Skip to main content
PMC home page
Journal of Clinical Microbiology logoLink to Journal of Clinical Microbiology
. 1996 May;34(5):1091–1095. doi: 10.1128/jcm.34.5.1091-1095.1996

Studies of in vivo distribution of bovine herpesvirus type 4 in the natural host.

L Egyed 1, A Ballagi-Pordány 1, A Bartha 1, S Belák 1
PMCID: PMC228961  PMID: 8727882

Abstract

The in vivo distribution of bovine herpesvirus type 4 (BHV-4) was examined by testing nasal and conjunctival exudates, peripheral blood leukocytes, and various organs of experimentally infected calves. For virus detection, a nested PCR assay, virus isolation, and immunohistochemistry were applied. The nervous system and the muscles were free of viral DNA. Liver and intestinal lymph nodes contained low amounts of virus (less than two copies per 1 microgram of cellular DNA). Intestinal, tonsil, thymus, and kidney tissues contained more viral DNA copies (5 to 50 copies per 1 microgram of cellular DNA). The highest amounts of BHV-4 DNA (50 to 500 copies per 1 microgram of cellular DNA) were found in the spleen, lungs, trachea, and nasal epithelium. Amplification of DNA from blood lymphocytes through postinoculation (p.i.) day 48 proved that the virus started to replicate in these cells immediately after inoculation of the calves and that intensive virus growth took place during the 7 to 8 weeks of the infection. The number of virus-infected lymphocytes reached the maximum on p.i. days 22 to 26 and slowly declined thereafter. Virus-infected cells were found only in the spleen on p.i. day 48 by immunohistochemistry. Western blotting (immunoblotting) detected signs of an immune response against 9 of the 29 BHV-4 proteins.

Full Text

The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (186.9 KB).

