Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) causes various diseases, such as infectious mononucleosis (IM), fatal IM, EBV-associated hemophagocytic syndrome (EBVAHS), and chronic active EBV infection (CAEBV). In the present study, cell-free EBV DNA was detected in the plasma of patients with EBV-associated diseases by PCR assay. The patients included 20 patients with IM, 2 patients with fatal IM, 4 patients with EBVAHS, 4 patients with CAEBV, and 38 healthy children (20 EBV seropositive and 18 EBV seronegative). In patients with IM, plasma samples were positive for EBV DNA in all patients (100%) in the acute phase and in 44% of the patients in the convalescent phase, but plasma samples from the 38 healthy control children were negative (0%) for EBV DNA. Quantitative PCR assay revealed that plasma from patients with IM contained the highest amount of virus DNA within 7 days following the onset of disease (mean, 6 x 10(4) copies per ml). The EBV DNA concentration decreased thereafter as the patients recovered. Plasma from patients with fatal IM contained more than 100 times more copies of EBV DNA (3 x 10(7) copies per ml) than plasma from patients with IM. Plasma from patients with the acute phase of EBVAHS contained 10 times more copies of EBV DNA (5 x 10(5) copies per ml) than plasma from IM, and then patients with the number of copies decreased similarly in both groups of patients in the convalescent phase (2 x 10(4) copies per ml). The amount of virus DNA in patients with CAEBV (6 x 10(4) copies per ml) was similar to that noted in patients with IM; however, it became higher (1 x 10(6) copies per ml) when the patients' clinical status deteriorated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Full Text
The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (195.4 KB).
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Ando Y., Kimura H., Miwata H., Kudo T., Shibata M., Morishima T. Quantitative analysis of herpes simplex virus DNA in cerebrospinal fluid of children with herpes simplex encephalitis. J Med Virol. 1993 Oct;41(2):170–173. doi: 10.1002/jmv.1890410214. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Brillanti S., Garson J. A., Tuke P. W., Ring C., Briggs M., Masci C., Miglioli M., Barbara L., Tedder R. S. Effect of alpha-interferon therapy on hepatitis C viraemia in community-acquired chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis: a quantitative polymerase chain reaction study. J Med Virol. 1991 Jun;34(2):136–141. doi: 10.1002/jmv.1890340213. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Edlin B. R., Weinstein R. A., Whaling S. M., Ou C. Y., Connolly P. J., Moore J. L., Bitran J. D. Zidovudine-interferon-alpha combination therapy in patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection: biphasic response of p24 antigen and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. J Infect Dis. 1992 May;165(5):793–798. doi: 10.1093/infdis/165.5.793. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Fleisher G. R., Paradise J. E., Lennette E. T. Leukocyte response in childhood infectious mononucleosis. Caused by Epstein-Barr virus. Am J Dis Child. 1981 Aug;135(8):699–702. doi: 10.1001/archpedi.1981.02130320013004. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gan Y. J., Sullivan J. L., Sixbey J. W. Detection of cell-free Epstein-Barr virus DNA in serum during acute infectious mononucleosis. J Infect Dis. 1994 Aug;170(2):436–439. doi: 10.1093/infdis/170.2.436. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gerper P., Whang-Peng J., Monroe J. H. Transformation and chromosome changes induced by Epstein-Barr virus in normal human leukocyte cultures. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1969 Jul;63(3):740–747. doi: 10.1073/pnas.63.3.740. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gopal M. R., Thomson B. J., Fox J., Tedder R. S., Honess R. W. Detection by PCR of HHV-6 and EBV DNA in blood and oropharynx of healthy adults and HIV-seropositives. Lancet. 1990 Jun 30;335(8705):1598–1599. doi: 10.1016/0140-6736(90)91433-b. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Jones M. D., Griffin B. E. Clustered repeat sequences in the genome of Epstein Barr virus. Nucleic Acids Res. 1983 Jun 25;11(12):3919–3937. doi: 10.1093/nar/11.12.3919. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kikuta H., Sakiyama Y., Matsumoto S., Oh-Ishi T., Nakano T., Nagashima T., Oka T., Hironaka T., Hirai K. Fatal Epstein-Barr virus-associated hemophagocytic syndrome. Blood. 1993 Dec 1;82(11):3259–3264. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kimura H., Ando Y., Shibata M., Abe T., Morishima T. T-cell receptor V alpha region usage in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with mumps meningitis. J Med Virol. 1993 Dec;41(4):306–311. doi: 10.1002/jmv.1890410409. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kwok S., Higuchi R. Avoiding false positives with PCR. Nature. 