Abstract
The genetic structure of a population of multidrug-resistant nontypeable (unencapsulated) Haemophilus influenzae strains isolated at a hospital in Barcelona, Spain, was investigated by using multilocus enzyme electrophoresis to determine the allelic variation in 15 structural loci. In our study we have also included some antimicrobial agent-susceptible strains isolated at the same hospital. All enzymes were polymorphic for two to eight electromorphs, and the analysis revealed 43 distinct electrophoretic types among the 44 isolates. The mean genetic diversity of the entire population was 0.55. Multilocus linkage disequilibrium analysis of the isolates revealed a strong association between alleles, suggesting little possibility of recombination. Furthermore, the dendrogram and the allele mismatch distribution are typical of a population with no extensive genetic mixing.
Full Text
The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (190.3 KB).
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Brown A. H., Feldman M. W., Nevo E. Multilocus Structure of Natural Populations of HORDEUM SPONTANEUM. Genetics. 1980 Oct;96(2):523–536. doi: 10.1093/genetics/96.2.523. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Desjardins P., Picard B., Kaltenböck B., Elion J., Denamur E. Sex in Escherichia coli does not disrupt the clonal structure of the population: evidence from random amplified polymorphic DNA and restriction-fragment-length polymorphism. J Mol Evol. 1995 Oct;41(4):440–448. doi: 10.1007/BF00160315. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gargallo D., Lorén J. G., Guinea J., Viñas M. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase alloenzymes and their relationship to pigmentation in Serratia marcescens. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1987 Aug;53(8):1983–1986. doi: 10.1128/aem.53.8.1983-1986.1987. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Leung K., Strain S. R., de Bruijn F. J., Bottomley P. J. Genotypic and Phenotypic Comparisons of Chromosomal Types within an Indigenous Soil Population of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1994 Feb;60(2):416–426. doi: 10.1128/aem.60.2.416-426.1994. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Musser J. M., Barenkamp S. J., Granoff D. M., Selander R. K. Genetic relationships of serologically nontypable and serotype b strains of Haemophilus influenzae. Infect Immun. 1986 Apr;52(1):183–191. doi: 10.1128/iai.52.1.183-191.1986. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Musser J. M., Kroll J. S., Granoff D. M., Moxon E. R., Brodeur B. R., Campos J., Dabernat H., Frederiksen W., Hamel J., Hammond G. Global genetic structure and molecular epidemiology of encapsulated Haemophilus influenzae. Rev Infect Dis. 1990 Jan-Feb;12(1):75–111. doi: 10.1093/clinids/12.1.75. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Musser J. M., Kroll J. S., Moxon E. R., Selander R. K. Clonal population structure of encapsulated Haemophilus influenzae. Infect Immun. 1988 Aug;56(8):1837–1845. doi: 10.1128/iai.56.8.1837-1845.1988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Musser J. M. Molecular population genetic analysis of emerged bacterial pathogens: selected insights. Emerg Infect Dis. 1996 Jan-Mar;2(1):1–17. doi: 10.3201/eid0201.960101. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Nei M. Estimation of average heterozygosity and genetic distance from a small number of individuals. Genetics. 1978 Jul;89(3):583–590. doi: 10.1093/genetics/89.3.583. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Porras O., Caugant D. A., Gray B., Lagergård T., Levin B. R., Svanborg-Edén C. Difference in structure between type b and nontypable Haemophilus influenzae populations. Infect Immun. 1986 Jul;53(1):79–89. doi: 10.1128/iai.53.1.79-89.1986. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Selander R. K., Caugant D. A., Ochman H., Musser J. M., Gilmour M. N., Whittam T. S. Methods of multilocus enzyme electrophoresis for bacterial population genetics and systematics. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1986 May;51(5):873–884. doi: 10.1128/aem.51.5.873-884.1986. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Selander R. K., Musser J. M., Caugant D. A., Gilmour M. N., Whittam T. S. Population genetics of pathogenic bacteria. Microb Pathog. 1987 Jul;3(1):1–7. doi: 10.1016/0882-4010(87)90032-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Smith J. M., Dowson C. G., Spratt B. G. Localized sex in bacteria. Nature. 1991 Jan 3;349(6304):29–31. doi: 10.1038/349029a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Smith J. M., Smith N. H., O'Rourke M., Spratt B. G. How clonal are bacteria? Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993 May 15;90(10):4384–4388. doi: 10.1073/pnas.90.10.4384. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Souza V., Nguyen T. T., Hudson R. R., Piñero D., Lenski R. E. Hierarchical analysis of linkage disequilibrium in Rhizobium populations: evidence for sex? Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Sep 1;89(17):8389–8393. doi: 10.1073/pnas.89.17.8389. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Whittam T. S. Sex in the soil. Curr Biol. 1992 Dec;2(12):676–678. doi: 10.1016/0960-9822(92)90140-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Wise M. G., Shimkets L. J., McArthur J. V. Genetic structure of a lotic population of Burkolderia (Pseudomonas) cepacia. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1995 May;61(5):1791–1798. doi: 10.1128/aem.61.5.1791-1798.1995. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Zouros E., Golding G. B., MacKay T. F. The effect of combining alleles into electrophoretic classes on detecting linkage disequilibrium. Genetics. 1977 Mar;85(3):543–550. doi: 10.1093/genetics/85.3.543. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]