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Augsburger H. R., Metzler A. E. In vitro growth characteristics of bovine herpesvirus 4 (BHV-4) as revealed by indirect immunofluorescence assay with monoclonal antibodies and polyvalent antisera. Arch Virol. 1989;104(3-4):309–321. doi: 10.1007/BF01315552. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Bartha A., Juhász M., Liebermann H. Isolation of a bovine herpesvirus from calves with respiratory disease and keratoconjunctivitis. A preliminary report. Acta Vet Acad Sci Hung. 1966;16(3):357–358. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Belak S., PALFI V. Characerization of a herpesvirus isolated from spontaneously degenerated bovine kidney cell culture. Acta Vet Acad Sci Hung. 1974;24(3):249–253. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Belák S., Ballagi-Pordány A. Application of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in veterinary diagnostic virology. Vet Res Commun. 1993;17(1):55–72. doi: 10.1007/BF01839180. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Belák S., Ballagi-Pordány A. Experiences on the application of the polymerase chain reaction in a diagnostic laboratory. Mol Cell Probes. 1993 Jun;7(3):241–248. doi: 10.1006/mcpr.1993.1035. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Boland G. J., de Weger R. A., Tilanus M. G., Ververs C., Bosboom-Kalsbeek K., de Gast G. C. Detection of cytomegalovirus (CMV) in granulocytes by polymerase chain reaction compared with the CMV antigen test. J Clin Microbiol. 1992 Jul;30(7):1763–1767. doi: 10.1128/jcm.30.7.1763-1767.1992. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Castrucci G., Frigeri F., Ferrari M., Cilli V., Aldrovandi V., Rampichini L., Gatti R. A study of the pathogenesis of bovid herpesvirus-4 in calves. Zentralbl Veterinarmed B. 1987 Sep;34(7):473–479. doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0450.1987.tb00422.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Chang R. S., Golden H. D. Transformation of human leucocytes by throat washing from infectious mononucleosis patients. Nature. 1971 Dec 10;234(5328):359–360. doi: 10.1038/234359a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Edwards S., Newman R. H. Detection of antibodies to bovid herpesvirus 4 by ELISA. Vet Microbiol. 1985 Jan;10(2):149–154. doi: 10.1016/0378-1135(85)90016-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Galik P. K., van Santen V. L., Stringfellow D. A., Bird R. C., Wright J. C., Smith P. C. Development of a DNA probe for identification of bovine herpesvirus 4. Am J Vet Res. 1993 May;54(5):653–659. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Guo W. Z., Shen D. T., Evermann J. F., Gorham J. R. Comparison of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and a complement-fixation test for the detection of IgG to bovine herpesvirus type 4 (bovine cytomegalovirus). Am J Vet Res. 1988 May;49(5):667–670. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. House J. A., Wilson T. M., el Nakashly S., Karim I. A., Ismail I., el Danaf N., Moussa A. M., Ayoub N. N. The isolation of lumpy skin disease virus and bovine herpesvirus-4 from cattle in Egypt. J Vet Diagn Invest. 1990 Apr;2(2):111–115. doi: 10.1177/104063879000200205. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Kaminjolo J. S., Jr, Mugera G. M., Rosted A. F. Isolation of a herpes-type virus from some tumours of bovine origin. Zentralbl Veterinarmed B. 1972 Sep;19(8):626–632. doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0450.1972.tb00443.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Kit S., Kit M., Ichimura H., Crandell R., McConnell S. Induction of thymidine kinase activity by viruses with group B DNA genomes: bovine cytomegalovirus (bovine herpesvirus 4). Virus Res. 1986 Feb;4(2):197–212. doi: 10.1016/0168-1702(86)90041-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Krogman L. A., McAdaragh J. P. Recrudescence of bovine herpesvirus-5 in experimentally infected calves. Am J Vet Res. 1982 Feb;43(2):336–338. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Köhler G., Milstein C. Continuous cultures of fused cells secreting antibody of predefined specificity. Nature. 1975 Aug 7;256(5517):495–497. doi: 10.1038/256495a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Lomonte P., Bublot M., Pastoret P. P., Thiry E. Location and characterization of the bovine herpesvirus type 4 thymidine kinase gene; comparison with thymidine kinase genes of other herpesviruses. Arch Virol. 1992;127(1-4):327–337. doi: 10.1007/BF01309595. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. McCoy S. B., Mohanty S. B., Rockeman D. D. Electron microscope autoradiographic study of bovine herpesvirus 4. Zentralbl Veterinarmed B. 1985 Jun;32(5):368–374. doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0450.1985.tb01974.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Mohanty S. B., Hammond R. C., Lillie M. G. A new bovine herpesvirus and its effect on experimentally infected calves. Brief report. Arch Gesamte Virusforsch. 1971;33(3):394–395. doi: 10.1007/BF01254696. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Naeem K., Murtaugh M. P., Goyal S. M. Tissue distribution of bovid herpesvirus-4 in inoculated rabbits and its detection by DNA hybridization and polymerase chain reaction. Arch Virol. 1991;119(3-4):239–255. doi: 10.1007/BF01310673. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Näher H., Petzoldt D. Die Epstein-Barr-Virus-Infektion--eine lympho- und epitheliotrope Infektion. Hautarzt. 1992 Mar;43(3):114–119. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Osorio F. A., Reed D. E. Experimental inoculation of cattle with bovine herpesvirus-4: evidence for a lymphoid-associated persistent infection. Am J Vet Res. 1983 Jun;44(6):975–980. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Osorio F. A., Reed D. E., Rock D. L. Experimental infection of rabbits with bovine herpesvirus-4: acute and persistent infection. Vet Microbiol. 1982 Dec;7(6):503–513. doi: 10.1016/0378-1135(82)90045-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Osorio F. A., Rock D. L., Reed D. E. Studies on the pathogenesis of a bovine cytomegalo-like virus in an experimental host. J Gen Virol. 1985 Sep;66(Pt 9):1941–1951. doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-66-9-1941. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Parks J. B., Kendrick J. W. The isolation and partial characterization of a herpesvirus from a case of bovine metritis. Arch Gesamte Virusforsch. 1973;41(3):211–215. doi: 10.1007/BF01252768. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Reed D. E., Langpap T. J., Anson M. A. Characterization of herpesviruses isolated from lactating dairy cows with mammary pustular dermatitis. Am J Vet Res. 1977 Oct;38(10):1631–1634. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Roizmann B., Desrosiers R. C., Fleckenstein B., Lopez C., Minson A. C., Studdert M. J. The family Herpesviridae: an update. The Herpesvirus Study Group of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Arch Virol. 1992;123(3-4):425–449. doi: 10.1007/BF01317276. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Rutter J. M., Luther P. D. Cell culture assay for toxigenic Pasteurella multocida from atrophic rhinitis of pigs. Vet Rec. 1984 Apr 21;114(16):393–396. doi: 10.1136/vr.114.16.393. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Sass B., Mohanty S. B., Hetrick F. M. Fluorescent antibody study of a new bovine herpesvirus (strain DN-599). Am J Vet Res. 1974 Oct;35(10):1343–1346. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. van Opdenbosch E., Wellemans G., Ooms L. A., Degryse A. D. BHV4 (bovine herpes virus 4) related disorders in Belgian cattle: a study of two problem herds. Vet Res Commun. 1988;12(4-5):347–353. doi: 10.1007/BF00343255. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Journal of Clinical Microbiology are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

RESOURCES