Skip to main content
The Journal of Cell Biology logoLink to The Journal of Cell Biology
. 1992 Jun 1;117(5):1077–1084. doi: 10.1083/jcb.117.5.1077

Specific association of the proto-oncogene product pp60c-src with an intracellular organelle, the PC12 synaptic vesicle

PMCID: PMC2289481  PMID: 1374414

Abstract

The protein product of the proto-oncogene c-src is a membrane- associated tyrosine kinase of unknown function. Identification of pp60c- src target membranes may elucidate the function of the c-src protein. The available evidence indicates that pp60c-src associates with distinct membranes within single cell types and has different distributions in different cell types. Our experiments demonstrate targeting of pp60c-src to an isolatable and biochemically identified membrane fraction in the neuroendocrine cell line PC12. The c-src protein was found to be specifically associated with synaptic vesicles since: (a) the pp60c-src immunofluorescent pattern overlapped with a synaptic vesicle marker, synaptophysin; (b) a significant proportion (44%) of the pp60c-src from PC12 but not fibroblast postnuclear supernatants was recovered in a small vesicle fraction; (c) an anti- synaptophysin cytoplasmic domain antibody immunodepleted all of the pp60c-src vesicles in this fraction, and (d) pp60c-src copurified during a 100-fold purification of PC12 synaptic vesicles. These results suggest a role for the c-src protein in the regulation of synaptic vesicle function.

Full Text

The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (1.7 MB).

