Skip to main content
PMC home page
Journal of Clinical Microbiology logoLink to Journal of Clinical Microbiology
. 1995 Jan;33(1):131–136. doi: 10.1128/jcm.33.1.131-136.1995

Patients with enteric adenovirus gastroenteritis admitted to an Australian pediatric teaching hospital from 1981 to 1992.

K Grimwood 1, R Carzino 1, G L Barnes 1, R F Bishop 1
PMCID: PMC227894  PMID: 7699028

Abstract

During the period 1981 to 1992, 4,473 fecal specimens collected from children hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis at the Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia, were examined by electron microscopy. A monoclonal antibody enzyme immunoassay for enteric adenovirus (EAd) types 40 (Ad40) and 41 (Ad41) was used when adenoviruses were visualized. Fecal samples were positive for adenovirus by both electron microscopy and enzyme immunoassay in 138 patients (3.1%). Ad40 was identified in 19 children (14%), and Ad41 was identified in 119 children (86%). These EAd were identified during each of the 12 years surveyed. EAd were present year-round, but the annual number of hospitalizations was not constant. Yearly prevalence varied from 0.7% (1981) to 6.5% (1985). This was associated with monthly fluctuations in Ad41 activity, with overall peak monthly prevalence in May (late autumn). By contrast, Ad40 numbers remained low and constant year-round. The frequency of Ad41 relative to Ad40 increased from 25% in 1981 to exceed 75% after 1983. Children admitted with EAd infection were more likely to have diarrhea for more than 5 days (P < 0.001) but less likely to be febrile or dehydrated (P < 0.05) than children with rotavirus infection. EAd are responsible for enteric symptoms of only a fraction of hospitalized children with infectious diarrhea but result in a more-protracted illness than rotavirus. Their relationship to persistent diarrhea requires further investigation.

Full Text

The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (192.1 KB).

