Abstract
Transmembrane movements of K+ and Cl- were studied under a variety of experimental conditions. Potassium was found to carry more than 50% of an externally applied inward positive current. The increase in K+ influx was much greater than that predicted by the purely passive model. The increase in Cl- efflux accounted for less than 10% of the applied current, in agreement with the value predicted for passive movement. 2,4-Dinitrophenol (DNP) caused an 80% reduction in K+ transference and a corresponding increase in the measured electrical resistance of the membrane. DNP also reduced the isotopically measured resting K+ influx and caused a substantial increase in both Cl- influx and efflux. Lowering of the pH from 5.7 to 4.7 also reduced the net K+ influx but without drastically altering the membrane resistance. It appears the major portion of an externally applied current does not travel through passive channels, but rather is shunted through a different membrane component. In conjunction with evidence previously establishing the H+ pump as the primary ion pump in Nitella, the data presented here are consistent with a K+/H+ exchange mechanism which can account for the observed net K+ accumulation and maintenance of the membrane potential above the electrochemical equilibrium potential of the major ions. This mechanism appears to be a likely candidate for the current shunt.
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