1989 May 18;339(6221):237–238. doi: 10.1038/339237a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Mahalingam R., Wellish M., Lederer D., Forghani B., Cohrs R., Gilden D. Quantitation of latent varicella-zoster virus DNA in human trigeminal ganglia by polymerase chain reaction. J Virol. 1993 Apr;67(4):2381–2384. doi: 10.1128/jvi.67.4.2381-2384.1993. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Mroczek E. C., Weisenburger D. D., Grierson H. L., Markin R., Purtilo D. T. Fatal infectious mononucleosis and virus-associated hemophagocytic syndrome. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 1987 Jun;111(6):530–535. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Okano M., Matsumoto S., Osato T., Sakiyama Y., Thiele G. M., Purtilo D. T. Severe chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection syndrome. Clin Microbiol Rev. 1991 Jan;4(1):129–135. doi: 10.1128/cmr.4.1.129. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Purtilo D. T., Tatsumi E., Manolov G., Manolova Y., Harada S., Lipscomb H., Krueger G. Epstein-Barr virus as an etiological agent in the pathogenesis of lymphoproliferative and aproliferative diseases in immune deficient patients. Int Rev Exp Pathol. 1985;27:113–183. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Riddler S. A., Breinig M. C., McKnight J. L. Increased levels of circulating Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-infected lymphocytes and decreased EBV nuclear antigen antibody responses are associated with the development of posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease in solid-organ transplant recipients. Blood. 1994 Aug 1;84(3):972–984. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Risdall R. J., McKenna R. W., Nesbit M. E., Krivit W., Balfour H. H., Jr, Simmons R. L., Brunning R. D. Virus-associated hemophagocytic syndrome: a benign histiocytic proliferation distinct from malignant histiocytosis. Cancer. 1979 Sep;44(3):993–1002. doi: 10.1002/1097-0142(197909)44:3<993::aid-cncr2820440329>3.0.co;2-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Rocchi G., Felici A., Ragona G., Heinz A. Quantitative evaluation of Epstein-Barr-virus-infected mononuclear peripheral blood leukocytes in infectious mononucleosis. N Engl J Med. 1977 Jan 20;296(3):132–134. doi: 10.1056/NEJM197701202960302. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Semple M., Loveday C., Weller I., Tedder R. Direct measurement of viraemia in patients infected with HIV-1 and its relationship to disease progression and zidovudine therapy. J Med Virol. 1991 Sep;35(1):38–45. doi: 10.1002/jmv.1890350109. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Shibata M., Terashima M., Kimura H., Kuzushima K., Yoshida J., Horibe K., Morishima T. Quantitation of cytomegalovirus DNA in lung tissue of bone marrow transplant recipients. Hum Pathol. 1992 Aug;23(8):911–915. doi: 10.1016/0046-8177(92)90404-q. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Skare J., Strominger J. L. Cloning and mapping of BamHi endonuclease fragments of DNA from the transforming B95-8 strain of Epstein-Barr virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1980 Jul;77(7):3860–3864. doi: 10.1073/pnas.77.7.3860. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Spector S. A., Merrill R., Wolf D., Dankner W. M. Detection of human cytomegalovirus in plasma of AIDS patients during acute visceral disease by DNA amplification. J Clin Microbiol. 1992 Sep;30(9):2359–2365. doi: 10.1128/jcm.30.9.2359-2365.1992. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Sumaya C. V., Ench Y. Epstein-Barr virus infectious mononucleosis in children. I. Clinical and general laboratory findings. Pediatrics. 1985 Jun;75(6):1003–1010. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Sumaya C. V., Ench Y. Epstein-Barr virus infectious mononucleosis in children. II. Heterophil antibody and viral-specific responses. Pediatrics. 1985 Jun;75(6):1011–1019. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Telenti A., Marshall W. F., Smith T. F. Detection of Epstein-Barr virus by polymerase chain reaction. J Clin Microbiol. 1990 Oct;28(10):2187–2190. doi: 10.1128/jcm.28.10.2187-2190.1990. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Wagner H. J., Bein G., Bitsch A., Kirchner H. Detection and quantification of latently infected B lymphocytes in Epstein-Barr virus-seropositive, healthy individuals by polymerase chain reaction. J Clin Microbiol. 1992 Nov;30(11):2826–2829. doi: 10.1128/jcm.30.11.2826-2829.1992. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Yamaguchi Y., Hironaka T., Kajiwara M., Tateno E., Kita H., Hirai K. Increased sensitivity for detection of human cytomegalovirus in urine by removal of inhibitors for the polymerase chain reaction. J Virol Methods. 1992 May;37(2):209–218. doi: 10.1016/0166-0934(92)90048-i. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]