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Adrian T., Wadell G., Hierholzer J. C., Wigand R. DNA restriction analysis of adenovirus prototypes 1 to 41. Arch Virol. 1986;91(3-4):277–290. doi: 10.1007/BF01314287. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Barnes G. L., Unicomb L., Bishop R. F. Severity of rotavirus infection in relation to serotype, monotype and electropherotype. J Paediatr Child Health. 1992 Feb;28(1):54–57. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1754.1992.tb02618.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Bates P. R., Bailey A. S., Wood D. J., Morris D. J., Couriel J. M. Comparative epidemiology of rotavirus, subgenus F (types 40 and 41) adenovirus and astrovirus gastroenteritis in children. J Med Virol. 1993 Mar;39(3):224–228. doi: 10.1002/jmv.1890390309. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Brandt C. D., Kim H. W., Rodriguez W. J., Arrobio J. O., Jeffries B. C., Stallings E. P., Lewis C., Miles A. J., Gardner M. K., Parrott R. H. Adenoviruses and pediatric gastroenteritis. J Infect Dis. 1985 Mar;151(3):437–443. doi: 10.1093/infdis/151.3.437. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Brandt C. D., Rodriguez W. J., Kim H. W., Arrobio J. O., Jeffries B. C., Parrott R. H. Rapid presumptive recognition of diarrhea-associated adenoviruses. J Clin Microbiol. 1984 Nov;20(5):1008–1009. doi: 10.1128/jcm.20.5.1008-1009.1984. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Brown M. Laboratory identification of adenoviruses associated with gastroenteritis in Canada from 1983 to 1986. J Clin Microbiol. 1990 Jul;28(7):1525–1529. doi: 10.1128/jcm.28.7.1525-1529.1990. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Cruz J. R., Cáceres P., Cano F., Flores J., Bartlett A., Torún B. Adenovirus types 40 and 41 and rotaviruses associated with diarrhea in children from Guatemala. J Clin Microbiol. 1990 Aug;28(8):1780–1784. doi: 10.1128/jcm.28.8.1780-1784.1990. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Herrmann J. E., Blacklow N. R., Perron-Henry D. M., Clements E., Taylor D. N., Echeverria P. Incidence of enteric adenoviruses among children in Thailand and the significance of these viruses in gastroenteritis. J Clin Microbiol. 1988 Sep;26(9):1783–1786. doi: 10.1128/jcm.26.9.1783-1786.1988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Herrmann J. E., Perron-Henry D. M., Blacklow N. R. Antigen detection with monoclonal antibodies for the diagnosis of adenovirus gastroenteritis. J Infect Dis. 1987 Jun;155(6):1167–1171. doi: 10.1093/infdis/155.6.1167. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Jarecki-Khan K., Tzipori S. R., Unicomb L. E. Enteric adenovirus infection among infants with diarrhea in rural Bangladesh. J Clin Microbiol. 1993 Mar;31(3):484–489. doi: 10.1128/jcm.31.3.484-489.1993. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Kidd A. H., Banatvala J. E., de Jong J. C. Antibodies to fastidious faecal adenoviruses (species 40 and 41) in sera from children. J Med Virol. 1983;11(4):333–341. doi: 10.1002/jmv.1890110409. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Krajden M., Brown M., Petrasek A., Middleton P. J. Clinical features of adenovirus enteritis: a review of 127 cases. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1990 Sep;9(9):636–641. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Mistchenko A. S., Huberman K. H., Gomez J. A., Grinstein S. Epidemiology of enteric adenovirus infection in prospectively monitored Argentine families. Epidemiol Infect. 1992 Dec;109(3):539–546. doi: 10.1017/s0950268800050524. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Noel J., Mansoor A., Thaker U., Herrmann J., Perron-Henry D., Cubitt W. D. Identification of adenoviruses in faeces from patients with diarrhoea at the Hospitals for Sick Children, London, 1989-1992. J Med Virol. 1994 May;43(1):84–90. doi: 10.1002/jmv.1890430116. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Pitson G. A., Grimwood K., Coulson B. S., Oberklaid F., Hewstone A. S., Jack I., Bishop R. F., Barnes G. L. Comparison between children treated at home and those requiring hospital admission for rotavirus and other enteric pathogens associated with acute diarrhea in Melbourne, Australia. J Clin Microbiol. 1986 Sep;24(3):395–399. doi: 10.1128/jcm.24.3.395-399.1986. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Riepenhoff-Talty M., Bogger-Goren S., Li P., Carmody P. J., Barrett H. J., Ogra P. L. Development of serum and intestinal antibody response to rotavirus after naturally acquired rotavirus infection in man. J Med Virol. 1981;8(3):215–222. doi: 10.1002/jmv.1890080309. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Rodriguez W. J., Kim H. W., Brandt C. D., Schwartz R. H., Gardner M. K., Jeffries B., Parrott R. H., Kaslow R. A., Smith J. I., Takiff H. Fecal adenoviruses from a longitudinal study of families in metropolitan Washington, D.C.: laboratory, clinical, and epidemiologic observations. J Pediatr. 1985 Oct;107(4):514–520. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3476(85)80007-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Shinozaki T., Araki K., Fujita Y., Kobayashi M., Tajima T., Abe T. Epidemiology of enteric adenoviruses 40 and 41 in acute gastroenteritis in infants and young children in the Tokyo area. Scand J Infect Dis. 1991;23(5):543–547. doi: 10.3109/00365549109105175. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Shinozaki T., Araki K., Ushijima H., Fujii R. Antibody response to enteric adenovirus types 40 and 41 in sera from people in various age groups. J Clin Microbiol. 1987 Sep;25(9):1679–1682. doi: 10.1128/jcm.25.9.1679-1682.1987. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Shinozaki T., Fujita Y., Araki K., Tajima T., Kobayashi M., Abe T. Clinical features of enteric adenovirus infection in infants. Acta Paediatr Jpn. 1991 Oct;33(5):623–627. doi: 10.1111/j.1442-200x.1991.tb01875.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Tiemessen C. T., Wegerhoff F. O., Erasmus M. J., Kidd A. H. Infection by enteric adenoviruses, rotaviruses, and other agents in a rural African environment. J Med Virol. 1989 Jul;28(3):176–182. doi: 10.1002/jmv.1890280313. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Van R., Wun C. C., O'Ryan M. L., Matson D. O., Jackson L., Pickering L. K. Outbreaks of human enteric adenovirus types 40 and 41 in Houston day care centers. J Pediatr. 1992 Apr;120(4 Pt 1):516–521. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3476(05)82477-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Whitby H. J., Rodgers F. G. Detection of virus particles by electron microscopy with polyacrylamide hydrogel. J Clin Pathol. 1980 May;33(5):484–487. doi: 10.1136/jcp.33.5.484. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Willcocks M. M., Carter M. J., Laidler F. R., Madeley C. R. Restriction enzyme analysis of faecal adenoviruses in Newcastle upon Tyne. Epidemiol Infect. 1988 Oct;101(2):445–458. doi: 10.1017/s0950268800054406. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Wood D. J., Longhurst D., Killough R. I., David T. J. One-year prospective cross-sectional study to assess the importance of group F adenovirus infections in children under 2 years admitted to hospital. J Med Virol. 1988 Dec;26(4):429–435. doi: 10.1002/jmv.1890260410. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. de Jong J. C., Bijlsma K., Wermenbol A. G., Verweij-Uijterwaal M. W., van der Avoort H. G., Wood D. J., Bailey A. S., Osterhaus A. D. Detection, typing, and subtyping of enteric adenoviruses 40 and 41 from fecal samples and observation of changing incidences of infections with these types and subtypes. J Clin Microbiol. 1993 Jun;31(6):1562–1569. doi: 10.1128/jcm.31.6.1562-1569.1993. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. de Jong J. C., Wigand R., Kidd A. H., Wadell G., Kapsenberg J. G., Muzerie C. J., Wermenbol A. G., Firtzlaff R. G. Candidate adenoviruses 40 and 41: fastidious adenoviruses from human infant stool. J Med Virol. 1983;11(3):215–231. doi: 10.1002/jmv.1890110305. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. van der Avoort H. G., Wermenbol A. G., Zomerdijk T. P., Kleijne J. A., van Asten J. A., Jensma P., Osterhaus A. D., Kidd A. H., de Jong J. C. Characterization of fastidious adenovirus types 40 and 41 by DNA restriction enzyme analysis and by neutralizing monoclonal antibodies. Virus Res. 1989 Feb;12(2):139–157. doi: 10.1016/0168-1702(89)90060-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Journal of Clinical Microbiology are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

RESOURCES