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. 1996 Oct;117(2):297–304. doi: 10.1017/s0950268800001473

Cryptosporidiosis in Wisconsin: a case-control study of post-outbreak transmission.

P Osewe 1, D G Addiss 1, K A Blair 1, A Hightower 1, M L Kamb 1, J P Davis 1
PMCID: PMC2271709  PMID: 8870627

Abstract

During March-April 1993, an estimated 403000 residents of the 5-county greater Milwaukee, Wisconsin area developed cryptosporidiosis after drinking contaminated municipal water. Although the number of cases dropped precipitously after the implicated water plant closed on 9 April, cases continued to occur. To investigate risk factors for post-outbreak cryptosporidiosis, 33 Milwaukee-area residents who had laboratory-confirmed Cryptosporidium infection with onset of diarrhoea between 1 May and 27 June 1993 were interviewed by telephone. Of these, 28 (85%) had onset of diarrhoea during May, 12 (36%) had watery diarrhoea during the outbreak, and 5(15%) were HIV-infected. In a neighbourhood-matched case-control study, immunosuppression (matched odds ratio (MOR) not calculable, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.0, infinity) and having a child less than 5 years old in the household (MOR = 17.0, CI 2.0, 395.0) were independently associated with infection. When persons who had diarrhoea during the outbreak were excluded, immunosuppression remained significantly associated with illness (MOR not calculable, CI 1.6, infinity). Cryptosporidium transmission continued after this massive waterborne outbreak but decreased rapidly within 2 months.

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Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

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