Skip to main content
NCBI home page
The Journal of General Physiology logoLink to The Journal of General Physiology
. 1975 Jun 1;65(6):769–795. doi: 10.1085/jgp.65.6.769

Sodium chloride transport by rabbit gallbladder. Direct evidence for a coupled NaCl influx process

PMCID: PMC2214891  PMID: 172595

Abstract

The results of the present study that NaCl transport by in vitro rabbit gallbladder must be a consequence of a neutral coupled carrier-mediated mechanism that ultimately results in the active absorption of both ions; pure electrical coupling between the movements of Na and Cl can be excluded on the grounds of electrphysiologic considerations. Studies on the unidirectional influxes of Na and Cl have localized the site of this coupled mechanism to the mucosal membranes. Studies on the intracellular ion concentrations and the intracellular electrical potential are consistent with the notion that (a) the coupled NaCl influx process results in the movement of Cl from the mucosal solution into the cell against an apparent electrochemical potential difference; (b) the energy for the uphill movement of Cl is derived from the Na gradient across the mucosal membrane which is maintained by an active Na extrusion mechanism located at the basolateral membranes; and (c) Cl exit from the cell across the basolateral membranes is directed down an electrochemical potential gradient and may be diffusional. Finally, as for the case of rabbit ileum, the coupled NaCl influx process is inhibited by elevated intracellular levels of cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate. A working model for transcellular and paracellular NaCl transport by in vitro rabbit gallbladder is proposed.

Full Text

The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (2.1 MB).

