Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To familiarize physicians with this relatively rare syndrome; to review the signs and symptoms, with special emphasis on its nature and the terminology used; and to help physicians choose an appropriate course of action. DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE (1966 to 1997) and Psychlit (1990 to 1996), references from articles, reference texts on geriatrics and psychiatry. STUDY SELECTION: All of the articles reviewed involved case studies. SYNTHESIS: Descriptive articles enabled us to define this syndrome more clearly. The dissimilarity of the case studies indicates that the condition is not clearly defined, and the reference to the Greek philosopher Diogenes is misleading. CONCLUSION: The various features described to make up a geriatric syndrome characterized by extreme self-neglect, squalid living conditions, and social withdrawal. This complex geriatric problem poses clinical, social and ethical challenges.
Full text
PDF





Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Clark A. N., Mankikar G. D., Gray I. Diogenes syndrome. A clinical study of gross neglect in old age. Lancet. 1975 Feb 15;1(7903):366–368. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(75)91280-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Cooney C., Hamid W. Review: diogenes syndrome. Age Ageing. 1995 Sep;24(5):451–453. doi: 10.1093/ageing/24.5.451. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kafetz K., Cox M. Alcohol excess and the senile squalor syndrome. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1982 Nov;30(11):706–706. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.1982.tb01984.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Little J. D. Intervention and social breakdown in the elderly. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 1996 Oct;30(5):681–684. doi: 10.3109/00048679609062665. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Macmillan D., Shaw P. Senile breakdown in standards of personal and environmental cleanliness. Br Med J. 1966 Oct 29;2(5521):1032–1037. doi: 10.1136/bmj.2.5521.1032. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- O'Mahony D., Evans J. G. Diogenes syndrome by proxy. Br J Psychiatry. 1994 May;164(5):705–706. doi: 10.1192/bjp.164.5.705. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Orrell M. W., Sahakian B. J. Dementia of frontal lobe type. Psychol Med. 1991 Aug;21(3):553–556. doi: 10.1017/s0033291700022170. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Radebaugh T. S., Hooper F. J., Gruenberg E. M. The Social Breakdown syndrome in the elderly population living in the community: the Helping Study. Br J Psychiatry. 1987 Sep;151:341–346. doi: 10.1192/bjp.151.3.341. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Reifler B. V. Diogenes syndrome: of omelettes and souffles. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1996 Dec;44(12):1484–1485. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.1996.tb04079.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Reyes-Ortiz C. A., Mulligan T. A case of Diogenes syndrome. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1996 Dec;44(12):1486–1486. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.1996.tb04080.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Shah A. Self-neglect in adult life. Br J Psychiatry. 1992 Dec;161:865–865. doi: 10.1192/bjp.161.6.865a. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Snowdon J. Uncleanliness among persons seen by community health workers. Hosp Community Psychiatry. 1987 May;38(5):491–494. doi: 10.1176/ps.38.5.491. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Tantam D. Lifelong eccentricity and social isolation. I. Psychiatric, social, and forensic aspects. Br J Psychiatry. 1988 Dec;153:777–782. doi: 10.1192/bjp.153.6.777. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ungvari G. S., Hantz P. M. Social breakdown in the elderly, I. Case studies and management. Compr Psychiatry. 1991 Sep-Oct;32(5):440–444. doi: 10.1016/0010-440x(91)90021-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ungvari G. S., Hantz P. M. Social breakdown in the elderly, II. Sociodemographic data and psychopathology. Compr Psychiatry. 1991 Sep-Oct;32(5):445–449. doi: 10.1016/0010-440x(91)90022-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Vostanis P., Dean C. Self-neglect in adult life. Br J Psychiatry. 1992 Aug;161:265–267. doi: 10.1192/bjp.161.2.265. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]