Skip to main content
NCBI home page
Epidemiology and Infection logoLink to Epidemiology and Infection
. 1996 Dec;117(3):411–416. doi: 10.1017/s0950268800059057

Incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease and distribution of capsular types of pneumococci in Denmark, 1989-94.

S V Nielsen 1, J Henrichsen 1
PMCID: PMC2271638  PMID: 8972663

Abstract

During the period 1989-94, 4620 strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae (4063 from blood and 557 from cerebrospinal fluid), from cases of invasive disease in Denmark, were received for capsular typing and penicillin susceptibility testing. During the study period the incidence of bacteraemic pneumococcal disease increased from 10 to 18 cases per 100000 inhabitants per year. The highest rates were seen in the very young, age less than 5 years (23/100000/year, in 1994), and in the elderly, age greater than 60 years (55/100000/year, in 1994). The annual number of cases of meningitis did not vary. Overall, 92% (93% blood, 87% CSF) of isolates and 94% of all childhood isolates belonged to the 23 vaccine types. The capsular types occurring most commonly among the 4123 pneumococcal strains from adults were types 1, 4, 14, 6A + 6B, 7F, 9V, 3, 12F, and 8 (in order of frequency). The ten most frequently occurring types from children (6A + 6B, 18C, 14, 1, 7F, 19F, 9V, 4, and 23F) covered 84% of the cases of bacteraemia and meningitis. Reduced susceptibility to penicillin was rare (< 1%).