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Binder H. J., Rawlins C. L. Electrolyte transport across isolated large intestinal mucosa. Am J Physiol. 1973 Nov;225(5):1232–1239. doi: 10.1152/ajplegacy.1973.225.5.1232. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Chien W. J., Stevens C. E. Coupled active transport of Na and Cl across forestomach epithelium. Am J Physiol. 1972 Oct;223(4):997–1003. doi: 10.1152/ajplegacy.1972.223.4.997. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. DIAMOND J. M. The mechanism of solute transport by the gall-bladder. J Physiol. 1962 May;161:474–502. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1962.sp006899. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. DIAMOND J. M. The mechanism of water transport by the gall-bladder. J Physiol. 1962 May;161:503–527. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1962.sp006900. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. DIETSCHY J. M. WATER AND SOLUTE MOVEMENT ACROSS THE WALL OF THE EVERTED RABBIT GALL BLADDER. Gastroenterology. 1964 Oct;47:395–408. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Diamond J. M., Bossert W. H. Standing-gradient osmotic flow. A mechanism for coupling of water and solute transport in epithelia. J Gen Physiol. 1967 Sep;50(8):2061–2083. doi: 10.1085/jgp.50.8.2061. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Frederiksen O., Leyssac P. P. Transcellular transport of isosmotic volumes by the rabbit gall-bladder in vitro. J Physiol. 1969 Mar;201(1):201–224. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1969.sp008751. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Frizzell R. A., Nellans H. N., Rose R. C., Markscheid-Kaspi L., Schultz S. G. Intracellular Cl concentrations and influxes across the brush border of rabbit ileum. Am J Physiol. 1973 Feb;224(2):328–337. doi: 10.1152/ajplegacy.1973.224.2.328. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Frizzell R. A., Schultz S. G. Ionic conductances of extracellular shunt pathway in rabbit ileum. Influence of shunt on transmural sodium transport and electrical potential differences. J Gen Physiol. 1972 Mar;59(3):318–346. doi: 10.1085/jgp.59.3.318. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. GRIM E. A MECHANISM FOR ABSORPTION OF SODIUM CHLORIDE SOLUTIONS FROM THE CANINE GALL BLADDER. Am J Physiol. 1963 Aug;205:247–254. doi: 10.1152/ajplegacy.1963.205.2.247. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Kaye G. I., Wheeler H. O., Whitlock R. T., Lane N. Fluid transport in the rabbit gallbladder. A combined physiological and electron microscopic study. J Cell Biol. 1966 Aug;30(2):237–268. doi: 10.1083/jcb.30.2.237. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Lee C. O., Armstrong W. M. Activities of sodium and potassium ions in epithelial cells of small intestine. Science. 1972 Mar 17;175(4027):1261–1264. doi: 10.1126/science.175.4027.1261. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Martin D. W., Diamond J. M. Energetics of coupled active transport of sodium and chloride. J Gen Physiol. 1966 Nov;50(2):295–315. doi: 10.1085/jgp.50.2.295. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Munck B. G. Effects of sugar and amino acid transport on transepithelial fluxes of sodium and chloride of short circuited rat jejunum. J Physiol. 1972 Jun;223(3):699–717. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1972.sp009870. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Nellans H. N., Frizzell R. A., Schultz S. G. Brush-border processes and transepithelial Na and Cl transport by rabbit ileum. Am J Physiol. 1974 May;226(5):1131–1141. doi: 10.1152/ajplegacy.1974.226.5.1131. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Nellans H. N., Frizzell R. A., Schultz S. G. Coupled sodium-chloride influx across the brush border of rabbit ileum. Am J Physiol. 1973 Aug;225(2):467–475. doi: 10.1152/ajplegacy.1973.225.2.467. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Powell D. W., Binder H. J., Curran P. F. Electrolyte secretion by the guinea pig ileum in vitro. Am J Physiol. 1972 Sep;223(3):531–537. doi: 10.1152/ajplegacy.1972.223.3.531. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Quay J. F., Armstrong W. M. Sodium and chloride transport by isolated bullfrog small intestine. Am J Physiol. 1969 Sep;217(3):694–702. doi: 10.1152/ajplegacy.1969.217.3.694. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Rose R. C., Gelarden R. T., Nahrwold D. L. Electrical properties of isolated human gallbladder. Am J Physiol. 1973 Jun;224(6):1320–1326. doi: 10.1152/ajplegacy.1973.224.6.1320. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Rose R. C., Schultz S. G. Studies on the electrical potential profile across rabbit ileum. Effects of sugars and amino acids on transmural and transmucosal electrical potential differences. J Gen Physiol. 1971 Jun;57(6):639–663. doi: 10.1085/jgp.57.6.639. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. SCHULTZ S. G., ZALUSKY R. ION TRANSPORT IN ISOLATED RABBIT ILEUM. I. SHORT-CIRCUIT CURRENT AND NA FLUXES. J Gen Physiol. 1964 Jan;47:567–584. doi: 10.1085/jgp.47.3.567. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Sallee V. L., Wilson F. A., Dietschy J. M. Determination of unidirectional uptake rates for lipids across the intestinal brush border. J Lipid Res. 1972 Mar;13(2):184–192. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Schultz S. G., Curran P. F., Chez R. A., Fuisz R. E. Alanine and sodium fluxes across mucosal border of rabbit ileum. J Gen Physiol. 1967 May;50(5):1241–1260. doi: 10.1085/jgp.50.5.1241. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Schultz S. G., Curran P. F. Coupled transport of sodium and organic solutes. Physiol Rev. 1970 Oct;50(4):637–718. doi: 10.1152/physrev.1970.50.4.637. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Schultz S. G., Fuisz R. E., Curran P. F. Amino acid and sugar transport in rabbit ileum. J Gen Physiol. 1966 May;49(5):849–866. doi: 10.1085/jgp.49.5.849. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Taylor A. E., Wright E. M., Schultz S. G., Curran P. F. Effect of sugars on ion fluxes in intest-ine. Am J Physiol. 1968 Apr;214(4):836–842. doi: 10.1152/ajplegacy.1968.214.4.836. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Turnberg L. A., Bieberdorf F. A., Morawski S. G., Fordtran J. S. Interrelationships of chloride, bicarbonate, sodium, and hydrogen transport in the human ileum. J Clin Invest. 1970 Mar;49(3):557–567. doi: 10.1172/JCI106266. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Whitlock R. T., Wheeler H. O. Anion transport by isolated rabbit gall bladders. Am J Physiol. 1967 Nov;213(5):1199–1204. doi: 10.1152/ajplegacy.1967.213.5.1199. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from The Journal of General Physiology are provided here courtesy of The Rockefeller University Press

RESOURCES