Skip to main content
NCBI home page
Epidemiology and Infection logoLink to Epidemiology and Infection
. 1991 Aug;107(1):17–30. doi: 10.1017/s0950268800048640

Rubella vaccines: past, present and future.

J M Best 1
PMCID: PMC2272034  PMID: 1879482

Full text

PDF
17

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Banatvala J. E., Best J. M., O'Shea S., Dudgeon J. A. Persistence of rubella antibodies after vaccination: detection after experimental challenge. Rev Infect Dis. 1985 Mar-Apr;7 (Suppl 1):S86–S90. doi: 10.1093/clinids/7.supplement_1.s86. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Banatvala J. E., Druce A., Best J., Al-Nakib W. Specific IgM responses after rubella vaccination; potential application following inadvertent vaccination during pregnancy. Br Med J. 1977 Nov 12;2(6097):1263–1264. doi: 10.1136/bmj.2.6097.1263. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Beck E. S. Review of studies with inactivated rubella virus. Am J Dis Child. 1969 Aug;118(2):328–333. doi: 10.1001/archpedi.1969.02100040330030. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Best J. M., Banatvala J. E., Bowen J. M. New Japanese rubella vaccine: comparative trials. Br Med J. 1974 Jul 27;3(5925):221–224. doi: 10.1136/bmj.3.5925.221. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Best J. M., Banatvala J. E., Morgan-Capner P., Miller E. Fetal infection after maternal reinfection with rubella: criteria for defining reinfection. BMJ. 1989 Sep 23;299(6702):773–775. doi: 10.1136/bmj.299.6702.773. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Brandling-Bennett A. D., Jackson R. S., Halstead S. B., Campbell C. C., Herrmann K. L., Modlin J. F., Meyers J. D., Witte J. J. Serologic response to revaccination with two rubella vaccines. Am J Dis Child. 1976 Oct;130(10):1081–1084. doi: 10.1001/archpedi.1976.02120110043005. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Buimovici-Klein E., Cooper L. Z. Cell-mediated immune response in rubella infections. Rev Infect Dis. 1985 Mar-Apr;7 (Suppl 1):S123–S128. doi: 10.1093/clinids/7.supplement_1.s123. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Chantler J. K., Ford D. K., Tingle A. J. Persistent rubella infection and rubella-associated arthritis. Lancet. 1982 Jun 12;1(8285):1323–1325. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(82)92398-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Chantler J. K., Tingle A. J., Petty R. E. Persistent rubella virus infection associated with chronic arthritis in children. N Engl J Med. 1985 Oct 31;313(18):1117–1123. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198510313131803. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Chu S. Y., Bernier R. H., Stewart J. A., Herrmann K. L., Greenspan J. R., Henderson A. K., Liang A. P. Rubella antibody persistence after immunization. Sixteen-year follow-up in the Hawaiian Islands. JAMA. 1988 Jun 3;259(21):3133–3136. doi: 10.1001/jama.259.21.3133. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Clarke D. M., Loo T. W., Hui I., Chong P., Gillam S. Nucleotide sequence and in vitro expression of rubella virus 24S subgenomic messenger RNA encoding the structural proteins E1, E2 and C. Nucleic Acids Res. 1987 Apr 10;15(7):3041–3057. doi: 10.1093/nar/15.7.3041. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Coyle P. K., Wolinsky J. S., Buimovici-Klein E., Moucha R., Cooper L. Z. Rubella-specific immune complexes after congenital infection and vaccination. Infect Immun. 1982 May;36(2):498–503. doi: 10.1128/iai.36.2.498-503.1982. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Cradock-Watson J. E., Macdonald H., Ridehalgh M. K., Bourne M. S., Vandervelde E. M. Specific immunoglobulin responses in serum and nasal secretions after the administration of attenuated rubella vaccine. J Hyg (Lond) 1974 Aug;73(1):127–141. doi: 10.1017/s0022172400023925. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Cunningham A. L., Fraser J. R. Persistent rubella virus infection of human synovial cells cultured in vitro. J Infect Dis. 1985 Apr;151(4):638–645. doi: 10.1093/infdis/151.4.638. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Cusi M. G., Metelli R., Valensin P. E. Immune responses to wild and vaccine rubella viruses after rubella vaccination. Arch Virol. 