Skip to main content
PMC home page
British Journal of Cancer logoLink to British Journal of Cancer
. 1988 Jan;57(1):6–18. doi: 10.1038/bjc.1988.2

Ionizing radiation-induced mutagenesis.

L H Breimer 1
PMCID: PMC2246688  PMID: 3279995

Full text

PDF
6

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Adelman J. P., Bond C. T., Douglass J., Herbert E. Two mammalian genes transcribed from opposite strands of the same DNA locus. Science. 1987 Mar 20;235(4795):1514–1517. doi: 10.1126/science.3547652. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Ames B. N. Dietary carcinogens and anticarcinogens. Oxygen radicals and degenerative diseases. Science. 1983 Sep 23;221(4617):1256–1264. doi: 10.1126/science.6351251. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Arlett C. F., Turnbull D., Harcourt S. A., Lehmann A. R., Colella C. M. A comparison of the 8-azaguanine and ouabain-resistance systems for the selection of induced mutant Chinese hamster cells. Mutat Res. 1975 Dec;33(2-3):261–278. doi: 10.1016/0027-5107(75)90202-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Arrand J. E., Willis A. E., Goldsmith I., Lindahl T. Different substrate specificities of the two DNA ligases of mammalian cells. J Biol Chem. 1986 Jul 15;261(20):9079–9082. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Ayares D., Ganea D., Chekuri L., Campbell C. R., Kucherlapati R. Repair of single-stranded DNA nicks, gaps, and loops in mammalian cells. Mol Cell Biol. 1987 May;7(5):1656–1662. doi: 10.1128/mcb.7.5.1656. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Bohr V. A., Smith C. A., Okumoto D. S., Hanawalt P. C. DNA repair in an active gene: removal of pyrimidine dimers from the DHFR gene of CHO cells is much more efficient than in the genome overall. Cell. 1985 Feb;40(2):359–369. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(85)90150-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Boiteux S., Laval J. Coding properties of poly(deoxycytidylic acid) templates containing uracil or apyrimidinic sites: in vitro modulation of mutagenesis by deoxyribonucleic acid repair enzymes. Biochemistry. 1982 Dec 21;21(26):6746–6751. doi: 10.1021/bi00269a020. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Boiteux S., Laval J. Imidazole open ring 7-methylguanine: an inhibitor of DNA synthesis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1983 Jan 27;110(2):552–558. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(83)91185-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Boiteux S., O'Connor T. R., Laval J. Formamidopyrimidine-DNA glycosylase of Escherichia coli: cloning and sequencing of the fpg structural gene and overproduction of the protein. EMBO J. 1987 Oct;6(10):3177–3183. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1987.tb02629.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Bonicel A., Mariaggi N., Hughes E., Teoule R. In vitro gamma irradiation of DNA: identification of radioinduced chemical modifications of the adenine moiety. Radiat Res. 1980 Jul;83(1):19–26. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Boorstein R. J., Levy D. D., Teebor G. W. 5-Hydroxymethyluracil-DNA glycosylase activity may be a differentiated mammalian function. Mutat Res. 1987 May;183(3):257–263. doi: 10.1016/0167-8817(87)90008-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Borek C. X-ray induced in vitro neoplastic transformation of human diploid cells. Nature. 1980 Feb 21;283(5749):776–778. doi: 10.1038/283776a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Bradshaw H. D., Jr, Deininger P. L. Human thymidine kinase gene: molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence of a cDNA expressible in mammalian cells. Mol Cell Biol. 1984 Nov;4(11):2316–2320. doi: 10.1128/mcb.4.11.2316. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Breimer L. H. A DNA glycosylase for oxidized thymine residues in Drosophila melanogaster. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1986 Jan 14;134(1):201–204. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(86)90547-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Breimer L. H. Enzymatic excision from gamma-irradiated polydeoxyribonucleotides of adenine residues whose imidazole rings have been ruptured. Nucleic Acids Res. 1984 Aug 24;12(16):6359–6367. doi: 10.1093/nar/12.16.6359. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Breimer L. H., Lindahl T. DNA glycosylase activities for thymine residues damaged by ring saturation, fragmentation, or ring contraction are functions of endonuclease III in Escherichia coli. J Biol Chem. 1984 May 10;259(9):5543–5548. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Breimer L. H., Lindahl T. Enzymatic excision of DNA bases damaged by exposure to ionizing radiation or oxidizing agents. Mutat Res. 1985 Jun-Jul;150(1-2):85–89. doi: 10.1016/0027-5107(85)90104-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Breimer L. H., Lindahl T. Thymine lesions produced by ionizing radiation in double-stranded DNA. Biochemistry. 1985 Jul 16;24(15):4018–4022. doi: 10.1021/bi00336a032. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Breimer L. H., Nalbantoglu J., Meuth M. Structure and sequence of mutations induced by ionizing radiation at selectable loci in Chinese hamster ovary cells. J Mol Biol. 1986 Dec 5;192(3):669–674. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(86)90284-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Breimer L. H. Urea--DNA glycosylase in mammalian cells. Biochemistry. 1983 Aug 30;22(18):4192–4197. doi: 10.1021/bi00287a005. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Breimer L., Lindahl T. A DNA glycosylase from Escherichia coli that releases free urea from a polydeoxyribonucleotide containing fragments of base residues. Nucleic Acids Res. 1980 Dec 20;8(24):6199–6211. doi: 10.1093/nar/8.24.6199. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Brenner D. A., Smigocki A. C., Camerini-Otero R. D. Double-strand gap repair results in homologous recombination in mouse L cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Mar;83(6):1762–1766. doi: 10.1073/pnas.83.6.1762. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Cadet J., Berger M. Radiation-induced decomposition of the purine bases within DNA and related model compounds. Int J Radiat Biol Relat Stud Phys Chem Med. 1985 Feb;47(2):127–143. doi: 10.1080/09553008514550201. