Abstract
The dependence of acetylcholine receptor mean single-channel conductance on temperature was studied at garter snake twitch-muscle endplates using fluctuation analysis. In normal saline under conditions where most of the endplate current was carried by Na+, the channel conductance increased continuously from near 0 degrees C to approximately 23 degrees C with a Q10 of 1.97 +/- 0.14 (mean +/- SD). When 50% of the bath Na+ was replaced by either Li+, Rb+, or Cs+, the Q10 did not change significantly; however, at any temperature the channel conductance was greatest in Cs-saline and decreased with the ion sequence Cs greater than Rb greater than Na greater than Li. The results were fit by an Eyring-type model consisting of one free-energy well on the extracellular side of a single energy barrier. Ion selectivity appeared to result from ion-specific differences in the well and not in the barrier of this model. With a constant barrier enthalpy for different ions, well free-energy depth was greatest for Cs+ and graded identical to the permeability sequence. The correlation between increased well depth (i.e., ion binding) and increased channel conductance can be accounted for by the Boltzmann distribution of thermal energy.
Full Text
The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (1.2 MB).
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Adams D. J., Dwyer T. M., Hille B. The permeability of endplate channels to monovalent and divalent metal cations. J Gen Physiol. 1980 May;75(5):493–510. doi: 10.1085/jgp.75.5.493. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Adams D. J., Nonner W., Dwyer T. M., Hille B. Block of endplate channels by permeant cations in frog skeletal muscle. J Gen Physiol. 1981 Dec;78(6):593–615. doi: 10.1085/jgp.78.6.593. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Anderson C. R., Cull-Candy S. G., Miledi R. Potential-dependent transition temperature of ionic channels induced by glutamate in locust muscle. Nature. 1977 Aug 18;268(5621):663–665. doi: 10.1038/268663a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Anderson C. R., Stevens C. F. Voltage clamp analysis of acetylcholine produced end-plate current fluctuations at frog neuromuscular junction. J Physiol. 1973 Dec;235(3):655–691. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1973.sp010410. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ascher P., Marty A., Neild T. O. Life time and elementary conductance of the channels mediating the excitatory effects of acetylcholine in Aplysia neurones. J Physiol. 1978 May;278:177–206. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1978.sp012299. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Burden S. J., Hartzell H. C., Yoshikami D. Acetylcholine receptors at neuromuscular synapses: phylogenetic differences detected by snake alpha-neurotoxins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1975 Aug;72(8):3245–3249. doi: 10.1073/pnas.72.8.3245. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Dionne V. E., Leibowitz M. D. Acetylcholine receptor kinetics. A description from single-channel currents at snake neuromuscular junctions. Biophys J. 1982 Sep;39(3):253–261. doi: 10.1016/S0006-3495(82)84515-3. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Dionne V. E., Parsons R. L. Characteristics of the acetylcholine-operated channel at twitch and slow fibre neuromuscular junctions of the garter snake. J Physiol. 1981 Jan;310:145–158. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1981.sp013541. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Dionne V. E., Stevens C. F. Voltage dependence of agonist effectiveness at the frog neuromuscular junction: resolution of a paradox. J Physiol. 1975 Oct;251(2):245–270. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1975.sp011090. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Dionne V. E. The kinetics of slow muscle acetylcholine-operated channels in the garter snake. J Physiol. 1981 Jan;310:159–190. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1981.sp013542. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Dreyer F., Müller K. D., Peper K., Sterz R. The M. omohyoideus of the mouse as a convenient mammalian muscle preparation. A study of junctional and extrajunctional acetylcholine receptors by noise analysis and cooperativity. Pflugers Arch. 1976 Dec 28;367(2):115–122. doi: 10.1007/BF00585146. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Fischbach G. D., Lass Y. A transition temperature for acetylcholine channel conductance in chick myoballs. J Physiol. 1978 Jul;280:527–536. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1978.sp012399. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gage P. W., Van Helden D. Effects of permeant monovalent cations on end-plate channels. J Physiol. 1979 Mar;288:509–528. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hartzell H. C., Kuffler S. W., Yoshikami D. Post-synaptic potentiation: interaction between quanta of acetylcholine at the skeletal neuromuscular synapse. J Physiol. 1975 Oct;251(2):427–463. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1975.sp011102. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Horn R., Patlak J. Single channel currents from excised patches of muscle membrane. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1980 Nov;77(11):6930–6934. doi: 10.1073/pnas.77.11.6930. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Huang L. Y., Catterall W. A., Ehrenstein G. Selectivity of cations and nonelectrolytes for acetylcholine-activated channels in cultured muscle cells. J Gen Physiol. 1978 Apr;71(4):397–410. doi: 10.1085/jgp.71.4.397. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kuffler S. W., Yoshikami D. The number of transmitter molecules in a quantum: an estimate from iontophoretic application of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular synapse. J Physiol. 1975 Oct;251(2):465–482. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1975.sp011103. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lass Y., Fischbach G. D. A discontinuous relationship between the acetylcholine-activated channel conductance and temperature. Nature. 1976 Sep 9;263(5573):150–151. doi: 10.1038/263150a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lewis C. A. Ion-concentration dependence of the reversal potential and the single channel conductance of ion channels at the frog neuromuscular junction. J Physiol. 1979 Jan;286:417–445. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1979.sp012629. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Marchais D., Marty A. Interaction of permeant ions with channels activated by acetylcholine in Aplysia neurones. J Physiol. 1979 Dec;297(0):9–45. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1979.sp013025. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Nelson D. J., Sachs F. Single ionic channels observed in tissue-cultured muscle. Nature. 1979 Dec 20;282(5741):861–863. doi: 10.1038/282861a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Sachs F., Lecar H. Acetylcholine-induced current fluctuations in tissue-cultured muscle cells under voltage clamp. Biophys J. 1977 Feb;17(2):129–143. doi: 10.1016/S0006-3495(77)85631-2. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]