Skip to main content
Journal of Clinical Microbiology logoLink to Journal of Clinical Microbiology
. 1995 Jun;33(6):1679–1681. doi: 10.1128/jcm.33.6.1679-1681.1995

Genotyping of hepatitis C virus in South Africa.

H E Smuts 1, J Kannemeyer 1
PMCID: PMC228247  PMID: 7650216

Abstract

The six major hepatitis C virus genotypes were investigated by using samples from 79 seropositive and PCR-positive blood donors from three different regions of South Africa as well as 9 patients with chronic renal failure, 19 with liver disease, and 23 with hemophilia. PCR products of the genome were typed by restriction fragment length polymorphic analysis by RsaI-HaeIII and MvaI-HinfI double digestion. Type 5 occurred in 40% of this population group; type 1 occurred in 33%; and types 2, 3, and 4 were found in 13.8, 7.7, and 2.3%, respectively.

Full Text

The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (439.9 KB).

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Bukh J., Purcell R. H., Miller R. H. At least 12 genotypes of hepatitis C virus predicted by sequence analysis of the putative E1 gene of isolates collected worldwide. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993 Sep 1;90(17):8234–8238. doi: 10.1073/pnas.90.17.8234. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Cha T. A., Beall E., Irvine B., Kolberg J., Chien D., Kuo G., Urdea M. S. At least five related, but distinct, hepatitis C viral genotypes exist. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Aug 1;89(15):7144–7148. doi: 10.1073/pnas.89.15.7144. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Chan S. W., McOmish F., Holmes E. C., Dow B., Peutherer J. F., Follett E., Yap P. L., Simmonds P. Analysis of a new hepatitis C virus type and its phylogenetic relationship to existing variants. J Gen Virol. 1992 May;73(Pt 5):1131–1141. doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-73-5-1131. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Chan S. W., Simmonds P., McOmish F., Yap P. L., Mitchell R., Dow B., Follett E. Serological responses to infection with three different types of hepatitis C virus. Lancet. 1991 Nov 30;338(8779):1391–1391. doi: 10.1016/0140-6736(91)92265-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Chomczynski P., Sacchi N. Single-step method of RNA isolation by acid guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform extraction. Anal Biochem. 1987 Apr;162(1):156–159. doi: 10.1006/abio.1987.9999. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Choo Q. L., Kuo G., Weiner A. J., Overby L. R., Bradley D. W., Houghton M. Isolation of a cDNA clone derived from a blood-borne non-A, non-B viral hepatitis genome. Science. 1989 Apr 21;244(4902):359–362. doi: 10.1126/science.2523562. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Dusheiko G., Schmilovitz-Weiss H., Brown D., McOmish F., Yap P. L., Sherlock S., McIntyre N., Simmonds P. Hepatitis C virus genotypes: an investigation of type-specific differences in geographic origin and disease. Hepatology. 1994 Jan;19(1):13–18. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Dusheiko G., Simmonds P. Sequence variability of hepatitis C virus and its clinical relevance. J Viral Hepat. 1994;1(1):3–15. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2893.1994.tb00057.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Kanai K., Kako M., Okamoto H. HCV genotypes in chronic hepatitis C and response to interferon. Lancet. 1992 Jun 20;339(8808):1543–1543. doi: 10.1016/0140-6736(92)91311-u. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Kuo G., Choo Q. L., Alter H. J., Gitnick G. L., Redeker A. G., Purcell R. H., Miyamura T., Dienstag J. L., Alter M. J., Stevens C. E. An assay for circulating antibodies to a major etiologic virus of human non-A, non-B hepatitis. Science. 1989 Apr 21;244(4902):362–364. doi: 10.1126/science.2496467. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Mahaney K., Tedeschi V., Maertens G., Di Bisceglie A. M., Vergalla J., Hoofnagle J. H., Sallie R. Genotypic analysis of hepatitis C virus in American patients. Hepatology. 1994 Dec;20(6):1405–1411. doi: 10.1002/hep.1840200605. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. McOmish F., Yap P. L., Dow B. C., Follett E. A., Seed C., Keller A. J., Cobain T. J., Krusius T., Kolho E., Naukkarinen R. Geographical distribution of hepatitis C virus genotypes in blood donors: an international collaborative survey. J Clin Microbiol. 1994 Apr;32(4):884–892. doi: 10.1128/jcm.32.4.884-892.1994. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Miller R. H., Purcell R. H. Hepatitis C virus shares amino acid sequence similarity with pestiviruses and flaviviruses as well as members of two plant virus supergroups. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Mar;87(6):2057–2061. doi: 10.1073/pnas.87.6.2057. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Ohno T., Mizokami M., Tibbs C. J., Ohba K., Suzuki K., Wu R. R., Nouri-Aria K. T., Williams R. New genotype of hepatitis C virus in South Africa. J Med Virol. 1994 Apr;42(4):409–413. doi: 10.1002/jmv.1890420414. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Okamoto H., Kurai K., Okada S., Yamamoto K., Lizuka H., Tanaka T., Fukuda S., Tsuda F., Mishiro S. Full-length sequence of a hepatitis C virus genome having poor homology to reported isolates: comparative study of four distinct genotypes. Virology. 1992 May;188(1):331–341. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(92)90762-e. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Okamoto H., Sugiyama Y., Okada S., Kurai K., Akahane Y., Sugai Y., Tanaka T., Sato K., Tsuda F., Miyakawa Y. Typing hepatitis C virus by polymerase chain reaction with type-specific primers: application to clinical surveys and tracing infectious sources. J Gen Virol. 1992 Mar;73(Pt 3):673–679. doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-73-3-673. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Pozzato G., Kaneko S., Moretti M., Crocè L. S., Franzin F., Unoura M., Bercich L., Tiribelli C., Crovatto M., Santini G. Different genotypes of hepatitis C virus are associated with different severity of chronic liver disease. J Med Virol. 1994 Jul;43(3):291–296. doi: 10.1002/jmv.1890430318. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Saito I., Miyamura T., Ohbayashi A., Harada H., Katayama T., Kikuchi S., Watanabe Y., Koi S., Onji M., Ohta Y. Hepatitis C virus infection is associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Sep;87(17):6547–6549. doi: 10.1073/pnas.87.17.6547. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Simmonds P., Holmes E. C., Cha T. A., Chan S. W., McOmish F., Irvine B., Beall E., Yap P. L., Kolberg J., Urdea M. S. Classification of hepatitis C virus into six major genotypes and a series of subtypes by phylogenetic analysis of the NS-5 region. J Gen Virol. 1993 Nov;74(Pt 11):2391–2399. doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-74-11-2391. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Simmonds P., McOmish F., Yap P. L., Chan S. W., Lin C. K., Dusheiko G., Saeed A. A., Holmes E. C. Sequence variability in the 5' non-coding region of hepatitis C virus: identification of a new virus type and restrictions on sequence diversity. J Gen Virol. 1993 Apr;74(Pt 4):661–668. doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-74-4-661. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Stuyver L., Rossau R., Wyseur A., Duhamel M., Vanderborght B., Van Heuverswyn H., Maertens G. Typing of hepatitis C virus isolates and characterization of new subtypes using a line probe assay. J Gen Virol. 1993 Jun;74(Pt 6):1093–1102. doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-74-6-1093. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Stuyver L., van Arnhem W., Wyseur A., Hernandez F., Delaporte E., Maertens G. Classification of hepatitis C viruses based on phylogenetic analysis of the envelope 1 and nonstructural 5B regions and identification of five additional subtypes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1994 Oct 11;91(21):10134–10138. doi: 10.1073/pnas.91.21.10134. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Takada N., Takase S., Takada A., Date T. Differences in the hepatitis C virus genotypes in different countries. J Hepatol. 1993 Mar;17(3):277–283. doi: 10.1016/s0168-8278(05)80205-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Tokita H., Okamoto H., Tsuda F., Song P., Nakata S., Chosa T., Iizuka H., Mishiro S., Miyakawa Y., Mayumi M. Hepatitis C virus variants from Vietnam are classifiable into the seventh, eighth, and ninth major genetic groups. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1994 Nov 8;91(23):11022–11026. doi: 10.1073/pnas.91.23.11022. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Yoshioka K., Kakumu S., Wakita T., Ishikawa T., Itoh Y., Takayanagi M., Higashi Y., Shibata M., Morishima T. Detection of hepatitis C virus by polymerase chain reaction and response to interferon-alpha therapy: relationship to genotypes of hepatitis C virus. Hepatology. 1992 Aug;16(2):293–299. doi: 10.1002/hep.1840160203. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Journal of Clinical Microbiology are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

RESOURCES