Full text
PDF


Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Barlow R. D., Stone R. B., Wald N. J., Puhakainen E. V. The direct barbituric acid assay for nicotine metabolites in urine: a simple colorimetric test for the routine assessment of smoking status and cigarette smoke intake. Clin Chim Acta. 1987 May 29;165(1):45–52. doi: 10.1016/0009-8981(87)90217-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Bulbrook R. D., Moore J. W., Clark G. M., Wang D. Y., Millis R. R., Hayward J. L. Relation between risk of breast cancer and biological availability of estradiol in the blood: prospective study in Guernsey. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1986;464:378–388. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1986.tb16017.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Doll R., Gray R., Hafner B., Peto R. Mortality in relation to smoking: 22 years' observations on female British doctors. Br Med J. 1980 Apr 5;280(6219):967–971. doi: 10.1136/bmj.280.6219.967. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Doll R. Landmark perspective: Smoking and death rates. JAMA. 1984 Jun 1;251(21):2854–2857. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Doll R., Peto R. Cigarette smoking and bronchial carcinoma: dose and time relationships among regular smokers and lifelong non-smokers. J Epidemiol Community Health. 1978 Dec;32(4):303–313. doi: 10.1136/jech.32.4.303. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Feyerabend C., Higenbottam T., Russell M. A. Nicotine concentrations in urine and saliva of smokers and non-smokers. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1982 Apr 3;284(6321):1002–1004. doi: 10.1136/bmj.284.6321.1002. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Haddow J. E., Knight G. J., Palomaki G. E., Kloza E. M., Wald N. J. Cigarette consumption and serum cotinine in relation to birthweight. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1987 Jul;94(7):678–681. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1987.tb03174.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hirayama T. The problem of smoking and lung cancer in Japan with special reference to the rising trend in age-specific mortality rate by number of cigarettes smoked daily. Jpn J Cancer Res. 1987 Mar;78(3):203–210. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Holland W. W., Colley J. R., North F. Low-tar cigarettes put to the test. Lancet. 1986 Jul 19;2(8499):156–156. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(86)91963-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Idle J. R., Mahgoub A., Sloan T. P., Smith R. L., Mbanefo C. O., Bababunmi E. A. Some observations on the oxidation phenotype status of Nigerian patients presenting with cancer. Cancer Lett. 1981 Feb;11(4):331–338. doi: 10.1016/0304-3835(81)90099-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Knight G. J., Wylie P., Holman M. S., Haddow J. E. Improved 125I radioimmunoassay for cotinine by selective removal of bridge antibodies. Clin Chem. 1985 Jan;31(1):118–121. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Loeb L. A., Ernster V. L., Warner K. E., Abbotts J., Laszlo J. Smoking and lung cancer: an overview. Cancer Res. 1984 Dec;44(12 Pt 1):5940–5958. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Maslow W. C., Muensch H. A., Azama F., Schneider A. S. Sensitive fluorometry of heat-stable alkaline phosphatase (Regan enzyme) activity in serum from smokers and nonsmokers. Clin Chem. 1983 Feb;29(2):260–263. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- McLaughlin P. J., Travers P. J., McDicken I. W., Johnson P. M. Demonstration of placental and placental-like alkaline phosphatase in non-malignant human tissue extracts using monoclonal antibodies in an enzyme immunoassay. Clin Chim Acta. 1984 Mar 13;137(3):341–348. doi: 10.1016/0009-8981(84)90122-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Peach H., Ellard G. A., Jenner P. J., Morris R. W. A simple, inexpensive urine test of smoking. Thorax. 1985 May;40(5):351–357. doi: 10.1136/thx.40.5.351. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Peach H., Shah D., Morris R. W. Validity of smokers' information about present and past cigarette brands--implications for studies of the effects of falling tar yields of cigarettes on health. Thorax. 1986 Mar;41(3):203–207. doi: 10.1136/thx.41.3.203. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Puhakainen E. V., Barlow R. D., Salonen J. T. An automated colorimetric assay for urine nicotine metabolites: a suitable alternative to cotinine assays for the assessment of smoking status. Clin Chim Acta. 1987 Dec;170(2-3):255–262. doi: 10.1016/0009-8981(87)90135-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Russell M. A. Low-tar medium-nicotine cigarettes: a new approach to safer smoking. Br Med J. 1976 Jun 12;1(6023):1430–1433. doi: 10.1136/bmj.1.6023.1430. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Sillett R. W., Wilson M. B., Malcolm R. E., Ball K. P. Deception among smokers. Br Med J. 1978 Oct 28;2(6146):1185–1186. doi: 10.1136/bmj.2.6146.1185. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Tonik S. E., Ortmeyer A. E., Shindelman J. E., Sussman H. H. Elevation of serum placental alkaline phosphatase levels in cigarette smokers. Int J Cancer. 1983 Jan 15;31(1):51–53. doi: 10.1002/ijc.2910310109. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Tucker D. F., Oliver R. T., Travers P., Bodmer W. F. Serum marker potential of placental alkaline phosphatase-like activity in testicular germ cell tumours evaluated by H17E2 monoclonal antibody assay. Br J Cancer. 1985 May;51(5):631–639. doi: 10.1038/bjc.1985.95. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Williams G. H., McLaughlin P. J., Johnson P. M. Tissue origin of serum placental-like alkaline phosphatase in cigarette smokers. Clin Chim Acta. 1986 Mar 28;155(3):329–333. doi: 10.1016/0009-8981(86)90252-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