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Azarnia R., Loewenstein W. R. Polyomavirus middle T antigen downregulates junctional cell-to-cell communication. Mol Cell Biol. 1987 Feb;7(2):946–950. doi: 10.1128/mcb.7.2.946. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Azarnia R., Reddy S., Kmiecik T. E., Shalloway D., Loewenstein W. R. The cellular src gene product regulates junctional cell-to-cell communication. Science. 1988 Jan 22;239(4838):398–401. doi: 10.1126/science.2447651. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Barnekow A., Jahn R., Schartl M. Synaptophysin: a substrate for the protein tyrosine kinase pp60c-src in intact synaptic vesicles. Oncogene. 1990 Jul;5(7):1019–1024. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Bordier C. Phase separation of integral membrane proteins in Triton X-114 solution. J Biol Chem. 1981 Feb 25;256(4):1604–1607. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Brugge J. S., Cotton P. C., Queral A. E., Barrett J. N., Nonner D., Keane R. W. Neurones express high levels of a structurally modified, activated form of pp60c-src. Nature. 1985 Aug 8;316(6028):554–557. doi: 10.1038/316554a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Buss J. E., Kamps M. P., Gould K., Sefton B. M. The absence of myristic acid decreases membrane binding of p60src but does not affect tyrosine protein kinase activity. J Virol. 1986 May;58(2):468–474. doi: 10.1128/jvi.58.2.468-474.1986. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Clift-O'Grady L., Linstedt A. D., Lowe A. W., Grote E., Kelly R. B. Biogenesis of synaptic vesicle-like structures in a pheochromocytoma cell line PC-12. J Cell Biol. 1990 May;110(5):1693–1703. doi: 10.1083/jcb.110.5.1693. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Cotton P. C., Brugge J. S. Neural tissues express high levels of the cellular src gene product pp60c-src. Mol Cell Biol. 1983 Jun;3(6):1157–1162. doi: 10.1128/mcb.3.6.1157. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Courtneidge S. A., Levinson A. D., Bishop J. M. The protein encoded by the transforming gene of avian sarcoma virus (pp60src) and a homologous protein in normal cells (pp60proto-src) are associated with the plasma membrane. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1980 Jul;77(7):3783–3787. doi: 10.1073/pnas.77.7.3783. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Cross F. R., Garber E. A., Pellman D., Hanafusa H. A short sequence in the p60src N terminus is required for p60src myristylation and membrane association and for cell transformation. Mol Cell Biol. 1984 Sep;4(9):1834–1842. doi: 10.1128/mcb.4.9.1834. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. David-Pfeuty T., Nouvian-Dooghe Y. Immunolocalization of the cellular src protein in interphase and mitotic NIH c-src overexpresser cells. J Cell Biol. 1990 Dec;111(6 Pt 2):3097–3116. doi: 10.1083/jcb.111.6.3097. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Feder D., Bishop J. M. Identification of platelet membrane proteins that interact with amino-terminal peptides of pp60c-src. J Biol Chem. 1991 Oct 5;266(28):19040–19046. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Ferrell J. E., Jr, Noble J. A., Martin G. S., Jacques Y. V., Bainton D. F. Intracellular localization of pp60c-src in human platelets. Oncogene. 1990 Jul;5(7):1033–1036. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Fischer von Mollard G., Mignery G. A., Baumert M., Perin M. S., Hanson T. J., Burger P. M., Jahn R., Südhof T. C. rab3 is a small GTP-binding protein exclusively localized to synaptic vesicles. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Mar;87(5):1988–1992. doi: 10.1073/pnas.87.5.1988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Fischer von Mollard G., Südhof T. C., Jahn R. A small GTP-binding protein dissociates from synaptic vesicles during exocytosis. Nature. 1991 Jan 3;349(6304):79–81. doi: 10.1038/349079a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Garber E. A., Cross F. R., Hanafusa H. Processing of p60v-src to its myristylated membrane-bound form. Mol Cell Biol. 1985 Oct;5(10):2781–2788. doi: 10.1128/mcb.5.10.2781. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Grandori C., Hanafusa H. p60c-src is complexed with a cellular protein in subcellular compartments involved in exocytosis. J Cell Biol. 1988 Dec;107(6 Pt 1):2125–2135. doi: 10.1083/jcb.107.6.2125. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Grillner S., Matsushima T. The neural network underlying locomotion in lamprey--synaptic and cellular mechanisms. Neuron. 1991 Jul;7(1):1–15. doi: 10.1016/0896-6273(91)90069-c. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Hirano A. A., Greengard P., Huganir R. L. Protein tyrosine kinase activity and its endogenous substrates in rat brain: a subcellular and regional survey. J Neurochem. 1988 May;50(5):1447–1455. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1988.tb03029.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Johnston P. A., Cameron P. L., Stukenbrok H., Jahn R., De Camilli P., Südhof T. C. Synaptophysin is targeted to similar microvesicles in CHO and PC12 cells. EMBO J. 1989 Oct;8(10):2863–2872. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1989.tb08434.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Kamps M. P., Buss J. E., Sefton B. M. Mutation of NH2-terminal glycine of p60src prevents both myristoylation and morphological transformation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Jul;82(14):4625–4628. doi: 10.1073/pnas.82.14.4625. