Skip to main content
PMC home page
Journal of Clinical Microbiology logoLink to Journal of Clinical Microbiology
. 1995 Apr;33(4):821–823. doi: 10.1128/jcm.33.4.821-823.1995

Detection of Borna disease virus RNA in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded brain tissues by nested PCR.

I Sorg 1, A Metzler 1
PMCID: PMC228048  PMID: 7790444

Abstract

A method for detecting Borna disease virus (BDV) RNA in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded brain tissue sections was established. By digestion with proteinase K and subsequent extraction with guanidinium thiocyanate, phenol, and chloroform, we were able to efficiently release RNA from the fixed tissues. By reverse transcription of the RNA and nested PCR a 212-bp product was generated, as expected.

Full Text

The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (209.2 KB).

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Amsterdam J. D., Winokur A., Dyson W., Herzog S., Gonzalez F., Rott R., Koprowski H. Borna disease virus. A possible etiologic factor in human affective disorders? Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1985 Nov;42(11):1093–1096. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.1985.01790340077011. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Bode L., Riegel S., Ludwig H., Amsterdam J. D., Lange W., Koprowski H. Borna disease virus-specific antibodies in patients with HIV infection and with mental disorders. Lancet. 1988 Sep 17;2(8612):689–689. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(88)90505-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Briese T., de la Torre J. C., Lewis A., Ludwig H., Lipkin W. I. Borna disease virus, a negative-strand RNA virus, transcribes in the nucleus of infected cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Dec 1;89(23):11486–11489. doi: 10.1073/pnas.89.23.11486. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Caplazi P., Waldvogel A., Stitz L., Braun U., Ehrensperger F. Borna disease in naturally infected cattle. J Comp Pathol. 1994 Jul;111(1):65–72. doi: 10.1016/s0021-9975(05)80112-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Chomczynski P., Sacchi N. Single-step method of RNA isolation by acid guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform extraction. Anal Biochem. 1987 Apr;162(1):156–159. doi: 10.1006/abio.1987.9999. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Crisan D., Cadoff E. M., Mattson J. C., Hartle K. A. Polymerase chain reaction: amplification of DNA from fixed tissue. Clin Biochem. 1990 Dec;23(6):489–495. doi: 10.1016/0009-9120(90)80037-j. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Danner K. Labordiagnose der Bornaschen Krankheit über den Nachweis von Antikörpern im Zentralnervensystem. Zentralbl Veterinarmed B. 1976 Dec;23(10):865–867. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Forsthoefel K. F., Papp A. C., Snyder P. J., Prior T. W. Optimization of DNA extraction from formalin-fixed tissue and its clinical application in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Am J Clin Pathol. 1992 Jul;98(1):98–104. doi: 10.1093/ajcp/98.1.98. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Greer C. E., Peterson S. L., Kiviat N. B., Manos M. M. PCR amplification from paraffin-embedded tissues. Effects of fixative and fixation time. Am J Clin Pathol. 1991 Feb;95(2):117–124. doi: 10.1093/ajcp/95.2.117. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Gruber A. D., Greiser-Wilke I. M., Haas L., Hewicker-Trautwein M., Moennig V. Detection of bovine viral diarrhea virus RNA in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded brain tissue by nested polymerase chain reaction. J Virol Methods. 1993 Aug;43(3):309–319. doi: 10.1016/0166-0934(93)90149-l. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Heller M. J., Burgart L. J., TenEyck C. J., Anderson M. E., Greiner T. C., Robinson R. A. An efficient method for the extraction of DNA from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue by sonication. Biotechniques. 1991 Sep;11(3):372-4, 376-7. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Herzog S., Rott R. Replication of Borna disease virus in cell cultures. Med Microbiol Immunol. 1980;168(3):153–158. doi: 10.1007/BF02122849. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Impraim C. C., Saiki R. K., Erlich H. A., Teplitz R. L. Analysis of DNA extracted from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues by enzymatic amplification and hybridization with sequence-specific oligonucleotides. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1987 Feb 13;142(3):710–716. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(87)91472-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Kao M., Ludwig H., Gosztonyi G. Adaptation of Borna disease virus to the mouse. J Gen Virol. 