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Calos M. P., Lebkowski J. S., Botchan M. R. High mutation frequency in DNA transfected into mammalian cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983 May;80(10):3015–3019. doi: 10.1073/pnas.80.10.3015. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Cerutti P. A. Prooxidant states and tumor promotion. Science. 1985 Jan 25;227(4685):375–381. doi: 10.1126/science.2981433. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Chan E., Weiss B. Endonuclease IV of Escherichia coli is induced by paraquat. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 May;84(10):3189–3193. doi: 10.1073/pnas.84.10.3189. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Chan J. Y., Becker F. F., German J., Ray J. H. Altered DNA ligase I activity in Bloom's syndrome cells. Nature. 1987 Jan 22;325(6102):357–359. doi: 10.1038/325357a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Chang A. C., Nunberg J. H., Kaufman R. J., Erlich H. A., Schimke R. T., Cohen S. N. Phenotypic expression in E. coli of a DNA sequence coding for mouse dihydrofolate reductase. Nature. 1978 Oct 19;275(5681):617–624. doi: 10.1038/275617a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Chetsanga C. J., Lindahl T. Release of 7-methylguanine residues whose imidazole rings have been opened from damaged DNA by a DNA glycosylase from Escherichia coli. Nucleic Acids Res. 1979 Aug 10;6(11):3673–3684. doi: 10.1093/nar/6.11.3673. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Christman M. F., Morgan R. W., Jacobson F. S., Ames B. N. Positive control of a regulon for defenses against oxidative stress and some heat-shock proteins in Salmonella typhimurium. Cell. 1985 Jul;41(3):753–762. doi: 10.1016/s0092-8674(85)80056-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Church G. M., Gilbert W. Genomic sequencing. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Apr;81(7):1991–1995. doi: 10.1073/pnas.81.7.1991. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Clark J. M., Beardsley G. P. Thymine glycol lesions terminate chain elongation by DNA polymerase I in vitro. Nucleic Acids Res. 1986 Jan 24;14(2):737–749. doi: 10.1093/nar/14.2.737. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Conkling M. A., Grunau J. A., Drake J. W. Gamma-ray mutagenesis in bacteriophage T4. Genetics. 1976 Apr;82(4):565–575. doi: 10.1093/genetics/82.4.565. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Cox R., Debenham P. G., Masson W. K., Webb M. B. Ataxia-telangiectasia: a human mutation giving high-frequency misrepair of DNA double-stranded scissions. Mol Biol Med. 1986 Jun;3(3):229–244. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. Cox R., Masson W. K. Do radiation-induced thioguanine-resistant mutants of cultured mammalian cells arise by HGPRT gene mutation or X-chromosome rearrangement? Nature. 1978 Dec 7;276(5688):629–630. doi: 10.1038/276629a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  36. Cox R., Thacker J., Goodhead D. T., Munson R. J. Mutation and inactivation of mammalian cells by various ionising radiations. Nature. 1977 Jun 2;267(5610):425–427. doi: 10.1038/267425a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  37. Cunningham R. P., Saporito S. M., Spitzer S. G., Weiss B. Endonuclease IV (nfo) mutant of Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol. 1986 Dec;168(3):1120–1127. doi: 10.1128/jb.168.3.1120-1127.1986. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  38. Cunningham R. P., Weiss B. Endonuclease III (nth) mutants of Escherichia coli. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Jan;82(2):474–478. doi: 10.1073/pnas.82.2.474. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  39. Das G., Stewart J. W., Sherman F. Mutational alterations induced in yeast by ionizing radiation. Mutat Res. 1986 Dec;163(3):233–245. doi: 10.1016/0027-5107(86)90021-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  40. Demple B., Halbrook J. Inducible repair of oxidative DNA damage in Escherichia coli. Nature. 1983 Aug 4;304(5925):466–468. doi: 10.1038/304466a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  41. Demple B., Halbrook J., Linn S. Escherichia coli xth mutants are hypersensitive to hydrogen peroxide. J Bacteriol. 1983 Feb;153(2):1079–1082. doi: 10.1128/jb.153.2.1079-1082.1983. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  42. DiGuiseppi J., Fridovich I. The toxicology of molecular oxygen. Crit Rev Toxicol. 1984;12(4):315–342. doi: 10.3109/10408448409044213. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  43. DuBridge R. B., Tang P., Hsia H. C., Leong P. M., Miller J. H., Calos M. P. Analysis of mutation in human cells by using an Epstein-Barr virus shuttle system. Mol Cell Biol. 1987 Jan;7(1):379–387. doi: 10.1128/mcb.7.1.379. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  44. Duker N. J., Jensen D. E., Hart D. M., Fishbein D. E. Perturbations of enzymic uracil excision due to purine damage in DNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982 Aug;79(16):4878–4882. doi: 10.1073/pnas.79.16.4878. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  45. Edgren M. R. Nuclear glutathione and oxygen enhancement of radiosensitivity. Int J Radiat Biol Relat Stud Phys Chem Med. 1987 Jan;51(1):3–6. doi: 10.1080/09553008714550431. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  46. Edwards M. J., Taylor A. M., Duckworth G. An enzyme activity in normal and ataxia telangiectasia cell lines which is involved in the repair of gamma-irradiation-induced DNA damage. Biochem J. 1980 Jun 15;188(3):677–682. doi: 10.1042/bj1880677. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  47. Evans H. H., Mencl J., Horng M. F., Ricanati M., Sanchez C., Hozier J. Locus specificity in the mutability of L5178Y mouse lymphoma cells: the role of multilocus lesions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Jun;83(12):4379–4383. doi: 10.1073/pnas.83.12.4379. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  48. Foster P. L., Davis E. F. Loss of an apurinic/apyrimidinic site endonuclease increases the mutagenicity of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine to Escherichia coli. