Abstract
When intracellular chloride activity (aiCl) was monitored with chloride- sensitive liquid ion exchanges (CLIX) microelectrodes in Balanus photoreceptors, replacement of extracellular chloride (Cl0) by methanesulfonate or glutamate was followed by a rapid but incomplete loss of aiCl. When propionate was used as the extracellular anion substitute, CLIX electrodes detected an apparent gain in aiCl, while a newly designed Ag-AgCl wire-in glass microelectrode showed a loss of aiCl under the same conditions. This discrepancy in Cl- washout when propionate replaced Cl0 is explained by the differences in selectivity of CLIX and Ag-AgCl electrodes for native intracellular anions and for the extracellular anion substitute which also replaces Cli and interferes in the determination of aiCl. Both electrodes indicate that ECl approximately Em when the cells are bathed in normal barnacle saline, and both electrodes showed the rate of Cl washout (tau approximately 5 min) to be independent of Cli when Cl0 was replaced by glutamate. Details of Ag-AgCl microelectrode construction are presented. These electrodes were tested and found to be insensitive to the organic anion substitutes used in this study. Selectivity data of CLIX electrodes for several anions of biological interest are described.
Full Text
The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (1.3 MB).
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- ADRIAN R. H. Internal chloride concentration and chloride efflux of frog muscle. J Physiol. 1961 May;156:623–632. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1961.sp006698. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ascher P., Kunze D., Neild T. O. Chloride distribution in Aplysia neurones. J Physiol. 1976 Apr;256(2):441–464. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1976.sp011332. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Brown H. M., Hagiwara S., Koike H., Meech R. M. Membrane properties of a barnacle photoreceptor examined by the voltage clamp technique. J Physiol. 1970 Jun;208(2):385–413. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1970.sp009127. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Brown H. M. Intracellular Na+, K+, and C1- activities in Balanus photoreceptors. J Gen Physiol. 1976 Sep;68(3):281–296. doi: 10.1085/jgp.68.3.281. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Brown H. M., Saunders J. H. Cation and anion sequences in dark-adapted Balanus photoreceptor. J Gen Physiol. 1977 Oct;70(4):531–543. doi: 10.1085/jgp.70.4.531. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hagiwara S., Toyama K., Hayashi H. Mechanisms of anion and cation permeations in the resting membrane of a barnacle muscle fiber. J Gen Physiol. 1971 Apr;57(4):408–434. doi: 10.1085/jgp.57.4.408. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- KEYNES R. D. CHLORIDE IN THE SQUID GIANT AXON. J Physiol. 1963 Dec;169:690–705. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1963.sp007289. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Krebs W., Schaten B. The lateral photoreceptor of the barnacle, Balanus eburneus: quantitative morphology and fine structure. Cell Tissue Res. 1976 May 6;168(2):193–207. doi: 10.1007/BF00215877. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Moore L. E. Anion permeability of frog skeletal muscle. J Gen Physiol. 1969 Jul;54(1):33–52. doi: 10.1085/jgp.54.1.33. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Neild T. O., Thomas R. C. Intracellular chloride activity and the effects of acetylcholine in snail neurones. J Physiol. 1974 Oct;242(2):453–470. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1974.sp010717. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Neild T. O., Thomas R. C. New design for a chloride-sensitive micro-electrode. J Physiol. 1973 May;231(1):7P–8P. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Russell J. M., Brown A. M. Active transport of chloride by the giant neuron of the Aplysia abdominal ganglion. J Gen Physiol. 1972 Nov;60(5):499–518. doi: 10.1085/jgp.60.5.499. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Tasaki I., Singer I. Some problems involved in electric measurements of biological systems. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1968 Feb 1;148(1):36–53. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1968.tb20339.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]