1989;106(1-2):63–72. doi: 10.1007/BF01311038. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Cusi M. G., Rossolini G. M., Cellesi C., Valensin P. E. Antibody response to wild rubella virus structural proteins following immunization with RA 27/3 live attenuated vaccine. Arch Virol. 1988;101(1-2):25–33. doi: 10.1007/BF01314649. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Das B. D., Lakhani P., Kurtz J. B., Hunter N., Watson B. E., Cartwright K. A., Caul E. O., Roome A. P. Congenital rubella after previous maternal immunity. Arch Dis Child. 1990 May;65(5):545–546. doi: 10.1136/adc.65.5.545. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Dominguez G., Wang C. Y., Frey T. K. Sequence of the genome RNA of rubella virus: evidence for genetic rearrangement during togavirus evolution. Virology. 1990 Jul;177(1):225–238. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(90)90476-8. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Enders G., Knotek F., Pacher U. Comparison of various serological methods and diagnostic kits for the detection of acute, recent, and previous rubella infection, vaccination, and congenital infections. J Med Virol. 1985 Jul;16(3):219–232. doi: 10.1002/jmv.1890160303. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Enders G., Nickerl U. Rötelnimpfung: Antikörperpersistenz für 14-17 Jahre und Immunstatus von Frauen ohne und mit Impfanamnese. Immun Infekt. 1988 Apr;16(2):58–64. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Forrest J. M., Honeyman M. C., Lovric V. A. Rubella vaccination and thrombocytopenia. Aust N Z J Med. 1974 Aug;4(4):352–355. doi: 10.1111/j.1445-5994.1974.tb03203.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Freestone D. S., Prydie J., Smith S. G., Laurence G. Vaccination of adults with Wistar RA 27/3 rubella vaccine. J Hyg (Lond) 1971 Sep;69(3):471–477. doi: 10.1017/s0022172400021720. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Grayzel A. I., Beck C. Rubella infection of synovial cells and the resistance of cells derived from patients with rheumatoid arthritis. J Exp Med. 1970 Feb;131(2):367–375. doi: 10.1084/jem.131.2.367. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Harcourt G. C., Best J. M., Banatvala J. E., Kennedy L. A. HLA antigens and responses to rubella vaccination. J Hyg (Lond) 1979 Dec;83(3):405–412. doi: 10.1017/s0022172400026231. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Hillary I. B., Griffith A. H. Persistence of rubella antibodies 15 years after subcutaneous administration of Wistar 27/3 strain live attenuated rubella virus vaccine. Vaccine. 1984 Dec;2(4):274–276. doi: 10.1016/0264-410x(84)90043-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Hillary I. B. Trials of intranasally administered rubella vaccine. J Hyg (Lond) 1971 Dec;69(4):547–552. doi: 10.1017/s0022172400021811. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Ho-Terry L., Cohen A., Londesborough P. Rubella virus wild-type and RA27/3 strains: a comparison by polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis and radioimmune precipitation. J Med Microbiol. 1982 Aug;15(3):393–398. doi: 10.1099/00222615-15-3-393. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Honeyman M. C., Forrest J. M., Dorman D. C. Cell-mediated immune response following natural rubella and rubella vaccination. Clin Exp Immunol. 1974 Aug;17(4):665–671. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Horstmann D. M., Schluederberg A., Emmons J. E., Evans B. K., Randolph M. F., Andiman W. A. Persistence of vaccine-induced immune responses to rubella: comparison with natural infection. Rev Infect Dis. 1985 Mar-Apr;7 (Suppl 1):S80–S85. doi: 10.1093/clinids/7.supplement_1.s80. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Hoshino M., Oka Y., Deguchi M., Hirayama M., Kono R. The ten year follow-up of the persistence of humoral antibody to rubella virus acquired by vaccination with the Japanese To-336 vaccine. J Biol Stand. 1982 Jul;10(3):213–219. doi: 10.1016/s0092-1157(82)80022-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Huygelen C., Peetermans J. Attenuation of rubella virus by serial passage in primary rabbit kidney cell cultures. II. Experiments in animals. Arch Gesamte Virusforsch. 