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 May;84(9):2891–2895. doi: 10.1073/pnas.84.9.2891. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  49. Fuscoe J. C., Fenwick R. G., Jr, Ledbetter D. H., Caskey C. T. Deletion and amplification of the HGPRT locus in Chinese hamster cells. Mol Cell Biol. 1983 Jun;3(6):1086–1096. doi: 10.1128/mcb.3.6.1086. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  50. Fuscoe J. C., Ockey C. H., Fox M. Molecular analysis of X-ray-induced mutants at the HPRT locus in V79 Chinese hamster cells. Int J Radiat Biol Relat Stud Phys Chem Med. 1986 Jun;49(6):1011–1020. doi: 10.1080/09553008514553231. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  51. GERSCHMAN R., GILBERT D. L., NYE S. W., DWYER P., FENN W. O. Oxygen poisoning and x-irradiation: a mechanism in common. Science. 1954 May 7;119(3097):623–626. doi: 10.1126/science.119.3097.623. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  52. Game J. C., Zamb T. J., Braun R. J., Resnick M., Roth R. M. The Role of Radiation (rad) Genes in Meiotic Recombination in Yeast. Genetics. 1980 Jan;94(1):51–68. doi: 10.1093/genetics/94.1.51. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  53. Gentil A., Margot A., Sarasin A. Apurinic sites cause mutations in simian virus 40. Mutat Res. 1984 Nov;129(2):141–147. doi: 10.1016/0027-5107(84)90146-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  54. Gibbs R. A., Camakaris J., Hodgson G. S., Martin R. F. Molecular characterization of 125I decay and X-ray-induced HPRT mutants in CHO cells. Int J Radiat Biol Relat Stud Phys Chem Med. 1987 Feb;51(2):193–199. doi: 10.1080/09553008714550691. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  55. Gibbs R. A., Caskey C. T. Identification and localization of mutations at the Lesch-Nyhan locus by ribonuclease A cleavage. Science. 1987 Apr 17;236(4799):303–305. doi: 10.1126/science.3563511. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  56. Giloni L., Takeshita M., Johnson F., Iden C., Grollman A. P. Bleomycin-induced strand-scission of DNA. Mechanism of deoxyribose cleavage. J Biol Chem. 1981 Aug 25;256(16):8608–8615. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  57. Glazer P. M., Sarkar S. N., Summers W. C. Detection and analysis of UV-induced mutations in mammalian cell DNA using a lambda phage shuttle vector. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Feb;83(4):1041–1044. doi: 10.1073/pnas.83.4.1041. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  58. Goncalves O., Drobetsky E., Meuth M. Structural alterations of the aprt locus induced by deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate pool imbalances in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Mol Cell Biol. 1984 Sep;4(9):1792–1799. doi: 10.1128/mcb.4.9.1792. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  59. Goring D. R., Gupta K., DuBow M. S. Analysis of spontaneous mutations in a chromosomally located HSV-1 thymidine kinase (TK) gene in a human cell line. Somat Cell Mol Genet. 1987 Jan;13(1):47–56. doi: 10.1007/BF02422298. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  60. Graf L. H., Jr, Chasin L. A. Direct demonstration of genetic alterations at the dihydrofolate reductase locus after gamma irradiation. Mol Cell Biol. 1982 Jan;2(1):93–96. doi: 10.1128/mcb.2.1.93. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  61. Granger-Schnarr M. Base pair substitution and frameshift mutagenesis induced by apurinic sites and two fluorene derivatives in a recA441 lexA (Def) strain. Mol Gen Genet. 1986 Jan;202(1):90–95. doi: 10.1007/BF00330522. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  62. Green M. H., Lowe J. E., Arlett C. F., Harcourt S. A., Burke J. F., James M. R., Lehmann A. R., Povey S. M. A gamma-ray-resistant derivative of an ataxia telangiectasia cell line obtained following DNA-mediated gene transfer. J Cell Sci Suppl. 1987;6:127–137. doi: 10.1242/jcs.1984.supplement_6.8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  63. Grindley N. D., Reed R. R. Transpositional recombination in prokaryotes. Annu Rev Biochem. 1985;54:863–896. doi: 10.1146/annurev.bi.54.070185.004243. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  64. Grosovsky A. J., Drobetsky E. A., deJong P. J., Glickman B. W. Southern analysis of genomic alterations in gamma-ray-induced aprt- hamster cell mutants. Genetics. 1986 Jun;113(2):405–415. doi: 10.1093/genetics/113.2.405. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  65. Grosovsky A. J., Little J. B. Evidence for linear response for the induction of mutations in human cells by x-ray exposures below 10 rads. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Apr;82(7):2092–2095. doi: 10.1073/pnas.82.7.2092. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  66. Guerrero I., Villasante A., Corces V., Pellicer A. Activation of a c-K-ras oncogene by somatic mutation in mouse lymphomas induced by gamma radiation. Science. 1984 Sep 14;225(4667):1159–1162. doi: 10.1126/science.6474169. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  67. Hahn B. S., Wang S. Y., Flippen J. L., Karle I. L. Radiation chemistry of nucleic acids. Isolation and characterization of glycols of 1-carbamylimidazolidone as products of cytosine. J Am Chem Soc. 1973 Apr 18;95(8):2711–2712. doi: 10.1021/ja00789a064. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  68. Hamilton A. A., Thacker J. Gene recombination in X-ray-sensitive hamster cells. Mol Cell Biol. 1987 Apr;7(4):1409–1414. doi: 10.1128/mcb.7.4.1409. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  69. Hariharan P. V., Achey P. M., Cerutti P. A. Biological effect of thymine ring saturation in coliphage phiX174-DNA. Radiat Res. 1977 Feb;69(2):375–378. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  70. Hariharan P. V., Eleczko S., Smith B. P., Paterson M. C. Normal rejoining of DNA strand breaks in ataxia telangiectasia fibroblast lines after low x-ray exposure. Radiat Res. 1981 Jun;86(3):589–597. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  71. Hauser J., Levine A. S., Dixon K. Unique pattern of point mutations arising after gene transfer into mammalian cells. EMBO J. 1987 Jan;6(1):63–67. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1987.tb04719.