Skip to main content
The Journal of Cell Biology logoLink to The Journal of Cell Biology
. 1992 Dec 2;119(6):1387–1394. doi: 10.1083/jcb.119.6.1387

Regulation of axonal growth in the vertebrate nervous system by interactions between glycoproteins belonging to two subgroups of the immunoglobulin superfamily

PMCID: PMC2289751  PMID: 1469039

Full Text

The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (1.2 MB).

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Amzel L. M., Poljak R. J. Three-dimensional structure of immunoglobulins. Annu Rev Biochem. 1979;48:961–997. doi: 10.1146/annurev.bi.48.070179.004525. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Baron M., Main A. L., Driscoll P. C., Mardon H. J., Boyd J., Campbell I. D. 1H NMR assignment and secondary structure of the cell adhesion type III module of fibronectin. Biochemistry. 1992 Feb 25;31(7):2068–2073. doi: 10.1021/bi00122a025. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Bixby J. L., Harris W. A. Molecular mechanisms of axon growth and guidance. Annu Rev Cell Biol. 1991;7:117–159. doi: 10.1146/annurev.cb.07.110191.001001. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Bossy B., Bossy-Wetzel E., Reichardt L. F. Characterization of the integrin alpha 8 subunit: a new integrin beta 1-associated subunit, which is prominently expressed on axons and on cells in contact with basal laminae in chick embryos. EMBO J. 1991 Sep;10(9):2375–2385. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1991.tb07776.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Brümmendorf T., Wolff J. M., Frank R., Rathjen F. G. Neural cell recognition molecule F11: homology with fibronectin type III and immunoglobulin type C domains. Neuron. 1989 Apr;2(4):1351–1361. doi: 10.1016/0896-6273(89)90073-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Burgoon M. P., Grumet M., Mauro V., Edelman G. M., Cunningham B. A. Structure of the chicken neuron-glia cell adhesion molecule, Ng-CAM: origin of the polypeptides and relation to the Ig superfamily. J Cell Biol. 1991 Mar;112(5):1017–1029. doi: 10.1083/jcb.112.5.1017. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Caroni P., Schwab M. E. Two membrane protein fractions from rat central myelin with inhibitory properties for neurite growth and fibroblast spreading. J Cell Biol. 1988 Apr;106(4):1281–1288. doi: 10.1083/jcb.106.4.1281. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Cervello M., Lemmon V., Landreth G., Rutishauser U. Phosphorylation-dependent regulation of axon fasciculation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Dec 1;88(23):10548–10552. doi: 10.1073/pnas.88.23.10548. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Chang S., Rathjen F. G., Raper J. A. Extension of neurites on axons is impaired by antibodies against specific neural cell surface glycoproteins. J Cell Biol. 1987 Feb;104(2):355–362. doi: 10.1083/jcb.104.2.355. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Chang S., Rathjen F. G., Raper J. A. Neurite outgrowth promoting activity of G4 and its inhibition by monoclonal antibodies. J Neurosci Res. 1990 Feb;25(2):180–186. doi: 10.1002/jnr.490250205. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Chiquet-Ehrismann R. Anti-adhesive molecules of the extracellular matrix. Curr Opin Cell Biol. 1991 Oct;3(5):800–804. doi: 10.1016/0955-0674(91)90053-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Daniloff J. K., Chuong C. M., Levi G., Edelman G. M. Differential distribution of cell adhesion molecules during histogenesis of the chick nervous system. J Neurosci. 1986 Mar;6(3):739–758. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.06-03-00739.1986. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Diamond M. S., Staunton D. E., Marlin S. D., Springer T. A. Binding of the integrin Mac-1 (CD11b/CD18) to the third immunoglobulin-like domain of ICAM-1 (CD54) and its regulation by glycosylation. Cell. 1991 Jun 14;65(6):961–971. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(91)90548-d. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Dodd J., Jessell T. M. Axon guidance and the patterning of neuronal projections in vertebrates. Science. 1988 Nov 4;242(4879):692–699. doi: 10.1126/science.3055291. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Dodd J., Morton S. B., Karagogeos D., Yamamoto M., Jessell T. M. Spatial regulation of axonal glycoprotein expression on subsets of embryonic spinal neurons. Neuron. 1988 Apr;1(2):105–116. doi: 10.1016/0896-6273(88)90194-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Doherty P., Ashton S. V., Moore S. E., Walsh F. S. Morphoregulatory activities of NCAM and N-cadherin can be accounted for by G protein-dependent activation of L- and N-type neuronal Ca2+ channels. Cell. 1991 Oct 4;67(1):21–33. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(91)90569-k. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Doherty P., Cohen J., Walsh F. S. Neurite outgrowth in response to transfected N-CAM changes during development and is modulated by polysialic acid. Neuron. 1990 Aug;5(2):209–219. doi: 10.1016/0896-6273(90)90310-c. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Doherty P., Moolenaar C. E., Ashton S. V., Michalides R. J., Walsh F. S. The VASE exon downregulates the neurite growth-promoting activity of NCAM 140. Nature. 1992 Apr 30;356(6372):791–793. doi: 10.1038/356791a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Driscoll P. C., Cyster J. G., Campbell I. D., Williams A. F. Structure of domain 1 of rat T lymphocyte CD2 antigen. Nature. 1991 Oct 24;353(6346):762–765. doi: 10.1038/353762a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Edelman G. M., Crossin K. L. Cell adhesion molecules: implications for a molecular histology. Annu Rev Biochem. 1991;60:155–190. doi: 10.1146/annurev.bi.60.070191.001103. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Faissner A., Teplow D. B., Kübler D., Keilhauer G., Kinzel V., Schachner M. Biosynthesis and membrane topography of the neural cell adhesion molecule L1. EMBO J. 1985 Dec 1;4(12):3105–3113. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1985.tb04052.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Fischer G., Künemund V., Schachner M. Neurite outgrowth patterns in cerebellar microexplant cultures are affected by antibodies to the cell surface glycoprotein L1. J Neurosci. 1986 Feb;6(2):605–612. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.06-02-00605.1986. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Furley A. J., Morton S. B., Manalo D., Karagogeos D., Dodd J., Jessell T. M. The axonal glycoprotein TAG-1 is an immunoglobulin superfamily member with neurite outgrowth-promoting activity. Cell. 1990 Apr 6;61(1):157–170. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(90)90223-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Gennarini G., Cibelli G., Rougon G., Mattei M. G., Goridis C. The mouse neuronal cell surface protein F3: a phosphatidylinositol-anchored member of the immunoglobulin superfamily related to chicken contactin. J Cell Biol. 1989 Aug;109(2):775–788. doi: 10.1083/jcb.109.2.775. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Gennarini G., Durbec P., Boned A., Rougon G., Goridis C. Transfected F3/F11 neuronal cell surface protein mediates intercellular adhesion and promotes neurite outgrowth. Neuron. 1991 Apr;6(4):595–606. doi: 10.1016/0896-6273(91)90062-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Grumet M. Cell adhesion molecules and their subgroups in the nervous system. Curr Opin Neurobiol. 1991 Oct;1(3):370–376. doi: 10.1016/0959-4388(91)90055-c. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Grumet M., Edelman G. M. Neuron-glia cell adhesion molecule interacts with neurons and astroglia via different binding mechanisms. J Cell Biol. 1988 Feb;106(2):487–503. doi: 10.1083/jcb.106.2.487. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Grumet M., Hoffman S., Chuong C. M., Edelman G. M. Polypeptide components and binding functions of neuron-glia cell adhesion molecules. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Dec;81(24):7989–7993. doi: 10.1073/pnas.81.24.7989. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Grumet M., Mauro V., Burgoon M. P., Edelman G. M., Cunningham B. A. Structure of a new nervous system glycoprotein, Nr-CAM, and its relationship to subgroups of neural cell adhesion molecules. J Cell Biol. 1991 Jun;113(6):1399–1412. doi: 10.1083/jcb.113.6.1399. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Grumet M. Structure, expression, and function of Ng-CAM, a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily involved in neuron-neuron and neuron-glia adhesion. J Neurosci Res. 1992 Jan;31(1):1–13. doi: 10.1002/jnr.490310102. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Heffner C. D., Lumsden A. G., O'Leary D. D. Target control of collateral extension and directional axon growth in the mammalian brain. Science. 1990 Jan 12;247(4939):217–220. doi: 10.1126/science.2294603. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Hoffman S., Friedlander D. R., Chuong C. M., Grumet M., Edelman G. M. Differential contributions of Ng-CAM and N-CAM to cell adhesion in different neural regions. J Cell Biol. 1986 Jul;103(1):145–158. doi: 10.1083/jcb.103.1.145. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Horley K. J., Carpenito C., Baker B., Takei F. Molecular cloning of murine intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM-1). EMBO J. 1989 Oct;8(10):2889–2896. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1989.tb08437.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Hortsch M., Goodman C. S. Cell and substrate adhesion molecules in Drosophila. Annu Rev Cell Biol. 1991;7:505–557. doi: 10.1146/annurev.cb.07.110191.002445. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. Hynes R. O. Integrins: versatility, modulation, and signaling in cell adhesion. Cell. 1992 Apr 3;69(1):11–25. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(92)90115-s. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  36. Jones F. S., Prediger E. A., Bittner D. A., De Robertis E. M., Edelman G. M. Cell adhesion molecules as targets for Hox genes: neural cell adhesion molecule promoter activity is modulated by cotransfection with Hox-2.5 and -2.4. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Mar 15;89(6):2086–2090. doi: 10.1073/pnas.89.6.2086. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  37. Kadmon G., Kowitz A., Altevogt P., Schachner M. The neural cell adhesion molecule N-CAM enhances L1-dependent cell-cell interactions. J Cell Biol. 1990 Jan;110(1):193–208. doi: 10.1083/jcb.110.1.193. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  38. Karagogeos D., Morton S. B., Casano F., Dodd J., Jessell T. M. Developmental expression of the axonal glycoprotein TAG-1: differential regulation by central and peripheral neurons in vitro. Development. 1991 May;112(1):51–67. doi: 10.1242/dev.112.1.51. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  39. Klausner R. D., Lippincott-Schwartz J., Bonifacino J. S. The T cell antigen receptor: insights into organelle biology. Annu Rev Cell Biol. 1990;6:403–431. doi: 10.1146/annurev.cb.06.110190.002155. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  40. Kuhn T. B., Stoeckli E. T., Condrau M. A., Rathjen F. G., Sonderegger P. Neurite outgrowth on immobilized axonin-1 is mediated by a heterophilic interaction with L1(G4). J Cell Biol. 1991 Nov;115(4):1113–1126. doi: 10.1083/jcb.115.4.1113. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  41. Lagenaur C., Lemmon V. An L1-like molecule, the 8D9 antigen, is a potent substrate for neurite extension. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Nov;84(21):7753–7757. doi: 10.1073/pnas.84.21.7753. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  42. Landmesser L., Dahm L., Tang J. C., Rutishauser U. Polysialic acid as a regulator of intramuscular nerve branching during embryonic development. Neuron. 1990 May;4(5):655–667. doi: 10.1016/0896-6273(90)90193-j. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  43. Lemmon V., Farr K. L., Lagenaur C. L1-mediated axon outgrowth occurs via a homophilic binding mechanism. Neuron. 1989 Jun;2(6):1597–1603. doi: 10.1016/0896-6273(89)90048-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  44. Lindner J., Rathjen F. G., Schachner M. L1 mono- and polyclonal antibodies modify cell migration in early postnatal mouse cerebellum. 1983 Sep 29-Oct 5Nature. 305(5933):427–430. doi: 10.1038/305427a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  45. Lumsden A. G., Davies A. M. Chemotropic effect of specific target epithelium in the developing mammalian nervous system. Nature. 1986 Oct 9;323(6088):538–539. doi: 10.1038/323538a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  46. Mayford M., Barzilai A., Keller F., Schacher S., Kandel E. R. Modulation of an NCAM-related adhesion molecule with long-term synaptic plasticity in Aplysia. Science. 1992 May 1;256(5057):638–644. doi: 10.1126/science.1585176. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  47. Miura M., Kobayashi M., Asou H., Uyemura K. Molecular cloning of cDNA encoding the rat neural cell adhesion molecule L1. Two L1 isoforms in the cytoplasmic region are produced by differential splicing. FEBS Lett. 1991 Sep 2;289(1):91–95. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(91)80915-p. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  48. Moos M., Tacke R., Scherer H., Teplow D., Früh K., Schachner M. Neural adhesion molecule L1 as a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily with binding domains similar to fibronectin. Nature. 1988 Aug 25;334(6184):701–703. doi: 10.1038/334701a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  49. Neugebauer K. M., Reichardt L. F. Cell-surface regulation of beta 1-integrin activity on developing retinal neurons. Nature. 1991 Mar 7;350(6313):68–71. doi: 10.1038/350068a0. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  50. Nörenberg U., Wille H., Wolff J. M., Frank R., Rathjen F. G. The chicken neural extracellular matrix molecule restrictin: similarity with EGF-, fibronectin type III-, and fibrinogen-like motifs. Neuron. 1992 May;8(5):849–863. doi: 10.1016/0896-6273(92)90199-n. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  51. Peterson A., Seed B. Monoclonal antibody and ligand binding sites of the T cell erythrocyte receptor (CD2). 1987 Oct 29-Nov 4Nature. 329(6142):842–846. doi: 10.1038/329842a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  52. Placzek M., Tessier-Lavigne M., Yamada T., Dodd J., Jessell T. M. Guidance of developing axons by diffusible chemoattractants. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 1990;55:279–289. doi: 10.1101/sqb.1990.055.01.030. