Skip to main content
NCBI home page
Epidemiology and Infection logoLink to Epidemiology and Infection
. 1991 Dec;107(3):497–508. doi: 10.1017/s0950268800049190

An outbreak of cryptosporidiosis associated with a swimming pool

R E Joce, J Bruce, D Kiely, N D Noah, W B Dempster, R Stalker, P Gumsley, P A Chapman, P Norman, J Watkins, H V Smith, T J Price, D Watts
PMCID: PMC2272100  PMID: 1752299

Abstract

In August 1988 an increase was noted in the number of cases of cryptosporidiosis identified by the microbiology laboratory at Doncaster Royal Infirmary. By 31 October, 67 cases had been reported. Preliminary investigations implicated the use of one of two swimming pools at a local sports centre and oocysts were identified in the pool water. Inspection of the pool revealed significant plumbing defects which had allowed ingress of sewage from the main sewer into the circulating pool water. Epidemiological investigation confirmed an association between head immersion and illness. The pools were closed when oocysts were identified in the water and extensive cleaning and repair work was undertaken. The pool water was retested for cryptosporidial oocysts and found to be negative before the pool re-opened.

Full text

PDF
497

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Anderson B. C., Donndelinger T., Wilkins R. M., Smith J. Cryptosporidiosis in a veterinary student. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1982 Feb 15;180(4):408–409. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Blagburn B. L., Current W. L. Accidental infection of a researcher with human Cryptosporidium. J Infect Dis. 1983 Oct;148(4):772–773. doi: 10.1093/infdis/148.4.772. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Casemore D. P., Armstrong M., Sands R. L. Laboratory diagnosis of cryptosporidiosis. J Clin Pathol. 1985 Dec;38(12):1337–1341. doi: 10.1136/jcp.38.12.1337. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Casemore D. P. Epidemiological aspects of human cryptosporidiosis. Epidemiol Infect. 1990 Feb;104(1):1–28. doi: 10.1017/s0950268800054480. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Centers for Disease Control (CDC) Cryptosporidiosis--New Mexico, 1986. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1987 Aug 28;36(33):561–563. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Chapman P. A., Rush B. A. Efficiency of sand filtration for removing cryptosporidium oocysts from water. J Med Microbiol. 1990 Aug;32(4):243–245. doi: 10.1099/00222615-32-4-243. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Chapman P. A., Rush B. A., McLauchlin J. An enzyme immunoassay for detecting Cryptosporidium in faecal and environmental samples. J Med Microbiol. 1990 Aug;32(4):233–237. doi: 10.1099/00222615-32-4-233. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. D'Angelo L. J., Hierholzer J. C., Keenlyside R. A., Anderson L. J., Martone W. J. Pharyngoconjunctival fever caused by adenovirus type 4: report of a swimming pool-related outbreak with recovery of virus from pool water. J Infect Dis. 1979 Jul;140(1):42–47. doi: 10.1093/infdis/140.1.42. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. D'Antonio R. G., Winn R. E., Taylor J. P., Gustafson T. L., Current W. L., Rhodes M. M., Gary G. W., Jr, Zajac R. A. A waterborne outbreak of cryptosporidiosis in normal hosts. Ann Intern Med. 1985 Dec;103(6 ):886–888. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-103-6-886. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Hannah J., Riordan T. Case to case spread of cryptosporidiosis; evidence from a day nursery outbreak. Public Health. 1988 Nov;102(6):539–544. doi: 10.1016/s0033-3506(88)80023-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Harter L., Frost F., Grunenfelder G., Perkins-Jones K., Libby J. Giardiasis in an infant and toddler swim class. Am J Public Health. 1984 Feb;74(2):155–156. doi: 10.2105/ajph.74.2.155. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Hayes E. B., Matte T. D., O'Brien T. R., McKinley T. W., Logsdon G. S., Rose J. B., Ungar B. L., Word D. M., Pinsky P. F., Cummings M. L. Large community outbreak of cryptosporidiosis due to contamination of a filtered public water supply. N Engl J Med. 1989 May 25;320(21):1372–1376. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198905253202103. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Nime F. A., Burek J. D., Page D. L., Holscher M. A., Yardley J. H. Acute enterocolitis in a human being infected with the protozoan Cryptosporidium. Gastroenterology. 1976 Apr;70(4):592–598. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Porter J. D., Ragazzoni H. P., Buchanon J. D., Waskin H. A., Juranek D. D., Parkin W. E. Giardia transmission in a swimming pool. Am J Public Health. 1988 Jun;78(6):659–662. doi: 10.2105/ajph.78.6.659. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Smith H. V., Patterson W. J., Hardie R., Greene L. A., Benton C., Tulloch W., Gilmour R. A., Girdwood R. W., Sharp J. C., Forbes G. I. An outbreak of waterborne cryptosporidiosis caused by post-treatment contamination. Epidemiol Infect. 1989 Dec;103(3):703–715. doi: 10.1017/s0950268800031101. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Tillett H. E. Statistical analysis of case-control studies of communicable diseases. Int J Epidemiol. 1986 Mar;15(1):126–133. doi: 10.1093/ije/15.1.126. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Epidemiology and Infection are provided here courtesy of Cambridge University Press

RESOURCES