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  72. Hayes R. C., LeClerc J. E. Sequence dependence for bypass of thymine glycols in DNA by DNA polymerase I. Nucleic Acids Res. 1986 Jan 24;14(2):1045–1061. doi: 10.1093/nar/14.2.1045. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  73. Henner W. D., Grunberg S. M., Haseltine W. A. Enzyme action at 3' termini of ionizing radiation-induced DNA strand breaks. J Biol Chem. 1983 Dec 25;258(24):15198–15205. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  74. Henner W. D., Grunberg S. M., Haseltine W. A. Sites and structure of gamma radiation-induced DNA strand breaks. J Biol Chem. 1982 Oct 10;257(19):11750–11754. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  75. Higgins S. A., Frenkel K., Cummings A., Teebor G. W. Definitive characterization of human thymine glycol N-glycosylase activity. Biochemistry. 1987 Mar 24;26(6):1683–1688. doi: 10.1021/bi00380a029. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  76. Hollstein M. C., Brooks P., Linn S., Ames B. N. Hydroxymethyluracil DNA glycosylase in mammalian cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Jul;81(13):4003–4007. doi: 10.1073/pnas.81.13.4003. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  77. Hoy C. A., Fuscoe J. C., Thompson L. H. Recombination and ligation of transfected DNA in CHO mutant EM9, which has high levels of sister chromatid exchange. Mol Cell Biol. 1987 May;7(5):2007–2011. doi: 10.1128/mcb.7.5.2007. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  78. Hutchinson F. Chemical changes induced in DNA by ionizing radiation. Prog Nucleic Acid Res Mol Biol. 1985;32:115–154. doi: 10.1016/s0079-6603(08)60347-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  79. Ide H., Kow Y. W., Wallace S. S. Thymine glycols and urea residues in M13 DNA constitute replicative blocks in vitro. Nucleic Acids Res. 1985 Nov 25;13(22):8035–8052. doi: 10.1093/nar/13.22.8035. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  80. Inoue T., Hirano K., Yokoiyama A., Kada T., Kato H. DNA repair enzymes in ataxia telangiectasia and Bloom's syndrome fibroblasts. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1977 Dec 14;479(4):497–500. doi: 10.1016/0005-2787(77)90042-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  81. Joenje H., Nieuwint A. W., Taylor A. M., Harnden D. G. Oxygen toxicity and chromosomal breakage in ataxia telangiectasia. Carcinogenesis. 1987 Feb;8(2):341–344. doi: 10.1093/carcin/8.2.341. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  82. Joenje H. Oxygen: our major carcinogen? Med Hypotheses. 1983 Sep;12(1):55–60. doi: 10.1016/0306-9877(83)90033-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  83. Jolly D. J., Esty A. C., Bernard H. U., Friedmann T. Isolation of a genomic clone partially encoding human hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982 Aug;79(16):5038–5041. doi: 10.1073/pnas.79.16.5038. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  84. Jones N. J., Cox R., Thacker J. Isolation and cross-sensitivity of X-ray-sensitive mutants of V79-4 hamster cells. Mutat Res. 1987 May;183(3):279–286. doi: 10.1016/0167-8817(87)90011-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  85. Kapp D. S., Smith K. C. Repair of radiation-induced damage in Escherichia coli. II. Effect of rec and uvr mutations on radiosensitivity, and repair of x-ray-induced single-strand breaks in deoxyribonucleic acid. J Bacteriol. 1970 Jul;103(1):49–54. doi: 10.1128/jb.103.1.49-54.1970. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  86. Kappen L. S., Goldberg I. H., Liesch J. M. Identification of thymidine-5'-aldehyde at DNA strand breaks induced by neocarzinostatin chromophore. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982 Feb;79(3):744–748. doi: 10.1073/pnas.79.3.744. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  87. Karran P., Lindahl T. Enzymatic excision of free hypoxanthine from polydeoxynucleotides and DNA containing deoxyinosine monophosphate residues. J Biol Chem. 1978 Sep 10;253(17):5877–5879. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  88. Karran P., Lindahl T. Hypoxanthine in deoxyribonucleic acid: generation by heat-induced hydrolysis of adenine residues and release in free form by a deoxyribonucleic acid glycosylase from calf thymus. Biochemistry. 1980 Dec 23;19(26):6005–6011. doi: 10.1021/bi00567a010. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  89. Karran P., Ormerod M. G. Is the ability to repair damage to DNA related to the proliferative capacity of a cell? The rejoining of X-ray-produced strand breaks. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1973 Feb 23;299(1):54–64. doi: 10.1016/0005-2787(73)90397-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  90. Kasai H., Crain P. F., Kuchino Y., Nishimura S., Ootsuyama A., Tanooka H. Formation of 8-hydroxyguanine moiety in cellular DNA by agents producing oxygen radicals and evidence for its repair. Carcinogenesis. 1986 Nov;7(11):1849–1851. doi: 10.1093/carcin/7.11.1849. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  91. Kasai H., Tanooka H., Nishimura S. Formation of 8-hydroxyguanine residues in DNA by X-irradiation. Gan. 1984 Dec;75(12):1037–1039. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  92. Kato T., Oda Y., Glickman B. W. Randomness of base substitution mutations induced in the lacI gene of Escherichia coli by ionizing radiation. Radiat Res. 1985 Feb;101(2):402–406. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  93. Kemp L. M., Jeggo P. A. Radiation-induced chromosome damage in X-ray-sensitive mutants (xrs) of the Chinese hamster ovary cell line. Mutat Res. 1986 Nov;166(3):255–263. doi: 10.1016/0167-8817(86)90025-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  94. Kemp L. M., Sedgwick S. G., Jeggo P. A. X-ray sensitive mutants of Chinese hamster ovary cells defective in double-strand break rejoining. Mutat Res. 1984 Nov-Dec;132(5-6):189–196. doi: 10.1016/0167-8817(84)90037-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  95. Kennedy A. R., Cairns J., Little J. B. Timing of the steps in transformation of C3H 10T 1/2 cells by X-irradiation. Nature. 1984 Jan 5;307(5946):85–86. doi: 10.1038/307085a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  96. Kennedy A. R., Fox M., Murphy G., Little J. B. Relationship between x-ray exposure and malignant transformation in C3H 10T1/2 cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1980 Dec;77(12):7262–7266. doi: 10.1073/pnas.77.12.7262. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  97. Kleckner N., Morisato D., Roberts D., Bender J. Mechanism and regulation of Tn10 transposition. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 1984;49:235–244. doi: 10.1101/sqb.1984.049.01.027. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  98. Koffel-Schwartz N., Maenhaut-Michel G., Fuchs R. P. Specific strand loss in N-2-acetylaminofluorene-modified DNA. J Mol Biol. 1987 Feb 20;193(4):651–659. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(87)90348-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  99. Konecki D. S., Brennand J., Fuscoe J. C., Caskey C. T., Chinault A. C. Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase genes of mouse and Chinese hamster: construction and sequence analysis of cDNA recombinants. Nucleic Acids Res. 1982 Nov 11;10(21):6763–6775. doi: 10.1093/nar/10.21.6763. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  100. Koufos A., Hansen M. F., Copeland N. G., Jenkins N. A., Lampkin B. C., Cavenee W. K. Loss of heterozygosity in three embryonal tumours suggests a common pathogenetic mechanism. Nature. 1985 Jul 25;316(6026):330–334. doi: 10.1038/316330a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  101. Kow Y. W., Wallace S. S. Exonuclease III recognizes urea residues in oxidized DNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Dec;82(24):8354–8358. doi: 10.1073/pnas.82.24.8354. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  102. Krasin F., Hutchinson F. Repair of DNA double-strand breaks in Escherichia coli, which requires recA function and the presence of a duplicate genome. J Mol Biol. 1977 Oct 15;116(1):81–98. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(77)90120-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  103. Kunkel T. A., Schaaper R. M., Loeb L. A. Depurination-induced infidelity of deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis with purified deoxyribonucleic acid replication proteins in vitro. Biochemistry. 1983 May 10;22(10):2378–2384. doi: 10.1021/bi00279a012. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  104. Lebkowski J. S., Clancy S., Miller J. H., Calos M. P. The lacI shuttle: rapid analysis of the mutagenic specificity of ultraviolet light in human cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Dec;82(24):8606–8610. doi: 10.1073/pnas.82.24.8606. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  105. Lehman A. R., Stevens S. The production and repair of double strand breaks in cells from normal humans and from patients with ataxia telangiectasia. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1977 Jan 3;474(1):49–60. doi: 10.1016/0005-2787(77)90213-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  106. Levin D. E., Hollstein M., Christman M. F., Schwiers E. A., Ames B. N. A new Salmonella tester strain (TA102) with A X T base pairs at the site of mutation detects oxidative mutagens. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982 Dec;79(23):7445–7449. doi: 10.1073/pnas.79.23.7445. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  107. Liber H. L., Call K. M., Little J. B. Molecular and biochemical analyses of spontaneous and X-ray-induced mutants in human lymphoblastoid cells. Mutat Res. 1987 May;178(1):143–153. doi: 10.1016/0027-5107(87)90096-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  108. Liber H. L., LeMotte P. K., Little J. B. Toxicity and mutagenicity of X-rays and [125I]dUrd or [3H]TdR incorporated in the DNA of human lymphoblast cells. Mutat Res. 1983 Nov;111(3):387–404. doi: 10.1016/0027-5107(83)90035-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  109. Liber H. L., Leong P. M., Terry V. H., Little J. B. X-rays mutate human lymphoblast cells at genetic loci that should respond only to point mutagens. Mutat Res. 1986 Oct;163(1):91–97. doi: 10.1016/0027-5107(86)90062-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  110. Lindahl T. DNA glycosylases, endonucleases for apurinic/apyrimidinic sites, and base excision-repair. Prog Nucleic Acid Res Mol Biol. 1979;22:135–192. doi: 10.1016/s0079-6603(08)60800-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  111. Lindahl T., Nyberg B. Rate of depurination of native deoxyribonucleic acid. Biochemistry. 1972 Sep 12;11(19):3610–3618. doi: 10.1021/bi00769a018. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  112. Ljungquist S., Andersson A., Lindahl T. A mammalian endonuclease specific for apurinic sites in double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid. II. Further studies on the substrate specificity. J Biol Chem. 1974 Mar 10;249(5):1536–1540. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  113. Loeb L. A. Apurinic sites as mutagenic intermediates. Cell. 1985 Mar;40(3):483–484. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(85)90191-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  114. Loeb L. A., Preston B. D. Mutagenesis by apurinic/apyrimidinic sites. Annu Rev Genet. 1986;20:201–230. doi: 10.1146/annurev.ge.20.120186.001221. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  115. Lowy I., Pellicer A., Jackson J. F., Sim G. K., Silverstein S., Axel R. Isolation of transforming DNA: cloning the hamster aprt gene. Cell. 1980 Dec;22(3):817–823. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(80)90558-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  116. MacGregor G. R., James M. R., Arlett C. F., Burke J. F. Analysis of mutations occurring during replication of a SV40 shuttle vector in mammalian cells. Mutat Res. 1987 May;183(3):273–278. doi: 10.1016/0167-8817(87)90010-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  117. Malling H. V., De Serres F. J. Genetic alterations at the molecular level in x-ray induced ad-3B mutants of Neurospora crassa. Radiat Res. 1973 Jan;53(1):77–87. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  118. Menck C. F., James M. R., Gentil A., Sarasin A. Strategies to analyse mutagenesis in mammalian cells using simian virus 40 or shuttle vectors. J Cell Sci Suppl. 1987;6:323–331. doi: 10.1242/jcs.1984.supplement_6.21. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  119. Meuth M., Arrand J. E. Alterations of gene structure in ethyl methane sulfonate-induced mutants of mammalian cells. Mol Cell Biol. 1982 Nov;2(11):1459–1462. doi: 10.1128/mcb.2.11.1459. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  120. Miller J. H., Low K. B. Specificity of mutagenesis resulting from the induction of the SOS system in the absence of mutagenic treatment. Cell. 1984 Jun;37(2):675–682. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(84)90400-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  121. Miller J. K., Barnes W. M. Colony probing as an alternative to standard sequencing as a means of direct analysis of chromosomal DNA to determine the spectrum of single-base changes in regions of known sequence. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Feb;83(4):1026–1030. doi: 10.1073/pnas.83.4.1026. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  122. Mitchell P. J., Urlaub G., Chasin L. Spontaneous splicing mutations at the dihydrofolate reductase locus in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Mol Cell Biol. 1986 Jun;6(6):1926–1935. doi: 10.1128/mcb.6.6.1926. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  123. Moore P. D., Song K. Y., Chekuri L., Wallace L., Kucherlapati R. S. Homologous recombination in a Chinese hamster X-ray-sensitive mutant. Mutat Res. 1986 Apr;160(2):149–155. doi: 10.1016/0027-5107(86)90038-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  124. Moran M. F., Ebisuzaki K. Base excision repair of DNA in gamma-irradiated human cells. Carcinogenesis. 1987 Apr;8(4):607–609. doi: 10.1093/carcin/8.4.607. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  125. Muller H. J. ARTIFICIAL TRANSMUTATION OF THE GENE. Science. 1927 Jul 22;66(1699):84–87. doi: 10.1126/science.66.1699.84. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  126. Myers R. M., Larin Z., Maniatis T. Detection of single base substitutions by ribonuclease cleavage at mismatches in RNA:DNA duplexes. Science. 1985 Dec 13;230(4731):1242–1246. doi: 10.1126/science.4071043. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  127. Nalbantoglu J., Goncalves O., Meuth M. Structure of mutant alleles at the aprt locus of Chinese hamster ovary cells. J Mol Biol. 1983 Jul 5;167(3):575–594. doi: 10.1016/s0022-2836(83)80099-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  128. Nalbantoglu J., Hartley D., Phear G., Tear G., Meuth M. Spontaneous deletion formation at the aprt locus of hamster cells: the presence of short sequence homologies and dyad symmetries at deletion termini. EMBO J. 1986 Jun;5(6):1199–1204. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1986.tb04347.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  129. Nalbantoglu J., Phear G. A., Meuth M. Nucleotide sequence of hamster adenine phosphoribosyl transferase (aprt) gene. Nucleic Acids Res. 1986 Feb 25;14(4):1914–1914. doi: 10.1093/nar/14.4.1914. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  130. Nalbantoglu J., Phear G., Meuth M. DNA sequence analysis of spontaneous mutations at the aprt locus of hamster cells. Mol Cell Biol. 1987 Apr;7(4):1445–1449. doi: 10.1128/mcb.7.4.1445. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  131. Novack D. F., Casna N. J., Fischer S. G., Ford J. P. Detection of single base-pair mismatches in DNA by chemical modification followed by electrophoresis in 15% polyacrylamide gel. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Feb;83(3):586–590. doi: 10.1073/pnas.83.3.586. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  132. Olivieri G., Bodycote J., Wolff S. Adaptive response of human lymphocytes to low concentrations of radioactive thymidine. Science. 1984 Feb 10;223(4636):594–597. doi: 10.1126/science.6695170. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  133. Painter R. B., Young B. R. DNA synthesis in irradiated mammalian cells. J Cell Sci Suppl. 1987;6:207–214. doi: 10.1242/jcs.1984.supplement_6.14. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  134. Painter R. B., Young B. R. Radiosensitivity in ataxia-telangiectasia: a new explanation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1980 Dec;77(12):7315–7317. doi: 10.1073/pnas.77.12.7315. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  135. Paterson M. C., Smith B. P., Lohman P. H., Anderson A. K., Fishman L. Defective excision repair of gamma-ray-damaged DNA in human (ataxia telangiectasia) fibroblasts. Nature. 1976 Apr 1;260(5550):444–447. doi: 10.1038/260444a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  136. Phear G., Nalbantoglu J., Meuth M. Next-nucleotide effects in mutations driven by DNA precursor pool imbalances at the aprt locus of Chinese hamster ovary cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Jul;84(13):4450–4454. doi: 10.1073/pnas.84.13.4450. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  137. Ponnamperuma C., Lemmon R. M., Bennett E. L., Calvin M. Deamination of Adenine by Ionizing Radiation. Science. 1961 Jul 14;134(3472):113–113. doi: 10.1126/science.134.3472.113. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  138. Preston R. J. The use of inhibitors of DNA-repair in the study of the mechanisms of induction of chromosome aberrations. Cytogenet Cell Genet. 1982;33(1-2):20–26. doi: 10.1159/000131721. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  139. Privalle C. T., Fridovich I. Induction of superoxide dismutase in Escherichia coli by heat shock. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 May;84(9):2723–2726. doi: 10.1073/pnas.84.9.2723. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  140. Razzaque A., Mizusawa H., Seidman M. M. Rearrangement and mutagenesis of a shuttle vector plasmid after passage in mammalian cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983 May;80(10):3010–3014. doi: 10.1073/pnas.80.10.3010. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  141. Resnick M. A., Martin P. The repair of double-strand breaks in the nuclear DNA of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and its genetic control. Mol Gen Genet. 1976 Jan 16;143(2):119–129. doi: 10.1007/BF00266917. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  142. Roginski R. S., Skoultchi A. I., Henthorn P., Smithies O., Hsiung N., Kucherlapati R. Coordinate modulation of transfected HSV thymidine kinase and human globin genes. Cell. 1983 Nov;35(1):149–155. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(83)90217-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  143. Rouet P., Essigmann J. M. Possible role for thymine glycol in the selective inhibition of DNA synthesis on oxidized DNA templates. Cancer Res. 1985 Dec;45(12 Pt 1):6113–6118. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  144. Saiki R. K., Scharf S., Faloona F., Mullis K. B., Horn G. T., Erlich H. A., Arnheim N. Enzymatic amplification of beta-globin genomic sequences and restriction site analysis for diagnosis of sickle cell anemia. Science. 1985 Dec 20;230(4732):1350–1354. doi: 10.1126/science.2999980. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  145. Schaaper R. M., Danforth B. N., Glickman B. W. Mechanisms of spontaneous mutagenesis: an analysis of the spectrum of spontaneous mutation in the Escherichia coli lacI gene. J Mol Biol. 1986 May 20;189(2):273–284. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(86)90509-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  146. Schaaper R. M., Kunkel T. A., Loeb L. A. Infidelity of DNA synthesis associated with bypass of apurinic sites. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983 Jan;80(2):487–491. doi: 10.1073/pnas.80.2.487. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  147. Seeberg E., Steinum A. L. Repair of x-ray-induced deoxyribonucleic acid single-strand breaks in xth mutants of Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol. 1980 Mar;141(3):1424–1427. doi: 10.1128/jb.141.3.1424-1427.1980. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  148. Shadley J. D., Wolff S. Very low doses of X-rays can cause human lymphocytes to become less susceptible to ionizing radiation. Mutagenesis. 1987 Mar;2(2):95–96. doi: 10.1093/mutage/2.2.95. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  149. Shiloh Y., Tabor E., Becker Y. Abnormal response of ataxia-telangiectasia cells to agents that break the deoxyribose moiety of DNA via a targeted free radical mechanism. Carcinogenesis. 1983 Oct;4(10):1317–1322. doi: 10.1093/carcin/4.10.1317. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  150. Simic M. G., Dizdaroglu M. Formation of radiation-induced cross-links between thymine and tyrosine: possible model for cross-linking of DNA and proteins by ionizing radiation. Biochemistry. 1985 Jan 1;24(1):233–236. doi: 10.1021/bi00322a034. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  151. Skulimowski A. W., Turner D. R., Morley A. A., Sanderson B. J., Haliandros M. Molecular basis of X-ray-induced mutation at the HPRT locus in human lymphocytes. Mutat Res. 1986 Aug;162(1):105–112. doi: 10.1016/0027-5107(86)90075-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  152. Smith C. A. DNA repair in specific sequences in mammalian cells. J Cell Sci Suppl. 1987;6:225–241. doi: 10.1242/jcs.1984.supplement_6.16. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  153. Sognier M. A., Hittelman W. N. Loss of repairability of DNA interstrand crosslinks in Fanconi's anemia cells with culture age. Mutat Res. 1983 Mar;108(1-3):383–393. doi: 10.1016/0027-5107(83)90134-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  154. Stankowski L. F., Jr, Hsie A. W. Quantitative and molecular analyses of radiation-induced mutation in AS52 cells. Radiat Res. 1986 Jan;105(1):37–48. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  155. Strauss B., Rabkin S., Sagher D., Moore P. The role of DNA polymerase in base substitution mutagenesis on non-instructional templates. Biochimie. 1982 Aug-Sep;64(8-9):829–838. doi: 10.1016/s0300-9084(82)80138-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  156. Szostak J. W., Orr-Weaver T. L., Rothstein R. J., Stahl F. W. The double-strand-break repair model for recombination. Cell. 1983 May;33(1):25–35. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(83)90331-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  157. Söderhäll S., Lindahl T. DNA ligases of eukaryotes. FEBS Lett. 1976 Aug 1;67(1):1–8. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(76)80858-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  158. Takeshita M., Chang C. N., Johnson F., Will S., Grollman A. P. Oligodeoxynucleotides containing synthetic abasic sites. Model substrates for DNA polymerases and apurinic/apyrimidinic endonucleases. J Biol Chem. 1987 Jul 25;262(21):10171–10179. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  159. Tan K. H., Meyer D. J., Coles B., Ketterer B. Thymine hydroperoxide, a substrate for rat Se-dependent glutathione peroxidase and glutathione transferase isoenzymes. FEBS Lett. 1986 Oct 27;207(2):231–233. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(86)81494-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  160. Teebor G. W., Duker N. J. Human endonuclease activity for DNA apurinic sites. Nature. 1975 Dec 11;258(5535):544–547. doi: 10.1038/258544a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  161. Teebor G. W., Frenkel K., Goldstein M. S. Ionizing radiation and tritium transmutation both cause formation of 5-hydroxymethyl-2'-deoxyuridine in cellular DNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Jan;81(2):318–321. doi: 10.1073/pnas.81.2.318. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  162. Teoule R., Bert C., Bonicel A. Thymine fragment damage retained in the DNA polynucleotide chain after gamma irradiation in aerated solutions. II. Radiat Res. 1977 Nov;72(2):190–200. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  163. Teoule R., Cadet J. Radiation-induced degradation of the base component in DNA and related substances--final products. Mol Biol Biochem Biophys. 1978;27:171–203. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-81196-8_9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  164. Thacker J., Cox R. Mutation induction and inactivation in mammalian cells exposed to ionising radiation. Nature. 