Abstract
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) induces a large increase in the water permeability of the luminal membrane of toad urinary bladder. Measured values of the diffusional water permeability coefficient, Pd(w), are spuriously low, however, because of barriers within the tissue, in series with the luminal membrane, that impede diffusion. We have now determined the water permeability coefficient of these series barriers in fully stretched bladders and find it to be approximately 6.3 X 10(- 4) cm/s. This is equivalent to an unstirred aqueous layer of approximately 400 microns. On the other hand, the permeability coefficient of the bladder to a lipophilic molecule, hexanol, is approximately 9.0 X 10(-4) cm/s. This is equivalent to an unstirred aqueous layer of only 100 microns. The much smaller hindrance to hexanol diffusion than to water diffusion by the series barriers implies a lipophilic component to the barriers. We suggest that membrane-enclosed organelles may be so tightly packed within the cytoplasm of granular epithelial cells that they offer a substantial impediment to diffusion of water through the cell. Alternatively, the lipophilic component of the barrier could be the plasma membranes of the basal cells, which cover most of the basement membrane and thereby may restrict water transport to the narrow spaces between basal and granular cells.
Full Text
The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (777.7 KB).
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Carvounis C. P., Franki N., Levine S. D., Hays R. M. Membrane pathways for water and solutes in the toad bladder: I. Independent activation of water and urea transport. J Membr Biol. 1979 Sep;49(3):253–268. doi: 10.1007/BF01871121. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Cass A., Dalmark M. Equilibrium dialysis of ions in nystatin-treated red cells. Nat New Biol. 1973 Jul 11;244(132):47–49. doi: 10.1038/newbio244047a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Finkelstein A., Holz R. Aqueous pores created in thin lipid membranes by the polyene antibiotics nystatin and amphotericin B. Membranes. 1973;2:377–408. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Finkelstein A. Nature of the water permeability increase induced by antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in toad urinary bladder and related tissues. J Gen Physiol. 1976 Aug;68(2):137–143. doi: 10.1085/jgp.68.2.137. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Grantham J. J., Burg M. B. Effect of vasopressin and cyclic AMP on permeability of isolated collecting tubules. Am J Physiol. 1966 Jul;211(1):255–259. doi: 10.1152/ajplegacy.1966.211.1.255. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hebert S. C., Andreoli T. E. Interactions of temperature and ADH on transport processes in cortical collecting tubules. Am J Physiol. 1980 Jun;238(6):F470–F480. doi: 10.1152/ajprenal.1980.238.6.F470. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Holz R., Finkelstein A. The water and nonelectrolyte permeability induced in thin lipid membranes by the polyene antibiotics nystatin and amphotericin B. J Gen Physiol. 1970 Jul;56(1):125–145. doi: 10.1085/jgp.56.1.125. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kachadorian W. A., Levine S. D. Effect of distension on ADH-induced osmotic water flow in toad urinary bladder. J Membr Biol. 1982;64(3):181–186. doi: 10.1007/BF01870884. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- LICHTENSTEIN N. S., LEAF A. EFFECT OF AMPHOTERICIN B ON THE PERMEABILITY OF THE TOAD BLADDER. J Clin Invest. 1965 Aug;44:1328–1342. doi: 10.1172/JCI105238. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Levine S. D., Jacoby M., Finkelstein A. The water permeability of toad urinary bladder. II. The value of Pf/Pd(w) for the antidiuretic hormone-induced water permeation pathway. J Gen Physiol. 1984 Apr;83(4):543–561. doi: 10.1085/jgp.83.4.543. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Levine S. D., Kachadorian W. A. Barriers to water flow in vasopressin-treated toad urinary bladder. J Membr Biol. 1981;61(2):135–139. doi: 10.1007/BF02007640. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Muller J., Kachadorian W. A., DiScala V. A. Evidence that ADH-stimulated intramembrane particle aggregates are transferred from cytoplasmic to luminal membranes in toad bladder epithelial cells. J Cell Biol. 1980 Apr;85(1):83–95. doi: 10.1083/jcb.85.1.83. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Schafer J. A., Andreoli T. E. Cellular constraints to diffusion. The effect of antidiuretic hormone on water flows in isolated mammalian collecting tubules. J Clin Invest. 1972 May;51(5):1264–1278. doi: 10.1172/JCI106921. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- de Kruijff B., Gerritsen W. J., Oerlemans A., Demel R. A., van Deenen L. L. Polyene antibiotic-sterol interactions in membranes of Acholeplasma laidlawii cells and lecithin liposomes. I. Specificity of the membrane permeability changes induced by the polyene antibiotics. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1974 Feb 26;339(1):30–43. doi: 10.1016/0005-2736(74)90330-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]