Skip to main content
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America logoLink to Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
. 1963 Dec;50(6):1026–1032. doi: 10.1073/pnas.50.6.1026

REPRESSED AND ACTIVE CHROMATIN ISOLATED FROM INTERPHASE LYMPHOCYTES*

John H Frenster 1,, Vincent G Allfrey 1, Alfred E Mirsky 1
PMCID: PMC221266  PMID: 14096174

Full text

PDF
1026

Images in this article

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. ALLFREY V. G., LITTAU V. C., MIRSKY A. E. On the role of of histones in regulation ribonucleic acid synthesis in the cell nucleus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1963 Mar 15;49:414–421. doi: 10.1073/pnas.49.3.414. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. ALLFREY V. G., MIRSKY A. E. Evidence for the complete DNA-dependence of RNA synthesis in isolated thymus nuclei. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1962 Sep 15;48:1590–1596. doi: 10.1073/pnas.48.9.1590. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. ALLFREY V. G., MIRSKY A. E., OSAWA S. Protein synthesis in isolated cell nuclei. J Gen Physiol. 1957 Jan 20;40(3):451–490. doi: 10.1085/jgp.40.3.451. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. BEUTLER E., YEH M., FAIRBANKS V. F. The normal human female as a mosaic of X-chromosome activity: studies using the gene for C-6-PD-deficiency as a marker. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1962 Jan 15;48:9–16. doi: 10.1073/pnas.48.1.9. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. BIRNSTIEL M. L., HYDE B. B. Protein synthesis by isolated pea nucleoli. J Cell Biol. 1963 Jul;18:41–50. doi: 10.1083/jcb.18.1.41. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. BRADFIELD J. R., GIBBONS I. R. The fixation of cell nuclei by osmium tetroxide. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1956 Dec;22(3):506–513. doi: 10.1016/0006-3002(56)90061-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. COOPER K. W. Cytogenetic analysis of major heterochromatic elements (especially Xh and Y) in Drosophila melanogaster, and the theory of "heterochromatin". Chromosoma. 1959;10:535–588. doi: 10.1007/BF00396588. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. CRAWLEY J. C., HARRIS H. THE FINE STRUCTURE OF ISOLATED HELA CELL NUCLEI. Exp Cell Res. 1963 Jun;31:70–81. doi: 10.1016/0014-4827(63)90156-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. DAVIES H. G., SPENCER M. The variation in the structure of erythrocyte nuclei with fixation. J Cell Biol. 1962 Sep;14:445–458. doi: 10.1083/jcb.14.3.445. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Doty P., McGill B. B., Rice S. A. THE PROPERTIES OF SONIC FRAGMENTS OF DEOXYRIBOSE NUCLEIC ACID. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1958 May;44(5):432–438. doi: 10.1073/pnas.44.5.432. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. FRENSTER J. H., ALLFREY V. G., MIRSKY A. E. In vitro incorporation of amino acids into the proteins of isolated nuclear ribosomes. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1961 Feb 12;47:130–137. doi: 10.1016/0006-3002(61)90837-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Frenster J. H., Allfrey V. G., Mirsky A. E. METABOLISM AND MORPHOLOGY OF RIBONUCLEOPROTEIN PARTICLES FROM THE CELL NUCLEUS OF LYMPHOCYTES. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1960 Apr;46(4):432–444. doi: 10.1073/pnas.46.4.432. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Grumbach M. M., Morishima A., Taylor J. H. HUMAN SEX CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITIES IN RELATION TO DNA REPLICATION AND HETEROCHROMATINIZATION. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1963 May;49(5):581–589. doi: 10.1073/pnas.49.5.581. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. HAY E. D., REVEL J. P. The fine structure of the DNP component of the nucleus. An electron microscopic study utilizing autoradiography to localize DNA synthesis. J Cell Biol. 1963 Jan;16:29–51. doi: 10.1083/jcb.16.1.29. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. HSU T. C. Differential rate in RNA synthesis between euchromatin and heterochromatin. Exp Cell Res. 1962 Aug;27:332–334. doi: 10.1016/0014-4827(62)90238-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. HUANG R. C., BONNER J. Histone, a suppressor of chromosomal RNA synthesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1962 Jul 15;48:1216–1222. doi: 10.1073/pnas.48.7.1216. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. HUXLEY H. E., ZUBAY G. Preferential staining of nucleic acid-containing structures for electron microscopy. J Biophys Biochem Cytol. 1961 Nov;11:273–296. doi: 10.1083/jcb.11.2.273. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. IZAWA M., ALLEFREY V. G., MIRSKY A. E. The relationship between RNA synthesis and loop structure in lampbrush chromosomes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1963 Apr;49:544–551. doi: 10.1073/pnas.49.4.544. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. LEDUC E. H., BERNHARD W. Ultrastructural cytochemistry. Enzyme and acid hydrolysis of nucleic acids and protein. J Biophys Biochem Cytol. 1961 Jul;10:437–455. doi: 10.1083/jcb.10.3.437. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. LIMA-DE-FARIA A. Differential uptake of tritiated thymidine into hetero- and euchromatin in Melanoplus and Secale. J Biophys Biochem Cytol. 1959 Dec;6:457–466. doi: 10.1083/jcb.6.3.457. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. LIMA-DE-FARIA A., REITALU J. Heterochromatin in human male leukocytes. J Cell Biol. 1963 Feb;16:315–322. doi: 10.1083/jcb.16.2.315. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. LUFT J. H. Improvements in epoxy resin embedding methods. J Biophys Biochem Cytol. 1961 Feb;9:409–414. doi: 10.1083/jcb.9.2.409. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. LYON M. F. Gene action in the X-chromosome of the mouse (Mus musculus L.). Nature. 1961 Apr 22;190:372–373. doi: 10.1038/190372a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. MAGGIO R., SIEKEVITZ P., PALADE G. E. STUDIES ON ISOLATED NUCLEI. I. ISOLATION AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF A NUCLEAR FRACTION FROM GUINEA PIG LIVER. J Cell Biol. 1963 Aug;18:267–291. doi: 10.1083/jcb.18.2.267. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. MAGGIO R., SIEKEVITZ P., PALADE G. E. STUDIES ON ISOLATED NUCLEI. II. ISOLATION AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF NUCLEOLAR AND NUCLEOPLASMIC SUBFRACTIONS. J Cell Biol. 1963 Aug;18:293–312. doi: 10.1083/jcb.18.2.293. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. MCCLINTOCK B. Controlling elements and the gene. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 1956;21:197–216. doi: 10.1101/sqb.1956.021.01.017. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. OHNO S., HAUSCHKA T. S. Allocycly of the X-chromosome in tumors and normal tissues. Cancer Res. 1960 May;20:541–545. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. OHNO S., KAPLAN W. D., KINOSITA R. Formation of the sex chromatin by a single X-chromosome in liver cells of Rattus norvegicus. Exp Cell Res. 1959 Oct;18:415–418. doi: 10.1016/0014-4827(59)90031-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. OHNO S., MAKINO S. The single-X nature of sex chromatin in man. Lancet. 1961 Jan 14;1(7168):78–79. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(61)92120-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. REES K. R., ROWLAND G. F., VARCOE J. S. The metabolism of isolated rat-liver nucleoli and other subnuclear fractions. The active site of amino acid incorporation in the nucleus. Biochem J. 1963 Jan;86:130–136. doi: 10.1042/bj0860130. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. RUSSELL L. B. Genetics of mammalian sex chromosomes. Science. 1961 Jun 9;133(3467):1795–1803. doi: 10.1126/science.133.3467.1795. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. SAINTE-MARIE G., LEBLOND C. P. Origin and fate of cells in the medulla of rat thymus. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1958 Aug-Sep;98(4):909–915. doi: 10.3181/00379727-98-24226. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. STEDMAN E. Cell specificity of histones. Nature. 1950 Nov 4;166(4227):780–781. doi: 10.1038/166780a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. TAYLOR J. H. Asynchronous duplication of chromosomes in cultured cells of Chinese hamster. J Biophys Biochem Cytol. 1960 Jun;7:455–464. doi: 10.1083/jcb.7.3.455. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. WATSON M. L., ALDRIDGE W. G. Methods for the use of indium as an electron stain for nucleic acids. J Biophys Biochem Cytol. 1961 Nov;11:257–272. doi: 10.1083/jcb.11.2.257. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America are provided here courtesy of National Academy of Sciences

RESOURCES