1984 Oct;65(Pt 10):1845–1849. doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-65-10-1845. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Kwok S., Higuchi R. Avoiding false positives with PCR. Nature. 1989 May 18;339(6221):237–238. doi: 10.1038/339237a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Lai-Goldman M., Lai E., Grody W. W. Detection of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues by DNA amplification. Nucleic Acids Res. 1988 Aug 25;16(16):8191–8191. doi: 10.1093/nar/16.16.8191. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Lipkin W. I., Travis G. H., Carbone K. M., Wilson M. C. Isolation and characterization of Borna disease agent cDNA clones. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Jun;87(11):4184–4188. doi: 10.1073/pnas.87.11.4184. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Ludwig H., Bode L., Gosztonyi G. Borna disease: a persistent virus infection of the central nervous system. Prog Med Virol. 1988;35:107–151. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Ludwig H., Kraft W., Kao M., Gosztonyi G., Dahme E., Krey H. Borna-Virus-Infektion (Borna-Krankheit) bei natürlich und experimentell infizierten Tieren: ihre Bedeutung für Forschung und Praxis. Tierarztl Prax. 1985;13(4):421–453. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. McClure M. A., Thibault K. J., Hatalski C. G., Lipkin W. I. Sequence similarity between Borna disease virus p40 and a duplicated domain within the paramyxovirus and rhabdovirus polymerase proteins. J Virol. 1992 Nov;66(11):6572–6577. doi: 10.1128/jvi.66.11.6572-6577.1992. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Metzler A., Ehrensperger F., Wyler R. Natürliche Bornavirus-Infektion bei Kaninchen. Zentralbl Veterinarmed B. 1978 Mar;25(2):161–164. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Richt J. A., Herzog S., Haberzettl K., Rott R. Demonstration of Borna disease virus-specific RNA in secretions of naturally infected horses by the polymerase chain reaction. Med Microbiol Immunol. 1993 Dec;182(6):293–304. doi: 10.1007/BF00191945. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Richt J. A., Herzog S., Pyper J., Clements J. E., Narayan O., Bechter K., Rott R. Borna disease virus: nature of the etiologic agent and significance of infection in man. Arch Virol Suppl. 1993;7:101–109. doi: 10.1007/978-3-7091-9300-6_9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Richt J. A., Vande Woude S., Zink M. C., Narayan O., Clements J. E. Analysis of Borna disease virus-specific RNAs in infected cells and tissues. J Gen Virol. 1991 Sep;72(Pt 9):2251–2255. doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-72-9-2251. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Rott R., Herzog S., Bechter K., Frese K. Borna disease, a possible hazard for man? Arch Virol. 1991;118(3-4):143–149. doi: 10.1007/BF01314025. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Rott R., Herzog S., Fleischer B., Winokur A., Amsterdam J., Dyson W., Koprowski H. Detection of serum antibodies to Borna disease virus in patients with psychiatric disorders. Science. 1985 May 10;228(4700):755–756. doi: 10.1126/science.3922055. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Shankar V., Kao M., Hamir A. N., Sheng H., Koprowski H., Dietzschold B. Kinetics of virus spread and changes in levels of several cytokine mRNAs in the brain after intranasal infection of rats with Borna disease virus. J Virol. 1992 Feb;66(2):992–998. doi: 10.1128/jvi.66.2.992-998.1992. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Sierra-Honigmann A. M., Rubin S. A., Estafanous M. G., Yolken R. H., Carbone K. M. Borna disease virus in peripheral blood mononuclear and bone marrow cells of neonatally and chronically infected rats. J Neuroimmunol. 1993 Jun;45(1-2):31–36. doi: 10.1016/0165-5728(93)90160-z. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. VandeWoude S., Richt J. A., Zink M. C., Rott R., Narayan O., Clements J. E. A borna virus cDNA encoding a protein recognized by antibodies in humans with behavioral diseases. Science. 1990 Nov 30;250(4985):1278–1281. doi: 10.1126/science.2244211. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Waelchli R. O., Ehrensperger F., Metzler A., Winder C. Borna disease in a sheep. Vet Rec. 1985 Nov 9;117(19):499–500. doi: 10.1136/vr.117.19.499. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. de la Torre J. C., Carbone K. M., Lipkin W. I. Molecular characterization of the Borna disease agent. Virology. 1990 Dec;179(2):853–856. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(90)90154-j. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Journal of Clinical Microbiology are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

RESOURCES