Full text

PDF
411

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Appelbaum P. C. Antimicrobial resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae: an overview. Clin Infect Dis. 1992 Jul;15(1):77–83. doi: 10.1093/clinids/15.1.77. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Austrian R., Boettger C., Dole M., Fairly L., Freid M. Streptococcus pneumoniae type 16A, a hitherto undescribed pneumococcal type. J Clin Microbiol. 1985 Jul;22(1):127–128. doi: 10.1128/jcm.22.1.127-128.1985. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Broome C. V., Facklam R. R. Epidemiology of clinically significant isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae in the United States. Rev Infect Dis. 1981 Mar-Apr;3(2):277–281. doi: 10.1093/clinids/3.2.277. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Butler J. C., Breiman R. F., Lipman H. B., Hofmann J., Facklam R. R. Serotype distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae infections among preschool children in the United States, 1978-1994: implications for development of a conjugate vaccine. J Infect Dis. 1995 Apr;171(4):885–889. doi: 10.1093/infdis/171.4.885. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Davidson M., Parkinson A. J., Bulkow L. R., Fitzgerald M. A., Peters H. V., Parks D. J. The epidemiology of invasive pneumococcal disease in Alaska, 1986-1990--ethnic differences and opportunities for prevention. J Infect Dis. 1994 Aug;170(2):368–376. doi: 10.1093/infdis/170.2.368. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Ekdahl K., Kamme C. Increasing resistance to penicillin in Streptococcus pneumoniae in southern Sweden. Scand J Infect Dis. 1994;26(3):301–305. doi: 10.3109/00365549409011799. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Eskola J., Takala A. K., Kela E., Pekkanen E., Kalliokoski R., Leinonen M. Epidemiology of invasive pneumococcal infections in children in Finland. JAMA. 1992 Dec 16;268(23):3323–3327. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Finland M., Barnes M. W. Changes in occurrence of capsular serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae at Boston City Hospital during selected years between 1935 and 1974. J Clin Microbiol. 1977 Feb;5(2):154–166. doi: 10.1128/jcm.5.2.154-166.1977. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Gransden W. R., Eykyn S. J., Phillips I. Pneumococcal bacteraemia: 325 episodes diagnosed at St Thomas's Hospital. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1985 Feb 16;290(6467):505–508. doi: 10.1136/bmj.290.6467.505. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Gray B. M., Dillon H. C., Jr Clinical and epidemiologic studies of pneumococcal infection in children. Pediatr Infect Dis. 1986 Mar-Apr;5(2):201–207. doi: 10.1097/00006454-198603000-00009. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Henrichsen J. Six newly recognized types of Streptococcus pneumoniae. J Clin Microbiol. 1995 Oct;33(10):2759–2762. doi: 10.1128/jcm.33.10.2759-2762.1995. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Klugman K. P., Koornhof H. J. Drug resistance patterns and serogroups or serotypes of pneumococcal isolates from cerebrospinal fluid or blood, 1979-1986. J Infect Dis. 1988 Nov;158(5):956–964. doi: 10.1093/infdis/158.5.956. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Klugman K. P. Pneumococcal resistance to antibiotics. Clin Microbiol Rev. 1990 Apr;3(2):171–196. doi: 10.1128/cmr.3.2.171. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Kristinsson K. G., Hjálmarsdóttir M. A., Steingrímsson O. Increasing penicillin resistance in pneumococci in Iceland. Lancet. 1992 Jun 27;339(8809):1606–1607. doi: 10.1016/0140-6736(92)91868-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Magnus T., Andersen B. M. Serotypes and resistance patterns of Streptococcus pneumoniae causing systemic disease in northern Norway. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 1995 Mar;14(3):229–234. doi: 10.1007/BF02310362. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Munoz R., Musser J. M., Crain M., Briles D. E., Marton A., Parkinson A. J., Sorensen U., Tomasz A. Geographic distribution of penicillin-resistant clones of Streptococcus pneumoniae: characterization by penicillin-binding protein profile, surface protein A typing, and multilocus enzyme analysis. Clin Infect Dis. 1992 Jul;15(1):112–118. doi: 10.1093/clinids/15.1.112. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Muñoz R., Coffey T. J., Daniels M., Dowson C. G., Laible G., Casal J., Hakenbeck R., Jacobs M., Musser J. M., Spratt B. G. Intercontinental spread of a multiresistant clone of serotype 23F Streptococcus pneumoniae. J Infect Dis. 1991 Aug;164(2):302–306. doi: 10.1093/infdis/164.2.302. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Nielsen S. V., Henrichsen J. Capsular types and susceptibility to penicillin of pneumococci isolated from cerebrospinal fluid or blood in Denmark, 1983-1988. Scand J Infect Dis. 1993;25(2):165–170. doi: 10.3109/00365549309008480. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Nielsen S. V., Henrichsen J. Capsular types of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from blood and CSF during 1982-1987. Clin Infect Dis. 1992 Nov;15(5):794–798. doi: 10.1093/clind/15.5.794. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Nissinen A., Leinonen M., Huovinen P., Herva E., Katila M. L., Kontiainen S., Liimatainen O., Oinonen S., Takala A. K., Mäkelä P. H. Antimicrobial resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Finland, 1987-1990. Clin Infect Dis. 1995 May;20(5):1275–1280. doi: 10.1093/clinids/20.5.1275. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Parkinson A. J., Davidson M., Fitzgerald M. A., Bulkow L. R., Parks D. J. Serotype distribution and antimicrobial resistance patterns of invasive isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae: Alaska 1986-1990. J Infect Dis. 1994 Aug;170(2):461–464. doi: 10.1093/infdis/170.2.461. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Robbins J. B., Austrian R., Lee C. J., Rastogi S. C., Schiffman G., Henrichsen J., Mäkelä P. H., Broome C. V., Facklam R. R., Tiesjema R. H. Considerations for formulating the second-generation pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide vaccine with emphasis on the cross-reactive types within groups. J Infect Dis. 1983 Dec;148(6):1136–1159. doi: 10.1093/infdis/148.6.1136. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Robbins J. B., Lee C. J., Rastogi S. C., Schiffman G., Henrichsen J. Comparative immunogenicity of group 6 pneumococcal type 6A(6) and type 6B(26) capsular polysaccharides. Infect Immun. 1979 Dec;26(3):1116–1122. doi: 10.1128/iai.26.3.1116-1122.1979. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Shapiro E. D., Austrian R. Serotypes responsible for invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae infections among children in Connecticut. J Infect Dis. 1994 Jan;169(1):212–214. doi: 10.1093/infdis/169.1.212. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Steinhoff M. C. Developing and deploying pneumococcal and haemophilus vaccines. Lancet. 1993 Sep 11;342(8872):630–631. doi: 10.1016/0140-6736(93)91754-a. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Epidemiology and Infection are provided here courtesy of Cambridge University Press

RESOURCES