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  53. Raper J. A., Kapfhammer J. P. The enrichment of a neuronal growth cone collapsing activity from embryonic chick brain. Neuron. 1990 Jan;4(1):21–29. doi: 10.1016/0896-6273(90)90440-q. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  54. Rathjen F. G. Neural cell contact and axonal growth. Curr Opin Cell Biol. 1991 Dec;3(6):992–1000. doi: 10.1016/0955-0674(91)90119-j. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  55. Rathjen F. G., Wolff J. M., Chang S., Bonhoeffer F., Raper J. A. Neurofascin: a novel chick cell-surface glycoprotein involved in neurite-neurite interactions. Cell. 1987 Dec 4;51(5):841–849. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(87)90107-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  56. Rathjen F. G., Wolff J. M., Chiquet-Ehrismann R. Restrictin: a chick neural extracellular matrix protein involved in cell attachment co-purifies with the cell recognition molecule F11. Development. 1991 Sep;113(1):151–164. doi: 10.1242/dev.113.1.151. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  57. Rathjen F. G., Wolff J. M., Frank R., Bonhoeffer F., Rutishauser U. Membrane glycoproteins involved in neurite fasciculation. J Cell Biol. 1987 Feb;104(2):343–353. doi: 10.1083/jcb.104.2.343. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  58. Recny M. A., Neidhardt E. A., Sayre P. H., Ciardelli T. L., Reinherz E. L. Structural and functional characterization of the CD2 immunoadhesion domain. Evidence for inclusion of CD2 in an alpha-beta protein folding class. J Biol Chem. 1990 May 25;265(15):8542–8549. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  59. Reichardt L. F., Tomaselli K. J. Extracellular matrix molecules and their receptors: functions in neural development. Annu Rev Neurosci. 1991;14:531–570. doi: 10.1146/annurev.ne.14.030191.002531. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  60. Robinson P. J. Phosphatidylinositol membrane anchors and T-cell activation. Immunol Today. 1991 Jan;12(1):35–41. doi: 10.1016/0167-5699(91)90110-F. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  61. Ruegg M. A., Stoeckli E. T., Lanz R. B., Streit P., Sonderegger P. A homologue of the axonally secreted protein axonin-1 is an integral membrane protein of nerve fiber tracts involved in neurite fasciculation. J Cell Biol. 1989 Nov;109(5):2363–2378. doi: 10.1083/jcb.109.5.2363. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  62. Ruoslahti E. Fibronectin and its receptors. Annu Rev Biochem. 1988;57:375–413. doi: 10.1146/annurev.bi.57.070188.002111. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  63. Sadoul K., Sadoul R., Faissner A., Schachner M. Biochemical characterization of different molecular forms of the neural cell adhesion molecule L1. J Neurochem. 1988 Feb;50(2):510–521. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1988.tb02941.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  64. Sadoul R., Kirchhoff F., Schachner M. A protein kinase activity is associated with and specifically phosphorylates the neural cell adhesion molecule L1. J Neurochem. 1989 Nov;53(5):1471–1478. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1989.tb08540.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  65. Schuch U., Lohse M. J., Schachner M. Neural cell adhesion molecules influence second messenger systems. Neuron. 1989 Jul;3(1):13–20. doi: 10.1016/0896-6273(89)90111-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  66. Shiga T., Oppenheim R. W., Grumet M., Edelman G. M. Neuron-glia cell adhesion molecule (Ng-CAM) expression in the chick embryo spinal cord: observations on the earliest developing intersegmental interneurons. Brain Res Dev Brain Res. 1990 Sep 1;55(2):209–217. doi: 10.1016/0165-3806(90)90202-a. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  67. Small S. J., Akeson R. Expression of the unique NCAM VASE exon is independently regulated in distinct tissues during development. J Cell Biol. 1990 Nov;111(5 Pt 1):2089–2096. doi: 10.1083/jcb.111.5.2089. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  68. Springer T. A. Adhesion receptors of the immune system. Nature. 1990 Aug 2;346(6283):425–434. doi: 10.1038/346425a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  69. Springer T. A. Cell adhesion. A birth certificate for CD2. Nature. 1991 Oct 24;353(6346):704–705. doi: 10.1038/353704a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  70. Stahl B., Müller B., von Boxberg Y., Cox E. C., Bonhoeffer F. Biochemical characterization of a putative axonal guidance molecule of the chick visual system. Neuron. 1990 Nov;5(5):735–743. doi: 10.1016/0896-6273(90)90227-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  71. Stallcup W. B., Beasley L. L., Levine J. M. Antibody against nerve growth factor-inducible large external (NILE) glycoprotein labels nerve fiber tracts in the developing rat nervous system. J Neurosci. 