Abstract
This distribution of cytokinin activity in tRNA species of Escherichia coli has been determined. Cytokinin activity was restricted to tRNA species recognizing codons with the initial letter U. The following have been shown to contain a cytokinin: tRNAPhe, tRNALeu UUG, tRNASerUCGA, tRNATyr, and tRNATry. tRNACys was present in fractions with cytokinin activity but was not sufficiently pure to prove it to be active. One tRNASer UCCU species was inactive.
All major tRNA species recognizing condons with initial letters other than U were devoid of cytokinin activity in the tobacco bioassay.
The significance of these findings is discussed as providing a possible mechanism of quantitative modulation at the translation stage of gene-controlled protein biosynthesis.
Full text
PDFImages in this article
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Armstrong D. J., Skoog F., Kirkegaard L. H., Hampel A. E., Bock R. M., Gillam I., Tener G. M. Cytokinins: distribution in species of yeast transfer RNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1969 Jun;63(2):504–511. doi: 10.1073/pnas.63.2.504. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Bruce M. I., Zwar J. A. Cytokinin activity of some substituted ureas and thioureas. Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 1966 Aug 16;165(999):245–265. doi: 10.1098/rspb.1966.0067. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Burrows W. J., Armstrong D. J., Skoog F., Hecht S. M., Boyle J. T., Leonard N. J., Occolowitz J. Cytokinin from soluble RNA of Escherichia coli: 6-(3-methyl-2-butenylamino)-2-methylthio-9-beta-D-ribofuranosylpurine. Science. 1968 Aug 16;161(3842):691–693. doi: 10.1126/science.161.3842.691. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Fittler F., Hall R. H. Selective modification of yeast seryl-t-RNA and its effect on the acceptance and binding functions. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1966 Nov 22;25(4):441–446. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(66)90225-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Fox J. E., Chen C. Characterization of labeled ribonucleic acid from tissue grown on 14C-containing cytokinins. J Biol Chem. 1967 Oct 10;242(19):4490–4494. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Fox J. E. Incorporation of a kinin, N, 6-benzyladenine into soluble RNA. Plant Physiol. 1966 Jan;41(1):75–82. doi: 10.1104/pp.41.1.75. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gefter M. L., Russell R. L. Role modifications in tyrosine transfer RNA: a modified base affecting ribosome binding. J Mol Biol. 1969 Jan 14;39(1):145–157. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(69)90339-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gillam I., Blew D., Warrington R. C., von Tigerstrom M., Tener G. M. A general procedure for the isolation of specific transfer ribonucleic acids. Biochemistry. 1968 Oct;7(10):3459–3468. doi: 10.1021/bi00850a022. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gillam I., Millward S., Blew D., von Tigerstrom M., Wimmer E., Tener G. M. The separation of soluble ribonucleic acids on benzoylated diethylaminoethylcellulose. Biochemistry. 1967 Oct;6(10):3043–3056. doi: 10.1021/bi00862a011. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Goodman H. M., Abelson J., Landy A., Brenner S., Smith J. D. Amber suppression: a nucleotide change in the anticodon of a tyrosine transfer RNA. Nature. 1968 Mar 16;217(5133):1019–1024. doi: 10.1038/2171019a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hall R. H., Csonka L., David H., McLennan B. Cytokinins in the soluble RNA of plant tissues. Science. 1967 Apr 7;156(3771):69–71. doi: 10.1126/science.156.3771.69. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Harada F., Gross H. J., Kimura F., Chang S. H., Nishimura S., RajBhandary U. L. 2-Methylthio N6-(delta 2-isopentenyl) adenosine: a component of E. coli tyrosine transfer RNA. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1968 Oct 24;33(2):299–306. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(68)90784-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kende H., Tavares J. E. On the significance of cytokinin incorporation into RNA. Plant Physiol. 1968 Aug;43(8):1244–1248. doi: 10.1104/pp.43.8.1244. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Leonard N. J., Hecht S. M., Skoog F., Schmitz R. Y. CYTOKININS: SYNTHESIS OF 6-(3-METHYL-3-BUTENYLAMINO)-9-beta-D-RIBOFURANOSYLPURINE (3IPA), AND THE EFFECT OF SIDE-CHAIN UNSATURATION ON THE BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF ISOPENTYLAMINOPURINES AND THEIR RIBOSIDES. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1968 Jan;59(1):15–21. doi: 10.1073/pnas.59.1.15. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Leonard N. J., Hecht S. M., Skoog F., Schmitz R. Y. Cytokinins: synthesis, mass spectra, and biological activity of compounds related to zeatin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1969 May;63(1):175–182. doi: 10.1073/pnas.63.1.175. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Madison J. T., Everett G. A., Kung H. K. Oligonucleoides from yeast tyrosine transfer ribonucleic acid. J Biol Chem. 1967 Mar 25;242(6):1318–1323. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Matsubara S., Armstrong D. J., Skoog F. Cytokinins in tRNA of Corynebacterium fascians. Plant Physiol. 1968 Mar;43(3):451–453. doi: 10.1104/pp.43.3.451. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Robins M. J., Hall R. H., Thedford R. N-6-(delta-3-isopentenyl) adenosine. A component of the transfer ribonucleic acid of yeast and of mammalian tissue, methods of isolation, and characterization. Biochemistry. 1967 Jun;6(6):1837–1848. doi: 10.1021/bi00858a035. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- SKOOG F., MILLER C. O. Chemical regulation of growth and organ formation in plant tissues cultured in vitro. Symp Soc Exp Biol. 1957;11:118–130. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Skoog F., Armstrong D. J., Cherayil J. D., Hampel A. E., Bock R. M. Cytokinin activity: localization in transfer RNA preparations. Science. 1966 Dec 9;154(3754):1354–1356. doi: 10.1126/science.154.3754.1354. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Staehelin M., Rogg H., Baguley B. C., Ginsberg T., Wehrli W. Structure of a mammalian serine tRNA. Nature. 1968 Sep 28;219(5161):1363–1365. doi: 10.1038/2191363a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Sundharadas G., Katze J. R., Söll D., Konigsberg W., Lengyel P. On the recognition of serine transfer RNA's specific for unrelated codons by the same seryl-transfer RNA synthetase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1968 Oct;61(2):693–700. doi: 10.1073/pnas.61.2.693. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]