1989;5:247–275. doi: 10.1146/annurev.cb.05.110189.001335. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from The Journal of Cell Biology are provided here courtesy of The Rockefeller University Press

RESOURCES