1985 Apr;5(4):1090–1101. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.05-04-01090.1985. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  72. Stallcup W. B., Beasley L. Involvement of the nerve growth factor-inducible large external glycoprotein (NILE) in neurite fasciculation in primary cultures of rat brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Feb;82(4):1276–1280. doi: 10.1073/pnas.82.4.1276. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  73. Staunton D. E., Dustin M. L., Erickson H. P., Springer T. A. The arrangement of the immunoglobulin-like domains of ICAM-1 and the binding sites for LFA-1 and rhinovirus. Cell. 1990 Apr 20;61(2):243–254. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(90)90805-o. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  74. Stefanová I., Horejsí V., Ansotegui I. J., Knapp W., Stockinger H. GPI-anchored cell-surface molecules complexed to protein tyrosine kinases. Science. 1991 Nov 15;254(5034):1016–1019. doi: 10.1126/science.1719635. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  75. Stoeckli E. T., Kuhn T. B., Duc C. O., Ruegg M. A., Sonderegger P. The axonally secreted protein axonin-1 is a potent substratum for neurite growth. J Cell Biol. 1991 Feb;112(3):449–455. doi: 10.1083/jcb.112.3.449. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  76. Takeichi M. Cadherin cell adhesion receptors as a morphogenetic regulator. Science. 1991 Mar 22;251(5000):1451–1455. doi: 10.1126/science.2006419. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  77. Tessier-Lavigne M., Placzek M., Lumsden A. G., Dodd J., Jessell T. M. Chemotropic guidance of developing axons in the mammalian central nervous system. Nature. 1988 Dec 22;336(6201):775–778. doi: 10.1038/336775a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  78. Tian S. S., Tsoulfas P., Zinn K. Three receptor-linked protein-tyrosine phosphatases are selectively expressed on central nervous system axons in the Drosophila embryo. Cell. 1991 Nov 15;67(4):675–685. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(91)90063-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  79. Volkmer H., Hassel B., Wolff J. M., Frank R., Rathjen F. G. Structure of the axonal surface recognition molecule neurofascin and its relationship to a neural subgroup of the immunoglobulin superfamily. J Cell Biol. 1992 Jul;118(1):149–161. doi: 10.1083/jcb.118.1.149. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  80. Williams A. F., Barclay A. N. The immunoglobulin superfamily--domains for cell surface recognition. Annu Rev Immunol. 1988;6:381–405. doi: 10.1146/annurev.iy.06.040188.002121. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  81. Williams E. J., Doherty P., Turner G., Reid R. A., Hemperly J. J., Walsh F. S. Calcium influx into neurons can solely account for cell contact-dependent neurite outgrowth stimulated by transfected L1. J Cell Biol. 1992 Nov;119(4):883–892. doi: 10.1083/jcb.119.4.883. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  82. Wolff J. M., Rathjen F. G., Frank R., Roth S. Biochemical characterization of polypeptide components involved in neurite fasciculation and elongation. Eur J Biochem. 1987 Nov 2;168(3):551–561. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1987.tb13453.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  83. Yang P., Yin X., Rutishauser U. Intercellular space is affected by the polysialic acid content of NCAM. J Cell Biol. 1992 Mar;116(6):1487–1496. doi: 10.1083/jcb.116.6.1487. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  84. Yang X. H., Seow K. T., Bahri S. M., Oon S. H., Chia W. Two Drosophila receptor-like tyrosine phosphatase genes are expressed in a subset of developing axons and pioneer neurons in the embryonic CNS. Cell. 1991 Nov 15;67(4):661–673. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(91)90062-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  85. Zuellig R. A., Rader C., Schroeder A., Kalousek M. B., Von Bohlen und Halbach F., Osterwalder T., Inan C., Stoeckli E. T., Affolter H. U., Fritz A. The axonally secreted cell adhesion molecule, axonin-1. Primary structure, immunoglobulin-like and fibronectin-type-III-like domains and glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol anchorage. Eur J Biochem. 1992 Mar 1;204(2):453–463. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1992.tb16655.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  86. de la Rosa E. J., Kayyem J. F., Roman J. M., Stierhof Y. D., Dreyer W. J., Schwarz U. Topologically restricted appearance in the developing chick retinotectal system of Bravo, a neural surface protein: experimental modulation by environmental cues. J Cell Biol. 1990 Dec;111(6 Pt 2):3087–3096. doi: 10.1083/jcb.111.6.3087. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from The Journal of Cell Biology are provided here courtesy of The Rockefeller University Press

RESOURCES