1967;21(3):357–365. doi: 10.1007/BF01241736. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Huygelen C., Peetermans J., Prinzie A. An attenuated rubella virus vaccine (Cendehill 51 strain) grown in primary rabbit kidney cells. Prog Med Virol. 1969;11:107–125. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Inouye S., Kono R., Takeuchi Y. Oligomeric immunoglobulin A antibody response to rubella virus infection. J Clin Microbiol. 1978 Jul;8(1):1–6. doi: 10.1128/jcm.8.1.1-6.1978. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Lozzi L., Rustici M., Corti M., Cusi M. G., Valensin P. E., Bracci L., Santucci A., Soldani P., Spreafico A., Neri P. Structure of rubella E1 glycoprotein epitopes established by multiple peptide synthesis. Arch Virol. 1990;110(3-4):271–276. doi: 10.1007/BF01311295. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. MacDonald H., Thompson K. M., Tobin J. O. Vaccination of women with the Cendehill strain of rubella virus. Practitioner. 1971 Jul;207(237):57–66. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  36. Meegan J. M., Evans B. K., Horstmann D. M. Use of enzyme immunoassays and the latex agglutination test to measure the temporal appearance of immunoglobulin G and M antibodies after natural infection or immunization with rubella virus. J Clin Microbiol. 1983 Sep;18(3):745–748. doi: 10.1128/jcm.18.3.745-748.1983. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  37. Meyer H. M., Jr, Parkman P. D., Panos T. C. Attenuated rubella virus. II. Production of an experimental live-virus vaccine and clinical trial. N Engl J Med. 1966 Sep 15;275(11):575–580. doi: 10.1056/NEJM196609152751102. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  38. Mims C. A., Stokes A., Grahame R. Synthesis of antibodies, including antiviral antibodies, in the knee joints of patients with arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 1985 Nov;44(11):734–737. doi: 10.1136/ard.44.11.734. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  39. Morgan-Capner P., Hodgson J., Hambling M. H., Dulake C., Coleman T. J., Boswell P. A., Watkins R. P., Booth J., Stern H., Best J. M. Detection of rubella-specific IgM in subclinical rubella reinfection in pregnancy. Lancet. 1985 Feb 2;1(8423):244–246. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(85)91027-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  40. Mortimer P. P., Edwards J. M., Porter A. D., Tedder R. S., Haslehurst J. The immunoglobulin M response to rubella vaccine in young adult women. J Hyg (Lond) 1984 Jun;92(3):277–283. doi: 10.1017/s0022172400064512. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  41. Nakhasi H. L., Meyer B. C., Liu T. Y. Rubella virus cDNA. Sequence and expression of E1 envelope protein. J Biol Chem. 1986 Dec 15;261(35):16616–16621. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  42. O'Shea S., Best J. M., Banatvala J. E., Marshall W. C., Dudgeon J. A. Persistence of rubella antibody 8-18 years after vaccination. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1984 Apr 7;288(6423):1043–1043. doi: 10.1136/bmj.288.6423.1043. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  43. O'Shea S., Best J. M., Banatvala J. E., Marshall W. C., Dudgeon J. A. Rubella vaccination: persistence of antibodies for up to 16 years. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1982 Jul 24;285(6337):253–255. doi: 10.1136/bmj.285.6337.253. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  44. O'Shea S., Best J. M., Banatvala J. E., Shepherd W. M. Development and persistence of class-specific antibodies in the serum and nasopharyngeal washings of rubella vaccinees. J Infect Dis. 1985 Jan;151(1):89–98. doi: 10.1093/infdis/151.1.89. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  45. O'Shea S., Best J. M., Banatvala J. E. Viremia, virus excretion, and antibody responses after challenge in volunteers with low levels of antibody to rubella virus. J Infect Dis. 1983 Oct;148(4):639–647. doi: 10.1093/infdis/148.4.639. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  46. O'Shea S., Woodward S., Best J. M., Banatvala J. E., Holzel H., Dudgeon J. A. Rubella vaccination: persistence of antibodies for 10-21 years. Lancet. 1988 Oct 15;2(8616):909–909. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(88)92512-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  47. Ogra P. L., Herd J. K. Arthritis associated with induced rubella infection. J Immunol. 1971 Sep;107(3):810–813. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  48. Ogra P. L., Kerr-Grant D., Umana G., Dzierba J., Weintraub D. Antibody response in serum and nasopharynx after naturally acquired and vaccine-induced infection with rubella virus. N Engl J Med. 1971 Dec 9;285(24):1333–1339. doi: 10.1056/NEJM197112092852401. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  49. Oker-Blom C., Pettersson R. F., Summers M. D. Baculovirus polyhedrin promoter-directed expression of rubella virus envelope glycoproteins, E1 and E2, in Spodoptera frugiperda cells. Virology. 1989 Sep;172(1):82–91. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(89)90109-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  50. Orenstein W. A., Herrmann K. L., Holmgreen P., Bernier R., Bart K. J., Eddins D. L., Fiumara N. J. Prevalence of rubella antibodies in Massachusetts schoolchildren. Am J Epidemiol. 1986 Aug;124(2):290–298. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114387. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  51. PARKMAN P. D., BUESCHER E. L., ARTENSTEIN M. S. Recovery of rubella virus from army recruits. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1962 Oct;111:225–230. doi: 10.3181/00379727-111-27750. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  52. Parkman P. D., Meyer H. M., Jr, Kirschstein R. L., Hopps H. E. Attenuated rubella virus. I. Development and laboratory characterization. N Engl J Med. 1966 Sep 15;275(11):569–574. doi: 10.1056/NEJM196609152751101. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  53. Parkman P. D., Meyer H. M., Jr Prospects for a rubella virus vaccine. Prog Med Virol. 1969;11:80–106. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  54. Parkman P. D., Phillips P. E., Kirschstein R. L., Meyer H. M., Jr Experimental rubella virus infection in the rhesus monkey. J Immunol. 1965 Oct;95(4):743–752. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  55. Peetermans J., Huygelen C. Attenuation ob rubella virus by serial passage in primary rabbit kidney cell cultures. I. Growth characteristics in vitro and production of experimental vaccines at different passage levels. Arch Gesamte Virusforsch. 1967;21(2):133–143. doi: 10.1007/BF01241438. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  56. Perkins F. T. Licensed vaccines. Rev Infect Dis. 1985 Mar-Apr;7 (Suppl 1):S73–S76. doi: 10.1093/clinids/7.supplement_1.s73. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  57. Plotkin S. A., Farquhar J. D., Ogra P. L. Immunologic properties of RA27-3 rubella virus vaccine. A comparison with strains presently licensed in the United States. JAMA. 1973 Aug 6;225(6):585–590. doi: 10.1001/jama.225.6.585. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  58. Plotkin S. A., Farquhar J. D., Ogra P. L. Immunologic properties of RA27-3 rubella virus vaccine. A comparison with strains presently licensed in the United States. JAMA. 1973 Aug 6;225(6):585–590. doi: 10.1001/jama.225.6.585. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  59. Plotkin S. A., Farquhar J., Katz M., Ingalls T. H. A new attenuated rubella virus grown in human fibroblasts: evidence for reduced nasopharyngeal excretion. Am J Epidemiol. 1967 Sep;86(2):468–477. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a120757. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  60. Robertson C. M., Bennett V. J., Jefferson N., Mayon-White R. T. Serological evaluation of a measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine. Arch Dis Child. 1988 Jun;63(6):612–616. doi: 10.1136/adc.63.6.612. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  61. Rossier E., Phipps P. H., Polley J. R., Webb T. Absence of cell-mediated immunity to rubella virus 5 years after rubella vaccination. Can Med Assoc J. 1977 Mar 5;116(5):481–484. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  62. Schaffner W., Fleet W. F., Kilroy A. W., Lefkowitz L. B., Herrmann K. L., Thompson J., Karzon D. T. Polyneuropathy following rubella immunization. A follow-up study and review of the problem. Am J Dis Child. 