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Kaplan J. M., Varmus H. E., Bishop J. M. The src protein contains multiple domains for specific attachment to membranes. Mol Cell Biol. 1990 Mar;10(3):1000–1009. doi: 10.1128/mcb.10.3.1000. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Krueger J. G., Garber E. A., Goldberg A. R., Hanafusa H. Changes in amino-terminal sequences of pp60src lead to decreased membrane association and decreased in vivo tumorigenicity. Cell. 1982 Apr;28(4):889–896. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(82)90068-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Lipsich L. A., Lewis A. J., Brugge J. S. Isolation of monoclonal antibodies that recognize the transforming proteins of avian sarcoma viruses. J Virol. 1983 Nov;48(2):352–360. doi: 10.1128/jvi.48.2.352-360.1983. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Maness P. F., Aubry M., Shores C. G., Frame L., Pfenninger K. H. c-src gene product in developing rat brain is enriched in nerve growth cone membranes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Jul;85(14):5001–5005. doi: 10.1073/pnas.85.14.5001. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Mizoguchi A., Kim S., Ueda T., Kikuchi A., Yorifuji H., Hirokawa N., Takai Y. Localization and subcellular distribution of smg p25A, a ras p21-like GTP-binding protein, in rat brain. J Biol Chem. 1990 Jul 15;265(20):11872–11879. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Navone F., Jahn R., Di Gioia G., Stukenbrok H., Greengard P., De Camilli P. Protein p38: an integral membrane protein specific for small vesicles of neurons and neuroendocrine cells. J Cell Biol. 1986 Dec;103(6 Pt 1):2511–2527. doi: 10.1083/jcb.103.6.2511. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Parsons S. J., Creutz C. E. p60c-src activity detected in the chromaffin granule membrane. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1986 Jan 29;134(2):736–742. doi: 10.1016/s0006-291x(86)80482-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Resh M. D., Erikson R. L. Highly specific antibody to Rous sarcoma virus src gene product recognizes a novel population of pp60v-src and pp60c-src molecules. J Cell Biol. 1985 Feb;100(2):409–417. doi: 10.1083/jcb.100.2.409. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Resh M. D., Ling H. P. Identification of a 32K plasma membrane protein that binds to the myristylated amino-terminal sequence of p60v-src. Nature. 1990 Jul 5;346(6279):84–86. doi: 10.1038/346084a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Resh M. D. Specific and saturable binding of pp60v-src to plasma membranes: evidence for a myristyl-src receptor. Cell. 1989 Jul 28;58(2):281–286. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(89)90842-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Schiebler W., Jahn R., Doucet J. P., Rothlein J., Greengard P. Characterization of synapsin I binding to small synaptic vesicles. J Biol Chem. 1986 Jun 25;261(18):8383–8390. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Schweizer A., Fransen J. A., Bächi T., Ginsel L., Hauri H. P. Identification, by a monoclonal antibody, of a 53-kD protein associated with a tubulo-vesicular compartment at the cis-side of the Golgi apparatus. J Cell Biol. 1988 Nov;107(5):1643–1653. doi: 10.1083/jcb.107.5.1643. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Sihra T. S., Wang J. K., Gorelick F. S., Greengard P. Translocation of synapsin I in response to depolarization of isolated nerve terminals. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Oct;86(20):8108–8112. doi: 10.1073/pnas.86.20.8108. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. Soriano P., Montgomery C., Geske R., Bradley A. Targeted disruption of the c-src proto-oncogene leads to osteopetrosis in mice. Cell. 1991 Feb 22;64(4):693–702. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(91)90499-o. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  36. Stehelin D., Varmus H. E., Bishop J. M., Vogt P. K. DNA related to the transforming gene(s) of avian sarcoma viruses is present in normal avian DNA. Nature. 1976 Mar 11;260(5547):170–173. doi: 10.1038/260170a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  37. Südhof T. C., Jahn R. Proteins of synaptic vesicles involved in exocytosis and membrane recycling. Neuron. 1991 May;6(5):665–677. doi: 10.1016/0896-6273(91)90165-v. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  38. Torri-Tarelli F., Villa A., Valtorta F., De Camilli P., Greengard P., Ceccarelli B. Redistribution of synaptophysin and synapsin I during alpha-latrotoxin-induced release of neurotransmitter at the neuromuscular junction. J Cell Biol. 1990 Feb;110(2):449–459. doi: 10.1083/jcb.110.2.449. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  39. Tsukita S., Oishi K., Akiyama T., Yamanashi Y., Yamamoto T., Tsukita S. Specific proto-oncogenic tyrosine kinases of src family are enriched in cell-to-cell adherens junctions where the level of tyrosine phosphorylation is elevated. J Cell Biol. 1991 May;113(4):867–879. doi: 10.1083/jcb.113.4.867. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  40. Wiedenmann B., Rehm H., Knierim M., Becker C. M. Fractionation of synaptophysin-containing vesicles from rat brain and cultured PC12 pheochromocytoma cells. FEBS Lett. 1988 Nov 21;240(1-2):71–77. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(88)80342-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from The Journal of Cell Biology are provided here courtesy of The Rockefeller University Press

RESOURCES