Skip to main content
NCBI home page
British Journal of Cancer logoLink to British Journal of Cancer
. 1989 Nov;60(5):657–660. doi: 10.1038/bjc.1989.334

Transforming growth factor alpha and epidermal growth factor levels in normal human gastrointestinal mucosa.

S A Cartlidge 1, J B Elder 1
PMCID: PMC2247287  PMID: 2803941

Abstract

Acid soluble proteins from 23 samples of normal human gastrointestinal mucosa derived from four normal adult organ donors were extracted and subjected to specific radiommunoassays for transforming growth factor alpha (TGF alpha) and urogastrone epidermal growth factor (URO-EGF). All tissues were found to contain immunoreactive TGF alpha and levels ranged from 57 to 4,776 pg-1 wet weight of tissue. Although levels varied between tissue donors, the distribution of TGF alpha throughout the gastrointestinal tract appeared similar in all cases. URO-EGF levels were much lower (0-216 pg g-1 wet weight). TGF alpha levels in extracts of gastrointestinal mucosa from a 7-year-old female donor were higher and the observed distribution was markedly different from adult levels. URO-EGF was not detected in mucosal or submucosal tissue extracts from this patient. Further studies in juveniles are indicated.

Full text

PDF
657

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Anzano M. A., Roberts A. B., Meyers C. A., Komoriya A., Lamb L. C., Smith J. M., Sporn M. B. Synergistic interaction of two classes of transforming growth factors from murine sarcoma cells. Cancer Res. 1982 Nov;42(11):4776–4778. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Bullock L. P., Barthe P. L., Mowszowicz I., Orth D. N., Bardin C. W. The effect of progestins on submaxillary gland epidermal growth factor: demonstration of androgenic, synandrogenic and antiandrogenic actions. Endocrinology. 1975 Jul;97(1):189–195. doi: 10.1210/endo-97-1-189. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Burgess A. W. Epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor alpha. Br Med Bull. 1989 Apr;45(2):401–424. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.bmb.a072331. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Coffey R. J., Jr, Derynck R., Wilcox J. N., Bringman T. S., Goustin A. S., Moses H. L., Pittelkow M. R. Production and auto-induction of transforming growth factor-alpha in human keratinocytes. 1987 Aug 27-Sep 2Nature. 328(6133):817–820. doi: 10.1038/328817a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Derynck R. Transforming growth factor-alpha: structure and biological activities. J Cell Biochem. 1986;32(4):293–304. doi: 10.1002/jcb.240320406. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Elder J. B., Williams G., Lacey E., Gregory H. Cellular localisation of human urogastrone/epidermal growth factor. Nature. 1978 Feb 2;271(5644):466–467. doi: 10.1038/271466a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Gan B. S., Hollenberg M. D., MacCannell K. L., Lederis K., Winkler M. E., Derynck R. Distinct vascular actions of epidermal growth factor-urogastrone and transforming growth factor-alpha. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1987 Jul;242(1):331–337. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Goustin A. S., Leof E. B., Shipley G. D., Moses H. L. Growth factors and cancer. Cancer Res. 1986 Mar;46(3):1015–1029. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Gregory H. Isolation and structure of urogastrone and its relationship to epidermal growth factor. Nature. 1975 Sep 25;257(5524):325–327. doi: 10.1038/257325a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Gregory H., Walsh S., Hopkins C. R. The identification of urogastrone in serum, saliva, and gastric juice. Gastroenterology. 1979 Aug;77(2):313–318. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Gresik E. W., Schenkein I., van der Noen H., Barka T. Hormonal regulation of epidermal growth factor and protease in the submandibular gland of the adult mouse. Endocrinology. 1981 Sep;109(3):924–929. doi: 10.1210/endo-109-3-924. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Gubits R. M., Shaw P. A., Gresik E. W., Onetti-Muda A., Barka T. Epidermal growth factor gene expression is regulated differently in mouse kidney and submandibular gland. Endocrinology. 1986 Sep;119(3):1382–1387. doi: 10.1210/endo-119-3-1382. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Hirata Y., Orth D. N. Epidermal growth factor (urogastrone) in human fluids: size heterogeneity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1979 Apr;48(4):673–679. doi: 10.1210/jcem-48-4-673. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Ibbotson K. J., Harrod J., Gowen M., D'Souza S., Smith D. D., Winkler M. E., Derynck R., Mundy G. R. Human recombinant transforming growth factor alpha stimulates bone resorption and inhibits formation in vitro. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Apr;83(7):2228–2232. doi: 10.1073/pnas.83.7.2228. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Kim M. K., Warren T. C., Kimball E. S. Purification and characterization of a low molecular weight transforming growth factor from the urine of melanoma patients. J Biol Chem. 1985 Aug 5;260(16):9237–9243. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Kurachi H., Oka T. Regulation of the level of epidermal growth factor by oestrogen in the submandibular gland of female mice. J Endocrinol. 1986 May;109(2):221–225. doi: 10.1677/joe.0.1090221. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Marquardt H., Hunkapiller M. W., Hood L. E., Twardzik D. R., De Larco J. E., Stephenson J. R., Todaro G. J. Transforming growth factors produced by retrovirus-transformed rodent fibroblasts and human melanoma cells: amino acid sequence homology with epidermal growth factor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983 Aug;80(15):4684–4688. doi: 10.1073/pnas.80.15.4684. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Oka Y., Orth D. N. Human plasma epidermal growth factor/beta-urogastrone is associated with blood platelets. J Clin Invest. 1983 Jul;72(1):249–259. doi: 10.1172/JCI110964. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Okamoto S., Oka T. Evidence for physiological function of epidermal growth factor: pregestational sialoadenectomy of mice decreases milk production and increases offspring mortality during lactation period. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Oct;81(19):6059–6063. doi: 10.1073/pnas.81.19.6059. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Opleta K., O'Loughlin E. V., Shaffer E. A., Hayden J., Hollenberg M., Gall D. G. Effect of epidermal growth factor on growth and postnatal development of the rabbit liver. Am J Physiol. 1987 Nov;253(5 Pt 1):G622–G626. doi: 10.1152/ajpgi.1987.253.5.G622. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Roberts A. B., Lamb L. C., Newton D. L., Sporn M. B., De Larco J. E., Todaro G. J. Transforming growth factors: isolation of polypeptides from virally and chemically transformed cells by acid/ethanol extraction. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1980 Jun;77(6):3494–3498. doi: 10.1073/pnas.77.6.3494. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Schreiber A. B., Winkler M. E., Derynck R. Transforming growth factor-alpha: a more potent angiogenic mediator than epidermal growth factor. Science. 1986 Jun 6;232(4755):1250–1253. doi: 10.1126/science.2422759. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Smith J. M., Sporn M. B., Roberts A. B., Derynck R., Winkler M. E., Gregory H. Human transforming growth factor-alpha causes precocious eyelid opening in newborn mice. Nature. 1985 Jun 6;315(6019):515–516. doi: 10.1038/315515a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Sporn M. B., Roberts A. B. Autocrine growth factors and cancer. 1985 Feb 28-Mar 6Nature. 313(6005):745–747. doi: 10.1038/313745a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Sporn M. B., Roberts A. B. Peptide growth factors and inflammation, tissue repair, and cancer. J Clin Invest. 1986 Aug;78(2):329–332. doi: 10.1172/JCI112580. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Ullrich A., Coussens L., Hayflick J. S., Dull T. J., Gray A., Tam A. W., Lee J., Yarden Y., Libermann T. A., Schlessinger J. Human epidermal growth factor receptor cDNA sequence and aberrant expression of the amplified gene in A431 epidermoid carcinoma cells. 1984 May 31-Jun 6Nature. 309(5967):418–425. doi: 10.1038/309418a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Walker P., Weichsel M. E., Jr, Hoath S. B., Poland R. E., Fisher D. A. Effect of thyroxine, testosterone, and corticosterone on nerve growth factor (NGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) concentrations in adult female mouse submaxillary gland: dissociation of NGF and EGF responses. Endocrinology. 1981 Aug;109(2):582–587. doi: 10.1210/endo-109-2-582. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Yeh Y. C., Tsai J. F., Chuang L. Y., Yeh H. W., Tsai J. H., Florine D. L., Tam J. P. Elevation of transforming growth factor alpha and its relationship to the epidermal growth factor and alpha-fetoprotein levels in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Res. 1987 Feb 1;47(3):896–901. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from British Journal of Cancer are provided here courtesy of Cancer Research UK

RESOURCES