1974 May;127(5):684–688. doi: 10.1001/archpedi.1974.02110240070008. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  63. Serdula M. K., Halstead S. B., Wiebenga N. H., Herrmann K. L. Serological response to rubella revaccination. JAMA. 1984 Apr 20;251(15):1974–1977. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  64. Shishido A., Ohtawara M. Development of attenuated rubella virus vaccines in Japan. Jpn J Med Sci Biol. 1976 Oct;29(5):227–253. doi: 10.7883/yoken1952.29.227. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  65. Singh V. K., Tingle A. J., Schulzer M. Rubella-associated arthritis. II. Relationship between circulating immune complex levels and joint manifestations. Ann Rheum Dis. 1986 Feb;45(2):115–119. doi: 10.1136/ard.45.2.115. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  66. Spruance S. L., Klock L. E., Jr, Bailey A., Ward J. R., Smith C. B. Recurrent joint symptoms in children vaccinated with HPV-77DK12 rubella vaccine. J Pediatr. 1972 Mar;80(3):413–417. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3476(72)80498-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  67. Swartz T. A., Klingberg W., Goldwasser R. A., Klingberg M. A., Goldblum N., Hilleman M. R. Clinical manifestations, according to age, among females given HPV-77 duck rubella vaccine. Am J Epidemiol. 1971 Sep;94(3):246–251. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a121318. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  68. Terry G. M., Ho-Terry L., Londesborough P., Rees K. R. A bio-engineered rubella E1 antigen. Arch Virol. 1989;104(1-2):63–75. doi: 10.1007/BF01313808. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  69. Terry G. M., Ho-Terry L., Londesborough P., Rees K. R. Localization of the rubella E1 epitopes. Arch Virol. 1988;98(3-4):189–197. doi: 10.1007/BF01322168. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  70. Thompson G. R., Weiss J. J., Shillis J. L., Brackett R. G. Intermittent arthritis following rubella vaccination. A three-year follow-up. Am J Dis Child. 1973 Apr;125(4):526–530. doi: 10.1001/archpedi.1973.04160040040008. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  71. Tingle A. J., Allen M., Petty R. E., Kettyls G. D., Chantler J. K. Rubella-associated arthritis. I. Comparative study of joint manifestations associated with natural rubella infection and RA 27/3 rubella immunisation. Ann Rheum Dis. 1986 Feb;45(2):110–114. doi: 10.1136/ard.45.2.110. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  72. Tingle A. J., Chantler J. K., Pot K. H., Paty D. W., Ford D. K. Postpartum rubella immunization: association with development of prolonged arthritis, neurological sequelae, and chronic rubella viremia. J Infect Dis. 1985 Sep;152(3):606–612. doi: 10.1093/infdis/152.3.606. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  73. Vergani D., Morgan-Capner P., Davies E. T., Anderson A. W., Tee D. E., Pattison J. R. Joint symptoms, immune complexes, and rubella. Lancet. 1980 Aug 9;2(8189):321–322. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(80)90271-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  74. Vänänen P., Mäkelä P., Vaheri A. Effect of low level immunity on response to live rubella virus vaccine. Vaccine. 1986 Mar;4(1):5–8. doi: 10.1016/0264-410x(86)90090-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  75. Weibel R. E., Buynak E. B., McLean A. A., Roehm R. R., Hilleman M. R. Persistence of antibody in human subjects for 7 to 10 years following administration of combined live attenuated measles, mumps, and rubella virus vaccines. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1980 Nov;165(2):260–263. doi: 10.3181/00379727-165-40967. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  76. Weibel R. E., Stokes J., Jr, Buynak E. B., Hilleman M. R. Influence of age on clinical response to HPV-77 duck rubella vaccine. JAMA. 1972 Nov 13;222(7):805–807. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  77. de Mazancourt A., Perricaudet M. Expression of rubella virus cDNA encoding the E1 structural protein. Biochimie. 1989 May;71(5):681–685. doi: 10.1016/0300-9084(89)90162-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Epidemiology and Infection are provided here courtesy of Cambridge University Press

RESOURCES