1975 Dec 4;258(5534):429–431. doi: 10.1038/258429a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  165. Thacker J., Stephens M. A., Stretch A. Mutation to ouabain-resistance in Chinese hamster cells: induction by ethyl methanesulphonate and lack of induction by ionising radiation. Mutat Res. 1978 Aug;51(2):255–270. doi: 10.1016/s0027-5107(78)80021-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  166. Thacker J. The molecular nature of mutations in cultured mammalian cells: a review. Mutat Res. 1985 Jun-Jul;150(1-2):431–442. doi: 10.1016/0027-5107(85)90140-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  167. Thacker J. The nature of mutants induced by ionising radiation in cultured hamster cells. III. Molecular characterization of HPRT-deficient mutants induced by gamma-rays or alpha-particles showing that the majority have deletions of all or part of the hprt gene. Mutat Res. 1986 May;160(3):267–275. doi: 10.1016/0027-5107(86)90137-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  168. Thacker J. The use of recombinant DNA techniques to study radiation-induced damage, repair and genetic change in mammalian cells. Int J Radiat Biol Relat Stud Phys Chem Med. 1986 Jul;50(1):1–30. doi: 10.1080/09553008614550391. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  169. Thomas D. C., Kunkel T. A., Casna N. J., Ford J. P., Sancar A. Activities and incision patterns of ABC excinuclease on modified DNA containing single-base mismatches and extrahelical bases. J Biol Chem. 1986 Nov 5;261(31):14496–14505. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  170. Totter J. R. Spontaneous cancer and its possible relationship to oxygen metabolism. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1980 Apr;77(4):1763–1767. doi: 10.1073/pnas.77.4.1763. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  171. Urlaub G., Käs E., Carothers A. M., Chasin L. A. Deletion of the diploid dihydrofolate reductase locus from cultured mammalian cells. Cell. 1983 Jun;33(2):405–412. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(83)90422-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  172. Urlaub G., Mitchell P. J., Kas E., Chasin L. A., Funanage V. L., Myoda T. T., Hamlin J. Effect of gamma rays at the dihydrofolate reductase locus: deletions and inversions. Somat Cell Mol Genet. 1986 Nov;12(6):555–566. doi: 10.1007/BF01671941. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  173. Vrieling H., Simons J. W., Arwert F., Natarajan A. T., van Zeeland A. A. Mutations induced by X-rays at the HPRT locus in cultured Chinese hamster cells are mostly large deletions. Mutat Res. 1985 Dec;144(4):281–286. doi: 10.1016/0165-7992(85)90065-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  174. Wake C. T., Wilson J. H. Simian virus 40 recombinants are produced at high frequency during infection with genetically mixed oligomeric DNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1979 Jun;76(6):2876–2880. doi: 10.1073/pnas.76.6.2876. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  175. Walker G. C. Mutagenesis and inducible responses to deoxyribonucleic acid damage in Escherichia coli. Microbiol Rev. 1984 Mar;48(1):60–93. doi: 10.1128/mr.48.1.60-93.1984. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  176. Ward J. F. Biochemistry of DNA lesions. Radiat Res Suppl. 1985;8:S103–S111. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  177. Ward J. F., Kuo I. Strand breaks, base release, and postirradiation changes in DNA gamma-irradiated in dilute O2-saturated aqueous solution. Radiat Res. 1976 Jun;66(3):485–498. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  178. Weinert T. A., Derbyshire K. M., Hughson F. M., Grindley N. D. Replicative and conservative transpositional recombination of insertion sequences. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 1984;49:251–260. doi: 10.1101/sqb.1984.049.01.029. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  179. Willis A. E., Lindahl T. DNA ligase I deficiency in Bloom's syndrome. Nature. 1987 Jan 22;325(6102):355–357. doi: 10.1038/325355a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  180. Wilson J. M., Stout J. T., Palella T. D., Davidson B. L., Kelley W. N., Caskey C. T. A molecular survey of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency in man. J Clin Invest. 1986 Jan;77(1):188–195. doi: 10.1172/JCI112275. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  181. Witkin E. M. Ultraviolet mutagenesis and inducible DNA repair in Escherichia coli. Bacteriol Rev. 1976 Dec;40(4):869–907. doi: 10.1128/br.40.4.869-907.1976. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  182. Wood R. D., Burki H. J., Hughes M., Poley A. Radiation-induced lethality and mutation in a repair-deficient CHO cell line. Int J Radiat Biol Relat Stud Phys Chem Med. 1983 Feb;43(2):207–213. doi: 10.1080/09553008314550241. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  183. Wood W. I., Gitschier J., Lasky L. A., Lawn R. M. Base composition-independent hybridization in tetramethylammonium chloride: a method for oligonucleotide screening of highly complex gene libraries. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Mar;82(6):1585–1588. doi: 10.1073/pnas.82.6.1585. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  184. Yandell D. W., Dryja T. P., Little J. B. Somatic mutations at a heterozygous autosomal locus in human cells occur more frequently by allele loss than by intragenic structural alterations. Somat Cell Mol Genet. 1986 May;12(3):255–263. doi: 10.1007/BF01570784. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  185. Yang T. P., Patel P. I., Chinault A. C., Stout J. T., Jackson L. G., Hildebrand B. M., Caskey C. T. Molecular evidence for new mutation at the hprt locus in Lesch-Nyhan patients. Nature. 1984 Aug 2;310(5976):412–414. doi: 10.1038/310412a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  186. Yatagai F., Horsfall M. J., Glickman B. W. Defect in excision repair alters the mutational specificity of PUVA treatment in the lacI gene of Escherichia coli. J Mol Biol. 1987 Apr 20;194(4):601–607. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(87)90237-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  187. de Saint Vincent B. R., Wahl G. M. Homologous recombination in mammalian cells mediates formation of a functional gene from two overlapping gene fragments. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983 Apr;80(7):2002–2006. doi: 10.1073/pnas.80.7.2002. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from British Journal of Cancer are provided here courtesy of Cancer Research UK

RESOURCES