Skip to main content
NCBI home page
The Journal of Biophysical and Biochemical Cytology logoLink to The Journal of Biophysical and Biochemical Cytology
. 1957 Mar 25;3(2):141–150. doi: 10.1083/jcb.3.2.141

THE NUTRITION OF ANIMAL TISSUES CULTIVATED IN VITRO

IV. AMINO ACID REQUIREMENTS OF CHICK EMBRYONIC HEART FIBROBLASTS

Joseph F Morgan 1, Helen J Morton 1
PMCID: PMC2224088  PMID: 13438897

Abstract

1. The amino acid requirements of freshly explanted chick embryonic heart tissues cultivated in completely synthetic media have been determined, employing a nutritional depletion technique. Arginine, histidine, lysine, tyrosine, tryptophan, phenylalanine, cystine, methionine, threonine, leucine, and valine were found to be essential. Serine, isoleucine, glycine, and glutamine were found to be non-essential. Glutamic acid, aspartic acid, α-alanine, proline, and hydroxyproline were found to be inhibitory in this test system. 2. A total amino acid level of approximately 100 mg. per cent was found to be optimal and DL-amino acids were found to be non-toxic, unless used in high concentrations. 3. A comparison has been made of the amino acid requirements of various types of tissue cultures, of the chick, and of man and certain differences in these requirements have been discussed.

Full Text

The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (615.8 KB).

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. EAGLE H., OYAMA V. I., LEVY M., HORTON C. L., FLEISCHMAN R. The growth response of mammalian cells in tissue culture to L-glutamine and L-glutamic acid. J Biol Chem. 1956 Feb;218(2):607–616. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. EAGLE H. The specific amino acid requirements of a human carcinoma cell (Stain HeLa) in tissue culture. J Exp Med. 1955 Jul 1;102(1):37–48. doi: 10.1084/jem.102.1.37. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. EAGLE H. The specific amino acid requirements of a mammalian cell (strain L) in tissue culture. J Biol Chem. 1955 Jun;214(2):839–852. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. HANKS J. H., WALLACE R. E. Relation of oxygen and temperature in the preservation of tissues by refrigeration. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1949 Jun;71(2):196–200. doi: 10.3181/00379727-71-17131. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. LOWRY O. H., ROSEBROUGH N. J., FARR A. L., RANDALL R. J. Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. J Biol Chem. 1951 Nov;193(1):265–275. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. MAXWELL M., MCCOY T. A., NEUMAN R. E. The amino acid requirements of the Walker carcinosarcoma 256 in vitro. Cancer Res. 1956 Nov;16(10 Pt 1):979–984. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. MORGAN J. F., CAMPBELL M. E., MORTON H. J. The nutrition of animal tissues cultivated in vitro. I. A survey of natural materials as supplements to synthetic medium 199. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1955 Oct;16(2):557–567. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. MORGAN J. F., MORTON H. J., CAMPBELL M. E., GUERIN L. F. The nutrition of animal tissues cultivated in vitro. II. A comparison of various synthetic media. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1956 Jun;16(6):1405–1415. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. MORGAN J. F., MORTON H. J., PARKER R. C. Nutrition of animal cells in tissue culture; initial studies on a synthetic medium. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1950 Jan;73(1):1–8. doi: 10.3181/00379727-73-17557. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. MORGAN J. F., MORTON H. J., PASIEKA A. E. The nutrition of animal tissues cultivated in vitro. III. Use of a depletion technique for determining specific nutritional requirements. J Biophys Biochem Cytol. 1956 Sep 25;2(5):589–596. doi: 10.1083/jcb.2.5.589. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. MORGAN J. F., MORTON H. J. Studies on the sulfur metabolism of tissues cultivated in vitro. I. A critical requirement for L-cystine. J Biol Chem. 1955 Aug;215(2):539–545. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. MORGAN J. F., MORTON H. J. Studies on the sulfur metabolism of tissues cultivated in vitro. II. Optical specificities and interrelationships between cystine and methionine. J Biol Chem. 1956 Jul;221(1):529–535. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. PASIEKA A. E., MORTON H. J., MORGAN J. F. The metabolism of animal tissues cultivated in vitro. I. Amino acid metabolism of chick embryonic-heart fibroblasts cultivated in synthetic medium M 150. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1956 Feb;16(4):995–1009. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. ROSE W. C., HAINES W. J., WARNER D. T. The amino acid requirements of man. V. The rôle of lysine, arginine, and tryptophan. J Biol Chem. 1954 Jan;206(1):421–430. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. WESTFALL B. B., PEPPERS E. V., EARLE W. R. Alpha-Keto acids in tissue culture. I. The concentration of pyruvic and alpha-ketoglutaric acids in the ultrafiltrates from horse serum and chick-embryo extract. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1955 Aug;16(1):337–347. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from The Journal of Biophysical and Biochemical Cytology are provided here courtesy of The Rockefeller University Press

RESOURCES